He aha te mea pararopi? He aha te mea pararopi oneone: te hanganga me ngā āhuatanga o maniua

Ki tenei ariā kua ki te kanohi i te rota o te iwi, engari e mohio e kore te katoa he aha te pararopi. Iritihia mai Latin te "te pararopi" tikanga "whenua", "oneone" me ko te taonga organic matua kei roto ngā matūkai e e faufaa ki ngā tipu.

no hoki matū humic ki te rōpū motuhake o matū pūhui āhuatanga o cover oneone te fenua nei, arā, he motuhake ki te oneone anake. He pono e ko te pararopi, reira te inaianei mārama, me aha e titiro i te reira? Toenga i tipu, kararehe, me papapūata rite ki te hua o ngā taunekeneke ki te wāhanga ngā o te taiao.

Ko kaua uaua te hanganga matū o te pararopi. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e te tae pouri, i te mea e ngaro i roto i ngā tipu. Ko te hanganga ngā te waikawa rawa nui te pararopi humic kei roto i te rota o te waro (e pā ana ki 60%), te hāora (e pā ana ki 35%), te hauota (toharite 5%), ūkuikui, whanariki, rino, a na i runga i. I runga i te i mua, whai reira tetahi atu whakahoki ki te pātai i te mea pararopi. Pararopi - fakatahai te wā matū nui matatini kei roto i tona hanganga te wahi organic (humic me waikawa fulvic), pūhui pararopi (huānga matū he he takenga pararopi, ranei i roto i nga kupu atu, i nga kohuke, e te hunga i roto i te humates me fulvates). Ko te kōrero i tenei inaianei i roto i te kōrero atu.

Ka rite ki te mea i hanga ai te pararopi?

Ki te ariā o te pararopi kua tutaki koe i te pātai tuwhera e whai ake tonu e he pararopi oneone, me pehea te hua i te reira? Pararopi oneone - e kore he mea, engari he hua ururua o ngā rauropi, rawa noke. He roa te tukanga o te hanganga o te pararopi.

Otaota, hua pūkoro tinana o tinana kararehe - he kai mo te rauropi e ora i roto i te oneone tenei katoa. Ētahi wahi o reira mineralization Nireaha, me tetahi atu - matüora kinonga enzymatic me hāora (humification), i roto i nei i hanga te kōtuitui o ngā pūhui matū waro, me te pararopi te. Pararopi kaha ki reira, me te waikawa humic, e e te mutunga tahuri, hua oxidized ki te hauhā me te wai. He mea tino nui e te ara te huringa o te pararopi - whakawhirinaki tika i runga i ngā takiwā makariri te oneone, me te - mineralization humification ranei. I roto i te climates tika mahana me te takawai, tupu te tukanga piti hāora rawa hohoro, a tata te amo katoa otaota mineralized e kore e kohikohi i roto i te pararopi oneone. I roto i climates makariri roa panoni amo moka, a ka he iti to ratou maha, hua i roto i te ihirangi pararopi oneone iti. Tino pai mō te humification he climates āhua kahore mākū.

Heoi, i te runga ake ka taea e tatou e te utu i te whakatau e tika ana:

1. ki te tiki pai te kotinga, i te tipu me noa hauhā;
2. te hauhā i roto i te oneone, e te nuinga o i hanga e te whāwehe o kararehe, me te tipu koiora toenga taunekeneke ki wāhanga rerekē o te taiao (microorganisms, pepeke, kutukutu, harore, me ētahi atu);
3. hangarua toenga organic o tipu, kararehe me papapūata me puka pararopi te pararopi, i te mea he wāhanga faufaa o te fertility oneone.

mahi o te pararopi

1. mahi tinana. Hangaia e te reira i te hanganga oneone kaha, ai whakarato i te tohanga pai o te wai e hiahiatia ana te pāmahana rangi me këtia e te tupu pai o pakiaka i roto i te oneone. whai wāhi hoki te pararopi ki hoatu arotau marama oneone, me te whakakaewa raru oneone.
2. mahi Chemical. Ko ia he toa nui o ngā matūkai. Ka rite ki te hua o ngā pararopi microorganisms decomposes ki te wā (tukanga mineralization), hua i roto i te tuku o te herehere i roto i te hauota ki roto, ūkuikui, pāhare pāporo me ētahi atu āhuatanga.
3. Ko te mahi koiora. hanga te pararopi tikanga pai mo te whanaketanga, me te atu i te mahi o ngā microorganisms.

momo o te pararopi

• Mor (pararopi podzolic oneone). Pararopi Ko te tino taratara tenei momo, kei roto i te nui o detritus, hanga he mahi koiora iti i roto i te huru waikawa o te taiao tauhohenga.
• Moder (pararopi kohuatia-podzolic oneone), i hanga nei i te waenganui o te mahi koiora i raro i te reo tauhohenga waikawa me taunekeneke ngoikore ki te oneone kohuke.
• Mullen (pararopi chernozem) hanga i mahi koiora tiketike rawa i raro i te reo tauhohenga kūpapa, mātātoa pāhekoheko ki te oneone kohuke.
• Anmoor (pararopi kohuatia-gley oneone), i hanga nei i roto i te oneone repo rangitahi.
• Aligotrofny Peat, i te mea "rawakore i roto i te pararopi" repo.
• Ko te momo whakamutunga - Peat eutrofny, i te mea "taonga i roto i te pararopi" te repo.

Te tikanga o te pararopi i roto i fertility oneone

Kei te mātātoa te whai wāhi te pararopi i te tukanga o te hanganga oneone. nui ia te tūranga tino nui tika i roto i te hanganga o te kōtaha oneone. whai wāhi te pararopi ki hononga o matūriki oneone ki māpele (kapia), hanga ana e ia he hanganga agronomic tino, me te pai mo te whakato ora ngā āhuatanga ōkiko o te oneone. Kei reira ngā matūkai faufaa mō ngā tipu me te ngā āhuatanga wahi e riro wātea ki te whakato i muri i te tukanga mineralization.

matū humic he kai mō microorganisms oneone. I runga i te ihirangi o te pararopi i roto i te oneone, tei runga i te kaha o ngā tukanga matū, me te koiora e meinga te haaputuputuraa o matū e tika ana mō ngā tipu. whai wāhi hoki te pararopi ki hoatu te oneone te tae pouri, ko te kupu te whenua pai absorbs pūngao kōmaru.

Te hanganga me te āhuatanga o te pararopi

Tenei tongi Ko te matatini ngā pūhui matū waro matatini hihiri e kua hanga e i roto i te whāwehe o ngā toenga waro.

I roto i te hanganga o te pararopi oneone he taea ki te tohatoha i te wahi motuhake (āhua 90%) arā, o ngā matū humic me wahi kore-motuhake (te toenga o) arā, o ngā matū waro negumifitsirovannyh. Oneone matū humic, i tahuri, aroaro:

• waikawa humic - nui taimaha hauota-kei roto ngā pūhui matū waro rāpoi he hanganga huringa, e kore wairewa i roto i te wai, me te waikawa, engari wairewa i roto i te kawakore ngoikore, o te waikawa humic ngā waiwaro (āhua 50%), hauwai (5%), te hāora (40%), te hauota (5%);
• humates, i hanga e te pāhekoheko o ngā waikawa humic ki te oneone kohuke; He tino wairewa i roto i te wai humates kawakore, reira hanga rongoā colloidal; e kore e memeha i roto i te puka wai te hanganga wai-ātete humates rite konupūmā me te konupora;
• waikawa fulvic - nui taimaha hauota-kei roto rāpoi waikawa organic rewa i roto i te wai, ngā waikawa me rongoā kawakore, i roto i te tua, e wairewa i roto i te tahi mau whakarewa organic ratou; He waikawa fulvic i te waro, te hauwai, te hāora, me te hauota, he hoki utu te whakahua e whai wāhi enei waikawa ki te whakangaromanga kaha o te kohuke oneone.

Te tikanga te pararopi mō ngā tipu

e kore te nga hua katoa o matū humic mohiotia tonu, na ko nga mea matua anake, mau hutia i roto i te ariā me te mahi i te whai ake.

Ko te kupu, te pararopi - he tongi e whakatairanga:

1. whakaongaonga respiration o tipu noa i roto i te kaimahi whakapeka o te hāora;
2. whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā hua ahuwhenua;
3. whakarei ahotakakame, whakaongaonga te mahi o whākōkī e kua pā hāngai ki te tauhohenga photosynthetic;
4. tere waka me te tohanga o te matūkai tonu i roto i te tipu;
5. tupu me te whanaketanga o te tipu;
6. Te karanga hutia me te whanaketanga whatukuhu;
7. resilience ki ngā pānga kino waho;
8. hanganga o pūhui pūmau ki ngā konganuku, te absorption o Phosphate, pākawa me te tini ke atu;
9. hua kawatanga i runga i ngā mata pakiaka;
10. whakanui i te tipu ātete ki te mahi o ngā patukīrea, me te waipatutaru, whakaiti i te haaputuputuraa o ratou i roto i te hua whakamutunga.

Ko te whakamahi o ngā matū humic i roto i te rongoa

E ai ki nga hua o ngā whakamātautau whakahaere Pūtaiao ki te tautuhi he aha te pararopi, taero, e kua hāngai ngā taea te whakamahi matū humic i roto i to tatou mau taime rongoā tangata, me te kararehe rite te taero kore-motuhake e whakarei ake ātete o te tinana ki te pānga o ngā pūmate.

te tīariari kē taero Medical i runga i matū humic raraunga tenei ra i runga i te mākete. Kei te mātātoa whakamahia ratou i roto i te maimoatanga o sciatica momo ngā o mate o nga taringa, me te ihu, pharyngitis, Rhinitis, rumati, rumati, arthrosis me maha atu mate. Ko te painga o enei taero he e he ratou kore-paitini.

Ngaro o matū humic

E haere mai ki te mutunga arorau o te aamu e he pararopi oneone i runga i tona hanganga, ngā āhuatanga me ngā mahi. Ko te mea anake e hiahia ana ahau ki te tāpiri i, te reira i te tahi kupu e pā ana ki te mea ngaro o matū humic. Ko te pai mōhiotia rite, e kore e ratou moku, ki te hanganga matū tamau, e kore ratou e whai i te taimaha rāpoi motuhake me te tae kotahi tonu. Kei te tonu te ako matū humic Utaina, pūtaiao oneone, hydrobiologists, rata, taka rongoā i, i roto i te tikanga ki te whakamārama i te mea ngaro katoa e penapena i roto i a ratou, matapae nei, ka wetewete i te rota atu.