Ko te pūmanawa kawehiko - ko te rerekētanga pea hiko i waenganui i te kawehiko me te kawehiko. Takanga o taua kaha e tika ana piti utu e he ritenga i roto i te tohu i te wehenga atanga wāhanga ki te hanga i te paparanga rua hiko. Ko te wehenga mokowā o utu i te atanga i waenganui i te kawehiko whakarewa me te otinga kawehiko tika ki taua ari rite te whakawhitinga o te katote maitai i roto i te otinga i roto i te tukanga o te haamauraa i te taurite iahiko me te adsorption o katote i te kawehiko i te mata kawehiko; hau displacement waho te wini whakakahokaho katote karaihe pai whakatupato; Coulomb-kore adsorption o katote ngā rāpoi ngota o te wai i te kawehiko ranei. Ngā mihi ki te muri e rua ari kawehiko pea e kore ko te kore, ara, ki te, ka he rite ki te tiaki o te mata whakarewa kore. Ko te tino whakamahia uara o te pūmanawa o te kawehiko kotahi e kore e tautuhi hoki tenei tikanga ko te rite o te tohutoro me te electrodes whakamātautau. Ko rite ki te nui o te pūmanawa kawehiko te Ākinga Pūngao (EMF) , whiwhi i roto i te ara iahiko iahiko. Hoki rongoā e hāngai ana te wai-he reira noa ki te whakamahi i electrodes hauwai. E whakamahia āhuatanga Angamaheni o tenei momo rite tohutoro i roto i te whānuitanga o inenga iahiko, a hoki i roto i ngā pūrere hiko. Hauwai kawehiko - he waea he paraharaha hanga o konganuku e absorbs korohū hauwai ranei (maha whakamahi konukawata palladium ranei). kukū taua pereti-waea i te hauwai i pēhanga kōhauhau me te ka rumakina i roto i te wairewa taonga i roto i ngā katote hauwai. Ko hautanga ki te kukū o ngā katote i roto i te otinga i te pūmanawa o te rihi taua. Ko te huānga, ko te paearu, te whanganga reira whanaunga ki te pūmanawa kawehiko o te tauhohenga matū.
I roto i te whakaminenga o pūtau iahiko e hāngai ana i runga i hauwai me ngā pūrere tautuhia i runga i te mata o te whakarewa rōpū konukawata rere tauhohenga (reversible), e te tikanga ranei tukanga whakaora ranei hāora. Momo o te tukanga tei runga i te kaha o te huānga tauhohenga haere tonu. whakaritea hauwai kawehiko pea te ki kia kore ka te pēhanga hauwai ko e pā ana ki tetahi huru, te kukū iraoho o te otinga - kotahi mol ia rita, me te pāmahana - 298 K. Ki te huānga tātarihia i roto i nga tikanga tohutoro, i.e. ka te mahi katote e pa i te kaha o te kōwae, me pēhanga hau - 0.101 MPa, huaina tenei uara ko te pūmanawa paerewa. Na roto i te ine i te EMF o te kawehiko iahiko i roto i ngā āhuatanga paerewa, te tātai i te pūmanawa kawehiko paerewa o te tauhohenga matū. Tikanga, whanganga tenei uara i raro tikanga i reira katoa te mahi pea-tauhohenga thermodynamic rite ki te kotahitanga, me te pēhanga hau ko te 0.01 * 105Pa. whakaaro te pūmanawa o te huānga takina te ki kia pai ki te he "puna o nāianei" aratau i roto i te ara iahiko waho nga irahiko neke i mahue ki matau, me i roto i te kawehiko - te matūriki pai i ako.