He aha te mea te papanga hipoki? Te uhi papanga: mahi me hanganga o ngā pūtau āhuatanga

Papanga - he huinga o ngā pūtau, piri e te hanganga rite, me te mahi, me te taonga intercellular. Mai i papanga i hanga tinana, e, i roto i te tahuri, i whai ahua ai te pūnaha tinana. Te nuinga o kaiao multicellular ngā o maha ngā momo o te kiko.

kanorau

Pūtaiao e tuatapapa i te kiko (histology), miramira tokomaha o ratou momo.

Ngā momo o te kopa kararehe :

• huinga;
• uaua;
• io;
• te kiko hipoki (epithelial);

Ngā momo o te tipu te kopa:

• MĀTAURANGA (meristem);
• parenchyma;
• te papanga hipoki;
• aunoa;
• puha;
• conductive.

Ia o nga momo o papanga fakatahai maha ngā momo.

Ngā momo o kiko tūhonohono:

• matotoru;
• wewete;
• reticular;
• wheua ngohe;
• wheua;
• ngako;
• lymphoma;
• toto.

Ngā momo o uaua kiko :

• maeneene;
• striated;
• ngakau.

Ngā momo o papanga mātauranga :

• apical;
• taha;
• intercalary.

Ngā momo o papanga conductive :

• kōtai;
• kōkai.

Ngā momo o te kiko aunoa:

• kolenhima;
• sclerenchyma.

Mō ngā momo, hanganga me ngā mahi o te papanga hipoki o kararehe me ngā otaota ka kia kōrero i roto i te taipitopito atu i raro.

Āhuatanga o te hanganga o te papanga paninga. mōhiohio whānui

Āhuatanga o te hanganga o te papanga paninga tika ki tona ūnga. Ahakoa i reira he maha ngā momo o tenei momo o te kikokiko, he rite katoa ratou.

Ko reira tonu te maha nui o ngā pūtau, me te taonga intercellular iti. E tū tata ki tahi i te tahi matūriki hanganga. Ko te hanganga o te papanga paninga me tonu whakarato takotoranga mārama o ngā pūtau i roto i te wāhi. i te whakamutunga e tonu kei te wahi o runga, me te raro, me te wahi o runga ofi ange ki te mata tinana. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga, āhuatanga nei i te te hanganga o te papanga paninga, he e te pai regenerated reira. He poto-ora ona pūtau. E taea e ki te faaite hohoro, e tika ana ki nei kei te tonu whakahou te kiko ratou.

papanga Taumahi paninga

Tuatahi o te katoa tākaro ratou he tūranga paruru, wehe i te taiao ā-i te ao waho.

Ratou ano kawe i whakawhitinga me ngā mahi puha. E mea pinepine, ngā te papanga hipoki te ki kōputaputa ki te whakarite i tēnei. Ko te mahi matua whakamutunga - receptor.

Ko tētahi momo o te kiko paninga i roto i nga kararehe - epithelium glandular - mahi mahi secretory.

Paninga tipu kiko

E toru ngā momo o ratou:

• tuatahi;
• Tuarua;
• Ētahi atu.

Ko te kopa cover tuatahi i roto i ngā tipu ngā te kiriwaho me te exoderm. Ko te tuatahi ko i runga i te mata o rau me te taitamariki ngā tātā, me te tuarua - i te pakiaka.

Ko te papanga paninga tuarua - periderm. Kua taupokina ia atu pakeke tātā.

I tua atu i te hipoki papanga - kirinuku ritidom ranei.

Ko nga kiriwaho: hanganga me te mahi

Ko te whāinga matua o tenei momo o te papanga - ki te whakarato i tiaki o ngā otaota i maroke atu. puta ia i roto i ngā kaiao, no te haere mai ratou ki uta. Hoki pükohu, ko te kiriwaho tonu e kore e reira, engari nga otaota spore-amo ko reira kua reira.

He uhi pūtau papanga o tenei momo he taiepa i waho thickened. He pūtau katoa i roto i te whakapā tata ki tahi i te tahi.

I roto i ngā tipu teitei, taupokina te mata katoa te ki cuticle kiko - apa o cutin ware pi.

Ko te hanganga o te tipu taupoki papanga whakarato hoki te roa motuhake - stomata. He tika hoki te wai, utu hau me te pāmahana ture ratou. i hanga taputapu Stomatal e pūtau motuhake: e rua taha tikanga tuwhera, me te rave rahi. rerekē ngā pūtau kaitiaki i te tahi atu nui haere te maha o chloroplasts. I tua atu, kāore thickened ratou taiepa. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga o te hanganga o ngā pūtau kaitiaki - te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā pungaraungao me leucoplasts ki ngā matūkai anō.

Stomata i roto i ngā tipu teitei e kei i runga i te rau, te tikanga i runga i te o te taha, engari ki te te tipu te wai - i te tihi.

Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga o te kiriwaho - te aroaro o makawe, trichomes ranei. ai ratou ngā o te pūtau kotahi maha ranei. kia makawe glandular rite, mo te tauira, i te Ongaonga.

periderm

He āhuatanga o te tipu teitei e whai kakau kākano tenei momo o te taupoki papanga.

ngā o toru paparanga Periderm. Waenganui - phellogen - he faufaa. A, no te wehewehe ona pūtau āta i hanga te paparanga waho - fellema (ngongo) me te ā-- phelloderm.

Ko te mahi matua o te periderm - ko te tiaki o otaota ki kino aunoa, te kătahi o kaiao pathogenic, me te whakarato pāmahana noa. whakaratohia te mahi whakamutunga e te paparanga waho - fellemoy no te mea ki tonu ona pūtau i te rangi.

Taumahi me te hanganga o te kirinuku

Kei a ia ko mate pūtau kiri phellogen. I tua atu ko te papanga hipoki i runga i te waho, huri noa i te periderm.

Ko te mahi matua o te kirinuku - te tiaki o otaota i kino me pāmahana tino.

e kore e taea e ki te faaite i te pūtau o tenei kiko. Pūtau rite tahi atu te kopa roto te wehea. Āta kirinuku totoro, reira te whakanui ake i te diameter o te kātua rākau. Heoi, i tenei papanga kua he elasticity feunga iti no te riro ona pūtau pūhera cornified rawa mārō. I roto i tenei whakaaro, ka tīmata te kirinuku ki te anganga hohoro.

Te uhi papanga i roto i te ao kararehe

Momo o te uhi kopa o te kararehe, ko te nui ake kanorau atu i roto i ngā tipu. Kia titiro tatou ratou i roto i ngā kōrero.

Tei runga i te hanganga tohatoha enei momo o taupoki te kopa i roto i te kararehe: he-apa kotahi, me te maha-apa epithelium. Kei te wehea te āhua o te pūtau tuatahi ki pūtoru, flat, me te porotakaroa. Tei runga i te mahi o te kopa, me ētahi āhuatanga o tona hanganga wehewehe glandular tairongo, epithelium ciliated.

He ko tetahi whakarōpū o te kiriwaho - i runga i te kikokiko e i hanga i nei te reira i roto i te whanaketanga o te ira rānei. E ai ki tenei parau tumu e taea te tāutuhia epidermal, enterodermalny, tselonefrodermalny, ependimoglialny me ngā momo angiodermalny o epithelium. Origin i hanga i te ectoderm. Nuinga o ngā wā ko reira maha-papanga, engari tupu te reira, a multilane (pseudostratified).

Enterodermalny i hanga i te kiriroto, he reira kotahi-apa. Tselonefrodermalny i hanga i te kiriwai. Tenei momo o kotahi-apa epithelium, taea e te mea pūtoru papatahi ranei. Ependimoglialny - epithelium motuhake e rārangi nga kōwhao o te roro. Kei te hanga e te reira i te ngongo neural embryonic ko te paparanga kotahi, flat. Angiodermalny i hanga i mesenchyme, kua tū ki runga ki te taha ki roto o te oko. Ētahi kairangahau huanga tenei e kore ki te epithelial kikokiko, a ki te hononga.

Hanganga me te mahi

Āhuatanga pani kararehe takoto kiko i roto i te meka e kei nga pūtau tata rawa ki te tahi atu, tata kore taonga intercellular ia.

Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga - te aroaro o te basement membrane. Kei te hanga e te reira e te mahi o ngā pūtau, me te uhi kiko tūhonohono. Ko te matotoru o te membrane basal ko e pā ana ki te 1 micron. Kei a ia ko e rua paraharaha: marama, me te pouri. Ko te tuatahi ko te rauemi amorphous ki te ihirangi pūmua iti, katote konupūmā taonga, e whakarato kōrero i waenganui i ngā pūtau. he maha nui o collagen me ētahi atu hanganga fibrillar e whakarato te kaha ki te membrane paraharaha pouri kua. I tua atu, i roto i te pereti pouri kei fibronectin me laminin, e he tika mo te mahi whakaora i o te epithelium.

epithelium papanga he hanganga matatini nui atu i te paparanga kotahi. Hei tauira, epithelium matotoru o te kiri ngā o e rima ngā papa: basal, spinous, potakataka nei, pīataata, me te horny. Ko te pūtau o ia paparanga i hanganga rerekē. Ko te pūtau o te paparanga basal rerekē āhua porotakaroa, paparanga spinous - i roto i te āhua tapamaha, potakataka nei - rhomboid, ngingila - flat whāriki - pūtau he kawe mai mate tonu i te keratin.

Functions o te kiko epithelial - ko ki te tiaki i te tinana ki kino mīhini, me te ngāwhā i te kătahi o tukumate. Ētahi momo o epithelium i mahi motuhake. Hei tauira, glandular kawenga mō te secretion o hormones me ētahi atu matū pērā i tae turi, werawera, te waiu, me ētahi atu.

A tuu i ngā momo rerekē o te epithelium i roto i te tinana

Hoki whākinga o tenei kaupapa ko te tepu.

momo epithelium	hea
flat	kōhao Oral, awa ihu, pū kai
porotakaroa	Ko te taha ki roto o te kopu, whēkau
pūtoru	tubules tākihi
tairongo	kōhao nasal
ciliated	Airways
glandular	repe
kāhui tāngata	paparanga kiri o runga (cuticle, kiriwaho)

Ētahi o ēnei momo i mahi motuhake. Hei tauira, e pa i te kiriwaho, i te i roto i te ihu, ko ia te kawenga mō te tetahi o nga rongo e rima - te tikanga o te kakara.

ngā kitenga

āhuatanga te papanga hipoki e rua tipu me ngā kararehe. I roto i te tuarua, ko ratou noa ake kanorau, whai hanganga matatini atu me te mahi i atu mahi.

E o momo e toru paninga tipu kiko: tuatahi, tuarua, me te ake. Ko te āhuatanga tuatahi o otaota katoa, ki te kahore pükohu, tuarua - mo te hunga e aukati tetahi wahi whakapakeke, ake - no te tipu ki te kakau tino oderevenevayuschim.

E huaina hipoki te kopa kararehe epithelial. He he maha o whakarōpūtanga i te maha o ngā papa i roto i te puka o ngā pūtau, nga mahi, kia rite ki te puna o te hanganga. E ai ki te whakarōpū tuatahi, i reira te mea he epithelium kotahi-apa, me te maha-apa. te rua nga ngā te papa rawa, pūtoru, porotakaroa, ciliated. Tuatoru - tairongo, glandular. E ai ki te tuawha, i reira he epidermal, enterodermalny, tselonefrodermalny, ependimoglialny me te epithelium angiodermalny.

Ko te whakaaro matua o te nuinga o papanga paninga me nga kararehe, me ngā tipu momo - tiaki te tinana i tetahi kai o te taiao o waho, te pāmahana ture.