Georgy Tovstonogov (1915-1989), whare tapere kaiwhakahaere: biography, auaha

Georgiy Aleksandrovich Tovstonogov - kaiwhakahaere whakaari Soviet, Artist o tangata o te USSR, Dagestan ko Georgia, rite pai rite te toa o tohu maha, tae atu Lenin ko Stalin.

whānau

whanau George Tovstonogov i roto i 1915 i roto i Georgia, i Tbilisi. Ka waiho tenei pa he hiringa tuatahi tūturu mō te kaiwhakahaere heke mai. kahore ki te mahi ki te whare tapere ranei mahi kēmu tona papa i, engari ko moni te mahi i te wa, ka tū te tūranga tika teitei. mahi Alexander Tovstonogov rite te mataaro rerewhenua, me te ko te kaimahi whai o te Georgian Tāhuhu o Railways.

Ko te whaea, pērā tona papa, ko te tangata auaha puta noa i tona ora. Tamara Papitashvili ko he kaiwaiata tūturu, e mana whakapumautia tona tītohu i te St Petersburg Conservatory. I George ko te teina tuahine Natela e rite te tamaiti, a ki te whai ora pakeke rite te wahine o kaiwhakaari Yevgeny Lebedev, rawa aroha, ka whakaaro ka mau tonu tona teina tiaki o ia i te tuatahi, a ka rite ki te whaea keke o ana tama.

uniana

Ka rite ki te pakeke, George Tovstonogov, nei whaiaro ora ko kore nui rawa, hiahia ki te hanga i te whānau taua, a he aha i ia ia, engari tenei i tika ki te kitea he hoa e tika. Na te tangata, ka whakaritea e te reira i te timatanga e tana wahine, rite ia, tonu i ki kia auaha. Ka rite ki te hua, ko tana wahine tuatahi, he ākonga o tona whare tapere ake Salom Kancheli. ka mau te marena wahi i roto i te 1943, engari e kore e oaoa te utuafare i muri roa, i roto i 1945 rēhitatia te tokorua mo te whakarere. Otiia he haumi ki Kancheli kua kairau a he wāhi nui i roto i te ora o te kaiwhakahaere: hoatu te faaipoiporaa ia e rua nga tama - Nicholas me Alexandra.

I te tau 1958 faaoti Tovstonogov Georgiy Aleksandrovich ki marena ano. Kia ano, hinga ana whiriwhiri i runga i te kaitapere wahine. Fakataha ki ora ai Innoy Kondratevoy tangata mō te 4 tau, me te ano i taka ki te pupuri i te whānau - rewa te marena i roto i 1962.

Ka rite ki ki tetahi tuakiri whare tapere, biography BDT ki tonu o taime kanapa, me kōrero o tona ora, e rua whaiaro, me te toi. A e waiho reira ke ki te te haurongo o te kaiwhakahaere nui mutu kua kahore te hokohoko atu o ana tamariki, me mau mootua.

I roto i nga takahanga o tona papa, me te papa ruau haere ki Aleksandr Georgievich Tovstonogov me tana tama Tovstonogov Georgiy Aleksandrovich Jr .. Kua hono rua ratou ora ki te scene, a ka kaiwhakahaere whakaari pai-mohiotia.

Childhood me te tamarikitanga kaiwhakahaere

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, whanau George Tovstonogov i roto i Tiflis. I mua, ratou taua tau haere ia ki te kura, me i 15 tau mutu reira. Ahakoa Na, uncontrollably unu tangata rawa taitama o te kaiwhakahaere i mua nei ki te whare matakitaki, i reira i te mahi tona matua keke. Ko te whānau, ngā te papa, pana te tama ara rawa tetahi o te ora. E kore e hiahia ki te totohe ki a te tangata e matau ana koutou, tae Tovstonogov i Tbilisi Railway Institute, te wahi ia oaoa noho tahi papa - te matenga o tetahi o nga aravihi.

Ko e founga koe e taea te mahi i te tahi mea e tango atu i te kaha katoa, a hopoi mai kahore i pai ai? E kore e whakamutunga tau, Tovstonogov mahue te Institute, a i roto i te 1931 ka whakaritea te kaiwhakahaere kaitapere me te kaiāwhina i roto i te Theatre mo Young People Tbilisi. Head i roto i te mata o NY ka mea a Marshak kaha tonu fakaongoongolelei'i o te kaiwhakaari taitamariki, engari no te mea i roto i 1933 i tukua Georgiyu Tovstonogovu tū tona whakaaturanga rawa tuatahi i huaina "Ko te Tono" (rite ki te hua o Antona Pavlovicha Chehova).

E ako ana i roto i GITIS

I muri i te angitu o tona mahi i roto i te rama kaiwhakahaere, me te tumanako mo te atu waimarie pai. I te 1933 ka tomo ia te GITIS, engari te tau mo te urunga ki te evanelia e iti, hanga ana e ia te kaiwhakaari nui heke mai ki te haapaari i to ratou ake tuhinga, attributing ano 2 tau. Ua haapii ia i te GITIS rongonui i nga kaiwhakahaere me ngā kaiako o te whare tapere AM Lobanov me AD Popov. Whakauru i roto i te kura o ratou moe, rau Tovstonogov me ratou whakaari tuatahi, i hoatu ki a ia i runga i ona waewae - ano Theatre mo Young People, whakawhetai ki te whare matakitaki, ka whakaatu ano whakaari hou.

I roto i te 1937, tupu te tahi mea e taea e kua moe Tovstonogov anake i roto i te moepapa tino nanakia - no te mea o te tāmitanga o tona papa whakaaturia George Tovstonogov i te tama a te hoariri o nga iwi, na ki te-tau 4 GITISa te tangata peia. I muri ki te maha o ngā nganatanga horihori hoki tupu te semeio tūturu i roto i te pūnaha maka. A riro ratou aitua whakarerea nga kupu a Hohepa Stalin, rangatira o te iwi o taua wā, "E kore e te Tama a te papa urupare". Ka rite ki te hua, kei te heke te kaiwhakahaere, a ia tīrama mutunga GITIS.

Tīmata arata'iraa mahi

I roto i te 1938-1946 gg. mahi Tovstonogov i te Theatre Tbilisi Drama, ko muri AS Griboyedov. I roto i te hunga taua tau, e ai ta te reira Artist o tangata o te USSR A. Khorava e taea te tango i Georgy Alexandrovich i te whakaako o tetahi o ngā rōpū i te kaitapere '. Mai taua taime ra, i roto i te BDT e timata ki te ite i te kaiwhakahaere ngaio.

teata Moscow

I roto i te 1946, rau te kaiwhakahaere tana whenua Georgia ka takakawe ki te wikitoria i te scene whare Russian. tae Tovstonogov i Moscow, te wahi e ia te mata e rave rahi whare. Ngakau nui, me te whakapai tonu o ona tikanga, me te mahi ki te hōtaka kaiwhakaari i arahina ki te meka e i 1946 ki te 1949 Tovstonogov Georgiy Aleksandrovich, kei te itehia i teie nei i te scenes rerekē ōrite pai te mātaki e rua whare nei te ora whaiaro - te Central tamariki o me te huri haere kiko.

teata Leningrad

Mai 1949, e mutu ai te kaiwhakahaere i roto i te pane a ahurea o Russia - Leningrad, inaianei St Petersburg. Tenei tau, ka e ia tetahi o nga kaiwhakahaere i roto i te 1950 - tino kaiwhakahaere o te Leningrad Theatre o te Lenin Komsomol. I roto i tenei whare tapere hopea whiwhi Tovstonogov kāinga: mahi i runga i whakaari me ngā, te tautururaa i te kaitapere i roto i te fanau'i sino, te whakapai ake i ō rātou pūkenga - i hoatu tenei katoa Georgy Alexandrovich nui pai.

Hoki ratou mahi pai whakawhiwhia Tovstonogov te Stalin ko Lenin Taonga, inaianei ia o tona mahi i roto i te tono i roto i te kotahi pa kore anake, engari ano hoki puta noa i te whenua.

I roto i te tīmatanga o 1956 George Tovstonogov - kaiwhakahaere ki te reta whakapaipai - kua karangatia ki te arahi i te Drama Big Theatre (BDT etc) Gorky. Mai i 1949 ki te 1956 te whare matakitaki ke i te iti rawa e wha kaiwhakahaere. auraa te reira kotahi mea: mutu te whare matakitaki ki te mahi, kahore he tangata ārahi.

Drama Big Theatre (BDT) ki a ratou. BDT

Hoki 6 tau o mahi rite kaiwhakahaere o te Leningrad Theatre o te Lenin Komsomol George Tovstonogov, te ora whaiaro i nei inaianei taupupu tamau, riro te aronga o te iwi whānui e kore anake, engari ano hoki te hunga o te tahi atu whare i roto i Russia, kia ai tona aoniu i tetahi o nga whare tino rongonui i roto i te whenua anake kua whakakaha faatura o te iwi ki a ia.

Ehara i whakaae tonu, haere tonu te kaiwhakahaere Theatre February 13, 1956. Ko reira mārama e i roto i te tikanga ki te hoki te mana o te BDT hiahiatia i te tikanga tuwhena, a whakamahia ratou Tovstonogov. I te ana whakahau, i whakatakotoria ai atu neke atu i te hawhe o te kapa whakakapi, a karangatia e rave rahi kaiwhakaari hou. Life o te whare tapere i ano i roto i te tārere tonu, rite i roto i te ra tawhito.

Ko te wa tapere tuatahi i tukua wha mahi hou, ia o nei i māfana riro e te iwi whānui. Ina e, whakahaere te kaiwhakahaere ki te anō-wero ki te maka, te whare tapere, me tona whakarongo te wahi o te ngākau, i he tūturu i roto i te whare tapere tonu. Otiia kihai i tenei mutu te kaiwhakahaere.

Ka rite ki te kaiwhakahaere o Theatre Tovstonogov mahi ia tata 33 o te tau - me nga tau atu me te ake ia i whakaarahia tona mana i roto i te kanohi Russia inaianei e kore anake, engari te ao katoa. Ka rite ki te hua, te whare tapere, i meinga tona utuafare, poka noa tona ingoa: BDT ratou. BDT.

he whakakapi tika

Haere tonu ki te ahua take o te kaiwhakahaere o BDT tangohia e rua anake: ko te tama a te kaiwhakahaere, me tona mokopuna. A, o te akoranga, ka haere ake tetahi mātakitaki ki te whakaaro, ki te whakatairite i ō rātou ringaringa. Ki te whiriwhiri i te tama, kua he kāhua paku Nä, te mokopuna, te i'oa tonu George Alexandrovich, kahore i matau i te reira, te mea ra rerekē whakahaua ngā. Kia aroha mai, te pūmanawa o te arata'iraa i te mokopuna o BDT kihai i whäkina. I roto i te 2012, i rite te tangata taitamariki, ka mate a George Tovstonogov Jr..

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

Tae noa tona mate, haere George Tovstonogov te whare matakitaki, i ora ai a whakahangia ana mahi, me ngā.

Mei 23, 1989 i roto i te BDT i ki kia tū te tuatahitia o te tākaro hou. kaiwhakahaere nui i whakaritea rā, me te noho i roto i tona waka ake, peia whare ... Heoi, i kore te tiki ia ki te whānau. I roto i te motokā huarahi mutu. George Tovstonogov, he tangata e pau tona ora katoa i runga i te atamira, me te i muri i te scenes i roto i te oaoa o te tahi atu tangata, ko tona auaha pūmanawa atu fakaongosia unuhia i roto o te poka torere o te warewaretanga inaianei whare tapere nui, mate i runga i te wahi. Ko reira anake he mahara roa o ia e ora he tangata mīharo i teie nei, a ka ora ake ake.