He aha te mea te pūnaha reo me tona hanganga?

He aha te mea te pūnaha reo? He aha hanga reira rerekē i maha atu kaunuku ngā reo? pūnaha Reo Ko te huinga o ngā huānga reo. Ko reira mahu'inga e kore e tīariari ratou e ratou, engari e tata hono. Na hanga he pūnaha kotahi, me te oti. Ia o ona wāhanga i te tetahi auraa.

hanganga

Ko hohore waho te wae o te pūnaha Reo reo, taumata, pūāhua, a na i runga i. D. katoa o enei huānga e takai ki te hanganga whānui ki te nahanaha tino. Fakataha hanga he iti nui wāhanga whakaritea ki ngā taumata teitei. pūnaha Reo ngā te papakupu. Kei te whakaaro te reira i rārangi, e ngā rite-hanga wae o te reo. Ko te tikanga o te hononga ko wetereo.

I roto i nga reo i reira e te tahi mau wāhi e he tino rerekē i ia atu i roto i o ratou āhuatanga. Hei tauira, kia rerekē ai me ratou ōritetanga. Ko te kupu, e ahei o te huri i te reo katoa rite te katoa te huringa o ara kotahi huānga o weteoro, te mea i roto i te take o te kupu o tenei e kore e tupu. I tua atu, i te pūnaha ngā te taha me te pokapū.

Ko te ariā o te hanganga

I tua atu ki te wā "pūnaha reo", tangohia ano te ariā o te hanganga reo. whakaaro ētahi wetereo fenāpasi ratou, etahi - kore. rerekē ngā whakamārama, engari i roto ia ratou i reira e te rongonui tino. E ai ki te tetahi o ratou, ua faaite te hanganga o te reo i roto i te hononga i waenganui i ona āhuatanga. Hoki rite ki ngā ki te anga. Ka taea te whakaaro te hanganga o te reo i te huinga o whanaunga auau me ngā hononga i waenganui i ngā waeine o te reo. E meinga ratou e āhua me te tohu i te mahi me ngā āhuatanga o te pūnaha.

kōrero

Attitude ki te reo rite te pūnaha tipu i runga i maha tenetere. I whakatakotoria tenei tirohanga e grammarians onamata. Heoi, i roto i te tikanga hou o te "pūnaha reo" wā puta noa i roto i te hou wa whakawhetai ki te mahi o taua pūtaiao tairanga rite Ferdinand de Saussure, Wilhelm von Humboldt, August Schleicher ko Ivan Boduen de Courtenay.

Ko te whakamutunga o enei wetereo tāutuhia te wae reo tino nui: oro, grapheme, tūtahi. Saussure ko te kaiwhakaū o te whakaaro e te reo (te pūnaha) he ritenga ki te kupu. whakawhanakehia tenei ako ana akonga me pǐpǐ. Heoi i reira ko te ako katoa - wetereo hanganga.

taumata

Ko te taumata taketake he pūnaha reo Aratiatia (i huaina ano hoki pūnaha). Ēnei ngā wae reo ōrite. Ia taumata he ona huinga ake o ngā ture e hāngai ana e te tona whakarōpū. I roto i te kōwae taumata tohanga kotahi tomo ki te hononga (hei tauira, i whai ahua ai te tono me ngā kīanga). I te wa ano, kia kia whakaurua āhuatanga o ngā taumata rerekē i roto i tetahi ki tetahi. Ko te kupu, Kei te tūtahi o phonemes me kupu - o te tūtahi.

taumata matua o te pūnaha reo he wahi o tetahi reo. tāutu i wetereo e rave rahi o taua rarangi: morphemic, phonemic, syntactic (uhinga ki tono) a wetereo (ie-waha ..). I roto i ētahi atu, i reira he taumata teitei o te reo. Ratou āhuatanga ko te "wae-iu rua," ie, te hunga wae reo e whai ngā o te ihirangi me te whakapuaki. Ko te kupu he taumata teitei, hei tauira, he pū.

puka taumata

Ko te āhuatanga taketake mō te hanga o te pūnaha reo ko te whakawāhanga o te awa kupu. Kei te whakaaro te reira ki te hei i te timatanga o te kōwhiringa o ngā kīanga tauākī ranei. tākaro ratou te tūranga o ngā waeine kōrero. Ko te pūnaha o te awa kupu reo e hāngai ana ki te taumata syntactic. Ko te wāhanga tuarua o te whakawāhanga - tauākī wehenga. Ka rite ki te hua, i hanga e ia puka kupu. ngā ratou mahi heterogeneous - whanaunga, takenga, nominative. Kua tāutuhia ngā puka kupu i roto i nga kupu tohu ranei.

Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, te pūnaha o tohu reo ko e te hunga i te taumata wetereo. Kei te hanga e te reira i ngā kupu. e pā ana te wāhanga i muri o te whakawāhanga te ki te tuku i roto i te rere kupu o nga wae iti. Ko ratou i huaina morphs. E ōrite tikanga wetereo, me te wetereo etahi o ratou. morphs tahi ēnei i roto i te tūtahi.

oti te whakawāhanga o te awa kupu ko te tuku o wāhanga iti o te kupu - oro. rerekē ratou i roto i o ratou āhuatanga ōkiko. Ko ratou mahi (Motuhake) ko te taua. E tāutuhia oro i roto i te kōwae reo noa. Kei te karangatia e te reira i te oro - te wāhanga iti o te reo. Ka taea te māngai reira rite te iti (engari nui) pereki i roto i te hanga reo nui. Mā te pūnaha tangi i hanga te reo taumata oro.

wae o te reo

Kia titiro a ki te pehea te kōwae o te pūnaha rerekē i te tahi atu ona huānga reo. Ko te take i he irreducible ratou. Ko te kupu, Ko tenei taahiraa te raro i roto i te reo arawhata. Units i te maha o te whakarōpū. Hei tauira, kua wehea ratou e te tangi anga aroaro. I roto i tenei take, wae pērā i morphemes, phonemes me kupu, hinga ana ki te rōpū kotahi. E whakaaro ana ratou ki te hei rauemi i roto i taua whai ratou he anga tangi tamau. I roto i te tahi atu rōpū e hanga i te tauira o ngā kīanga, kupu, me ngā rerenga kōrero. E huaina ēnei wae whanaunga-rauemi, rite i te whakatakiruatanga o ratou tikanga whai hua.

hāngai ana tētahi atu whakarōpū te rite ki mēnā ake koutou wahi o te uara pūnaha. Ko te tohu nui tenei. E wehewehea wae Material o te reo ki tetahi-ara (te hunga e kore e nei i o ratou uara) me më (fakakoloa'i ki tikanga). E ratou (te kupu, me te tūtahi) ingoa tetahi. E mohiotia ēnei wae rite teitei reo wae.

ako pūnahanaha o te reo, me ona āhuatanga e kore e tu tonu. Kua reira teie mahana i te au, kia rite ki nei i whai wehea te ariā o "kotahitanga" me "huānga". Ko te āhuatanga āhua hou tenei. Kei te whiwhi te reira i rongonui ariā e rite te ihirangi o te mahere me te mahere o ngā huānga faaiteraa o te reo e rerekē whaiaro-kore. I roto i tenei rerekē ratou i te wae.

He aha ētahi atu āhuatanga āhuatanga e te pūnaha reo? rerekē wae reo i ia atu functionally, qualitatively me te ine nui. Na roto i tenei tangata, ko te mōhio ki taua kanorau reo hohonu, me te whānui.

āhuatanga pūnaha

Supporters o structuralism whakapono e āhuatanga te pūnaha reo o te reo Russian (ranei tetahi atu) e rave rahi mau huru - mārō, katia me conditioning unambiguous. He he he tirohanga kōaro. Kei te māngai te reira i comparativists. whakapono ratou e reo rite te pūnaha reo he hihiri, me te tuwhera ki te huri i. E tautokona whānuitia whakaaro rite i roto i te wāhi hou o wetereo.

Otiia e kore e ara kaitautoko o te ariā o te akiakinga me rerekētanga o te reo whakakahore te meka e tetahi pūnaha o tikanga reo kua he tetahi pūmautanga. Kei te meinga te reira e te āhuatanga o te hanganga, i mahi rite te ture e tika ana i te momo o ngā āhuatanga reo. rerekētanga mita me te pūmautanga. Kei te hoariri ratou hinaaro. Tetahi kupu i roto i te pūnaha reo rerekē i runga i nei āhuatanga tetahi e te mana nui.

wae āhuatanga

nui hoki te kotuituitanga o te pūnaha reo tētahi atu take - he āhuatanga o ngā wae reo. whakakitea ratou natura i roto i ngā ki ia atu. I te tahi taime karanga wetereo āhuatanga mahi pūnaha e hanga i ratou. E wehea ēnei āhuatanga ki waho, me te ā. Tei te whakamutunga i runga i te whanaungatanga me ngā hononga whakawhanake i waenganui i ngā waeine ratou. E awe āhuatanga waho i te reo o whanaunga ki te ao i waho, te parau mau o whakaaro me mau mana'o tangata.

Ko te wae hanga he pūnaha e tika ana ki ō rātou hononga. rerekē te āhuatanga o ēnei whanaungatanga. Ētahi hāngai ki te mahi kōrerorero o te reo. whakaata etahi te hononga i waenganui i te reo, me te tikanga roro tangata - te puna o ona ake oraraa. E mea pinepine, enei momo e rua e rite whakairoiro ki te titaha whakapae, me te poutū.

taumata ine pānga me ngā waeine

tohaina pūnaha (taumata ranei) te reo e ki te i roto i te whānui kua reira nga āhuatanga matua katoa o te reo pūnaha. Ka rite ki te mea e hiahiatia ana i te reira o te tautukunga ki constructiveness. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, kia whai wāhi te taumata o te kōwae i te whakahaere o nga rarangi, kei runga ake te atamira. I roto i te reo e tūhonohono katoa, me te kore ona wahi o reira e kore e taea te tīariari motuhake i te toenga o te tinana.

rerekē Āhuatanga pūnaha i roto i te kounga i te āhuatanga o te wae e hanga tona taumata raro. Ko te tino nui tenei wāhi. kua oti te whakarite āhuatanga taumata anake e waeine o te reo tomo tika ki tona hanganga. he tauira taua ko te āhuatanga nui. Wetereo ngana ki te tapaea reo rite te pūnaha maha-ATE - he ngana ki te waihanga i tētahi kaupapa tono pai rerekē. Ka taea te huaina utopian te whakaaro rite. rerekē tino tauira ariā i mahi tūturu. Ahakoa nga arero tino, ehara i te mea he pūnaha hangarite, me te tahi tino. Ko te aha i roto i wetereo kia maha aweretanga ki nga ture e mohio katoa tonu i te kura.