History o Smolensk: te ra o te whakaoranga o Smolensk

Tata kua nga pa Russian ona ake kōrero hautoa ahurei, engari i tenei ra ka arotahi tatou i runga i St Petersburg - tetahi o matamua nga pa Russian, kei pā ana ki 400 km i Moscow, i roto i te ahunga ki te tonga-hauauru. I mua i haere mai tatou ki te kaupapa o "Day o te whakaoranga o Smolensk i whakaeke Nasí", haamana'o poto te kōrero matua, me te pa pokapū o Smolensk, i te mea te tino taonga i roto i ngā kaupapa rerekē.

pa pourewa,

Ko te whakahua tuatahi o Smolensk kitea i roto i meatanga Ustiug, tuhia 862-865 tau. Ki te 882, ko te pa te wahi o te kāwanatanga Kievan, kapo Prince Oleg me whakawhiti reira ki te kingitanga o Prince Ikoa. puta ia i roto i te tawhito ara hokohoko hītori. ko Smolensk he wahi nui o te hokohoko me te mahi toi, i meinga hoki te pokapū iwi Krivichy Slavic me te pourewa hōia.

Ko te pātai o te ra o te whakaoranga o Smolensk i te kau Nasí i roto i te tikanga ki te pai matau tenei pikitia, e hiahia ana koe he iti ake maheni ki te torutoru ngā kaupapa nui mō te pa. Āta, Kei te whakawhanake i te reira ōhanga, i roto i te rau tau XII, whakatika reira ki te pokapū whakahaere, me te ahurea o te rangatiratanga Smolensk. arahina taupori o te pa he hokohoko ora, whakaritea e te kirimana i 1229, ki nga iwi Baltic me Riga. I roto i te wā i 1404 ki te 1514 nga tau, ko te pa te wahi o te Duchy Grand o Lithuania.

Ko te whawhai mo te pa

I roto i te 1410 whai wāhi Smolensk whata ki Polish me ngā waeine hōia Lithuanian i te pakanga o Grunwald.

I roto i te 1596-1602 gg. i karapotia Smolensk e te taiepa kohatu, he pa kaha hangaia e te kaihoahoa o te Smolenschiny Fedor Kon. Tenei pa, me te ingoa i muri i te whenua Russian tahei kohatu.

I roto i te korero o Smolensk, e rā i 1609-1611 tau., Ka mau te pa te amo i roto i 1654, riro ano ia Russian.

Ra o te whakaoranga o Smolensk i te Wīwī

I roto i te aamu o Smolensk he mea tino nui ki te whakahua i te tau 1812 - i roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao, ka ko te pa i raro i te whawhai tahoê ope Russian o Bagration me Barclay de Tolly ki te ope a Napoleon. Ko te whakaoranga o Smolensk i te wikitoria French puta Whiringa 4, 1812. Smolensk pa i tenei wa i puhoi pakaru.

I roto i te rau tau XIX ka reira he pa hub o ngā rārangi rerewē rima, a reira te utu i te pa ki runga rawa hohoro. I te timatanga o te rau tau XIX reira i pā ana ki 20 hinonga ahumahi, me te arumoni. I roto i te 1929, St Petersburg - te pokapū o te rohe ki te hauauru.

Mahuru 25 - te ra o te whakaoranga o Smolensk i te whakaeke German

A, no te patua nga whakaeke Fascist Tiamana te Soviet Union, i muri i te tahi mau wiki e rua, ki te kia tangohia, Hōngongoi 10, ko ratou nga taiepa o Smolensk.

I runga i te rohe o te rohe Smolensk i te wiki tuatahi o te pakanga, me te takaro i roto i te whawhai tino e mura whakamataku, e ka i te ingoa o mua - Smolensk ārai te whawhai. Ko te roa e rua-marama te tīmatanga o te whakaeke Tiamana o Moscow, kua awhinatia reira te whakapaipai ki te faaineine no ka whakatau i te upoko-i runga i te hoariri. Kua arahina tenei meka ki te parariraa o te mahere whakapehapeha o Hitler.

Ko te Battle o Smolensk , huna hōia Soviet 250 mano hoia me rangatira o te Wehrmacht. hōia Soviet 16 th, 19 th, me 20 th Army i te whawhai uaua tino me e mura i roto i te rohe Smolensk feinga Solovieva whakawhitinga, Dukhovshchina, Yelnia Yartsev me whakaeke aro itoito e te kaha te nuinga o te rōpū ope Tiamana "Center".

ko tonu rawa tawhiti atu ra o whakaoranga o Smolensk. Hōngongoi 16, i nohoia 1941 Smolensk i nga kau Nasí i runga i Hōngongoi 29 - a hinga Zadneprovskaya o te rohe Smolensk.

Mahi me te pakanga

kihai i taea e ngā hōia Soviet mau hoki nga ope pai o te hoariri, a ka takoha ki te tuku Smolensk. i nohoia e te Tiamana pa me nga kainga. Heoi, i roto i te kainga rohe ki hoariri whakahaeretia 120 wae kōaro me ngohi.

I muri mai, i te aroaro e pā ana ki 10 mano hoia me rangatira, nö me raro rohe Smolensk ki nga tohu, tohu hōnore me metara, i whakawhiwhia 56 iwi te Hero taitara o te Soviet Union, i roto ia ratou te rangatira o te wae pakanga Grishin SV me guerrillas Pita Galetsky Vladimir Kurylenko.

wikitoria

Kei te whakapono te reira e te Mahuru 25, 1943 - te ra o te whakaoranga o Smolensk (whakaahua o taua wa i haere whakangaromanga e wehingia nga peita wehingia katoa me te pouri e kua pa ki to matou whenua). Ki te ki te taipitopito whai nga meka hītori, ka mau te whakaoranga o te mahi Smolensk wahi i August ki Oketopa 1943, ka ko waehere ko "Suvorov".

Ahakoa te meka e kore i nga hoia Soviet kaha taputapu hangarau, me te rawaka hōpuni, tonu i tino tukua i te hoariri Smolensk.

Smolensk rohe i mua i te whawhai i te rohe kopuku, i muri i te pakanga te pa Roslavl, Gzhatsk, Vyazma, tahuri Yartsevo ki te whakangaromanga.
I roto i te Smolensk o 8000 whare noho 7300 i tahuna. kurua whakamamaetia Nazis ka koperea 350 mano civilians, i roto ia ratou anake i roto i te Smolensk patua 135,000.

i homai Parts o te mua Western, me 70 pūhui te ingoa hōnore "Smolensk", "Yartsevkie", "Roslavl". I te ra o te whakaoranga o Smolensk i Moscow i homai he Oha atu o artzalpami 20 244 pu o.

hōnore

Ko te rangatira o te Soviet Army P. F. Klepach mo te whare o te hotera "Smolensk", i te mea tetahi o nga morehu torutoru tu, whakaarahia tona haki whero. I tata te pa katoa huna, engari i muri i te wikitoria oti o matou hōia Fascist German i roto i nga tau kotahi tekau, i faaho'ihia mai te pa, me te hanga.

I roto i 1966, te pa o Smolensk riro te Order o Patriotic War tohu ahau, Order o Lenin i 1983 me te taitara o Hero City Mei 6, 1985.

Ki te tiki i te mohio pai e pā ana ki reira, ka toro koe Smolensk ki te haere ki te ahurei, me te kotahi o te pai taonga Pakanga II o te Ao. Smolensk, me te te whenua katoa o Smolensk, turakina iho ki te urupa papatipu me whakapakoko. Here te hae kia mau te mahara o nga patunga, e kore e taea e te iwi wareware te hunga e whawhai ana ki te mate i roto i te pakanga ki te rawaho.