He aha te mea he tonotono? Ko tōna take me ngā āhuatanga

Ko te ariā o te tikanga tōrangapū - tetahi o te matua i roto i te pūtaiao tōrangapū tikanga. He ona ake āhuatanga, me ngā āhuatanga i tetahi mana tōrangapū. whakatinanahia te mana e te tikanga o ngā tikanga motuhake me taputapu.

tikanga tōrangapū

I roto i te rerekē te wā hītori o te kāwanatanga e taea e te puka pai o te tikanga tōrangapū. Whakawhirinaki i runga i a ratou tikanga o ngā taunekeneke i waenganui hapori me te kāwanatanga ano, whakahaere tōrangapū o te whenua o, te nui o nga mana, rangatiratanga, me mau ohipa o tangata.

Ko reira onge ki te kitea he tikanga tōrangapū i roto i tona puka parakore. Ka kitea tënei i te hītori o te USSR, ka, i raro i te ahua o te manapori mo te wa roa whakahaere he mana tonotono mārō. I tčnei wā, i roto i te tahi mau whenua i reira ko te āhuatanga rite, tae atu ki te tonotono ki te whakamārama o te manapori.

Tohu o te tikanga tōrangapū

Ko te āhuatanga matua e tohu i te tikanga tōrangapū e:

• Ngaahi Tefito'i Mo'oni, i runga i nei he pūtahi kāwanatanga;
• whāinga kaupapa here;
• tikanga me tikanga mō te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga tōrangapū.

Ko e pā ana tika ki te whanaketanga o mua o te kāwanatanga, te iho o te iwi, te taumata o te mōhio tōrangapū me te ahurea te āhua o te tikanga tōrangapū o te whenua. No miharo mea ratou: "Ko te iwi i te mana e tika ai." Kei te pai te fakatātaa'i tenei kīanga i nga take o te usurpation o te mana i te tetahi tangata ranei rōpū o tangata (te whiriwhiri tōrangapū pera-ka karanga). I roto i te meka, te iwi ano taea te tonotono ki te tango i te wahi i roto i nei kei reira.

He aha te mea te tonotono, ki te whai ua ratou tangata o whenua maha, a ētahi wā neke atu i te kotahi. Ka rite ki te tikanga, te tikanga whakahaere fakatikitato o te huringa e whangai ana ki te faahiti iho ïa i roto i nga whenua ki te ahurea tōrangapū toitü.

puka Tiro

tikanga tōrangapū - he whakaata o te āhuatanga e kaha i roto i te hapori āhuatanga e te rōrahi o te whai wāhitanga tangata i roto i te mahi o te mana kāwanatanga. kaipūtaiao tōrangapū wehewehe rua ngā momo taketake o te tikanga whakahaere kāwanatanga.

1. Manapori.
2. Undemocratic (tonotono).

Ko te huru matua o te tikanga manapori ko te pānga tika i runga i te mahi tangata 'o te mana kāwanatanga i roto i te whenua. E kore e te Ture whakapūtā te āhua o te mana tōrangapū. Ko pea kei ngā tohu o te takotoranga manapori.

I roto i te tahuri, ka whakahoki i te pātai: "He aha te mea he tonotono," - faaite kaitātari aratau ki te kore oti o te whai wāhitanga pāpori ā-i roto i te tikanga o te kaha kāwanatanga. Ko te kukū o te mana katoa i roto i nga ringa o tetahi tangata rōpū o tangata ranei. Ko te whakamutunga kia he rōpū tikanga ana ranei ara he wahi iti o te whiriwhiri o te rōpū.

E rua ngā momo matua o fakatikitató tikanga tōrangapū (undemocratic):

• totalitarian;
• fakaaoao.

tikanga totalitarian

He aha te mea he tonotono i te puka o te totalitarianism, tāutuhia i roto i te faaino 20 B.Mussolini. Hoki te wā tuatahi tono te wā "totalitarianism" i roto i te pā ana ki te tikanga Nasí i roto i te tau 1925. I muri mai, i whakamahia te wā ki te kōrero ki te tikanga Soviet.

Ko te mau faaiteraa tuatahi o totalitarianism, tirohia ki te timatanga o te rau tau rua tekau. Ko tōna ahua he tika ki te hiahia o te hapori mo te whāinga whanaketanga mārama o te "tangata hou", he "tikanga ōhanga hou". Tenei tauira pāpori-ohaoha - he reira he ahua o te tauhohenga papatipu ki te whakangaromanga tere o ngā hanganga tikanga, te hiahia o te iwi ki te whakakotahi i te mata o te heke mai ri'ari'a.

Ko te tahatahi, āhua wehi o nga tini ngāwari hinga ki raro i te mana o kaha kau taki tōrangapū (rangatira, te Führer). tuakiri mana, me rawaka tōrangapū ngāwari ka kitea rite-whakaaro te iwi. A ki to ratou tautoko, te whakarato uta iti pēhanga i runga i tangata i te whakatinana i tona Māoritanga, whakatau, ngā whāinga, me ara o te whakatutuki ia ratou.

tikanga totalitarian āhuatanga e te tino (te tapeke) tāpaetanga i te āhua o ngā wāhi katoa o te ora o te takitahi me te hapori rite te katoa. State hanganga mana i raro i totalitarianism - he hanganga tōrangapū centralized. Ko te putanga o te tahi atu whakahaere tōrangapū me te pāpori haere noa i roto i taea i tenei āhuatanga. Nā ki te katoa absorption o tetahi hanganga o te mana i roto i ao katoa o ngā mahi o te kamupene tutuki te mana wä o te whakahaere pule. Ka rite ki te hua, riro he Māoritanga taua te ope whakakotahi ao. Ko reira rite ki te mana o te rerekē kāwanatanga i te tikanga whakahaere totalitarianism ao pērā i te tonotono hōia, faatîtîraa, despotism, a na i runga i.

Ko te rerekētanga i roto i te ngā wä tukua ki te wawahi i te tikanga whakahaere fakatikitato i runga i te "mahue" me "tika". I runga anō i te whakaaro o Marxism-Leninism me fascism, aua.

Ko te āhuatanga noa o tetahi tikanga totalitarian he:

• te rapu tamau mō hoariri, e rua i roto i te whenua, me te ki waho;
• hōia hōia ranei tetahi wahi whakahaere o te hapori;
• te hanganga o ngā āhuatanga ohorere;
• he roopu tūturu o te tini ki te kawe i ngā mahi nui, me te akiaki;
• mārō poutū o te kaha ;
• tāpaetanga ā-.

He tikanga whakahaere fakatikitato tūturu i roto i te pepeha: "wikitoria i tetahi utu", "kaiwhakatika te mutunga nga tikanga", "rōpū - to tatou kaiurungi."

tikanga fakaaoao

āhuatanga tikanga tōrangapū fakaaoao e te kukū o te mana o te mana katoa o te kāwanatanga i roto i te kotahi rōpū pule kotahi tangata (te ariki, he tonotono) ranei.

Haunga te totalitarianism, e kore e whakahaeretia hapori kia piri. Māoritanga taea te pluralism o whakaaro, ngā tona haumaru i roto i te pā ana ki te pūnaha kāwanatanga. Ko te wahi matua o mehua repressive kei ki nga hoariri ngakau nui o te tikanga. He whaiaro tika, me te haere noa Citizens '.

āhuatanga āhuatanga o te Mana ko:

• centralization High o kaha;
• subordination o maha ngā āhuatanga o te ora i roto i te ngākau nuitanga o te tangata o te kāwanatanga;
• wehenga mārama i waenganui i te iwi me te kaha;
• te pare o te pato'iraa kaha tōrangapū;
• hara o ona rangatiratanga pāpāho;
• te wehenga ōkawa o mana i waenganui i te whakahaere,-ture, me te ture, tino kore e tenei wehenga tīari;
• he parau i roto i te natura te kaupapa ture;
• Ko mau tino pūnaha pōtitanga.

Mana - te tukanga whakawhiti i waenganui i nga tikanga whakahaere manapori me te totalitarian. I roto i tenei whanaketanga kia puta e rua i roto i te kotahi me te i roto i te tahi atu i te aronga (rerekē whakamua momo ranei ona). Transitivity blurring āhuatanga pai tautuhi, e whai i nga āhuatanga o rua tikanga fakatikitato, me te manapori.

Nuinga o ngā wā tikanga whakahaere fakaaoao taea te kitea i roto i te āhua i reira tukua te mana kei te ki te kawe i ngā huringa taketake i roto i te pūnaha pāpori, me te waha ana i roto i te "revolution i runga ake".

Ko te take o te tonotono

Ka mahi ki te pātai "aha te mea he tonotono," tatou e nehenehe e kore tukunoa'i ona take. Te tonotono, kia rite ki maha pūtaiao tōrangapū - ko te hua o te tauhohenga o te tini i runga i nga mōrearea tōrangapū, me te oha-pori. E haere tahi ari e rite i te ahua papatipu o "te pehi", "patototanga i roto o te rut" tangata. I roto i te mau parau atu, rite ki te hua o te pānga o ngā āhuatanga waho (hekenga, mōrearea ōhanga, a na i runga i), ngaro te takitahi pa ki o ratou rōpū hapori, me te tikanga ahurea. Ko te hua, ko te e he tangata ngāwari te awe, a taea te rāwekeweke i te reira. Ngohi arā, o taua iwi he tino rauangi ki te pīra o te feia faatere e e rite ki te whakahere i te anga whakakotahi hou, i roto i te kupu atu, he Māoritanga hou. Hangaia e te reira i te tokonga o te attraction o te takitahi ki te whānui (ki te piha haapiiraa, iwi, rōpū kāwanatanga). Take o te tonotono e taea e ā e kore anake engari waho ano hoki. Ka taea te whakapumautia te fakatikitató rite te whakautu ki te riri waho, ano, ka taea e te mea tūturu kore anake, engari pohewa hoki. Ka taea e tuma e: te preconditions hoki te putanga o te pakanga patu, te ati o te mate o motuhake, nga whakapae e pā ana ki te whakaekenga o te rohe o te whenua.

mutunga

Ä e kore e te pūnaha kati o te kaha (pērā i te tonotono) i te ngāwari me te kaha ki te urutau ki ngā rerekētanga i roto i nga akiakinga o te hapori maha-paparanga. Wehi, wehi, e kore e whai tonu here o te haere noa nga tangata. I te aratau mehua te tauturu iti i roto i te timatanga hapori ki te faaite mai i te wairua o te pato'iraa e taea tukituki i te turanga o tikanga whakahaere fakatikitató.

Ano, ki te whakamārama o te whanaketanga kaha o te hanganga hangarau, tupu tamau o te rōrahi o ngā mōhiohio e wātea ana, te pāpāho papatipu, te whanaketanga Ipurangi mō ngā pūnaha fakatikitato reira ko te mōrea o iti me te pupuri-kore o te narrowness o te parae mōhiohio. Na e te tikanga e he e taea ki te whakahaere i te huru o te puranga. He pata i roto i te pūnaha o te whakaaro kotahi - me ko te patu nui tuatahi ki te tonotono, e taea arahi ki te parariraa o te pūnaha katoa tenei. Ko te kupu, i tenei ra, e takoha pule fakaaoaó ki te whakawhāiti i āwenewene te wāhi ngā mōhiohio.

I te pae hopea whakangaro i te tonotono taea anake ki te awhina o pūtahi manapori me te whai wāhi o te taupori te whenua o roto i te whanaunga mōhiohio mārama. Nui hoki te aroaro o te mana "hauora" Ko te tikanga tōrangapū o te hapori, te tupu o te kiritau-me kawenga pāpori.