Ine mea āhuatanga metrological. tohutohu Main o metrology

He wāhi nui i roto i te ōhanga o tetahi whenua tākaro paerewa metrology, i nei te inenga o ngā tawhā tinana o ngā rerekē. Hoki tenei whakaaro, e whakamahia nga mea whanganga, whakaritea te whakamahi o nei e ture motuhake. He aha te mea te pū o ngā ture metrology i Russia? He aha te tikanga o te ture, āhuatanga e te whakaaetanga me te tono o te metrology?

He aha te mea Metrology?

Hei tīmata te ako etahi ngā ariā, e whakaata ana i te peculiarities o metrology. Ine mea, metrological āhuatanga - ngā pā ana ki tenei peka pūtaiao.

Ko te ahunga matua o te metrology:

- ariā o inenga;

- te whakamahi o inenga ā;

- ki ngā raruraru whakatau te tika o ngā inenga, me taurite te rapu huarahi ki taua;

- te kōwhiringa o ngā paerewa, me ngā tauira, me te ratou whakatinanatanga mahi i roto i te ao ngā o te ōhanga.

Ko te kaupapa matua o te ako i raro i whakaaro te ako - tikanga me ngā taputapu, e kua whakamahia i roto i te tikanga ki te tango i pūkete o etahi taonga, e hāngai ana i runga i to ratou taimaha, roa, rōrahi, te mana, me na runga i ..

Kei te whakamahia te ariā taketake i roto i te metrology:

- tawhā tinana (i te mea he taonga o te ahanoa, e titore reira rite ki etahi paearu i te tahi atu, tae noa ki te he ratou feunga rite ki reira);

- ruri (tukanga tā te kimi i te tetahi uara o te tawhā tinana mā te tono taputapu rerekē me i rite ki nga uara paerewa);

- tikanga o te ine, me te aroturuki - taputapu e kua whakamahia mo te inenga o te kōwae o te tawhā tinana.

Ki te kōrero tatou āta pā ana ki te tikanga o te ine, kia tuhia te reira e taea te aroaro tetahi o enei i roto i te maha puka. Kia titiro tatou ratou i roto i ngā kōrero.

whakarōpū

I roto i te take whānui i raro i inenga tikanga matau nuitia taputapu engineering i timataria ai i roto i te tikanga ki te ine i ngā taonga, kua tonu o nei tawhā metrological takatūria mō te purei rokiroki o etahi tawhā tinana i tangohia uara te rite te tamau i roto i te wā wā tatūkē ranei.

Kia kï hoki, e te whakaaetanga momo o ine mea i roto i Russia i te taumata o te kāwanatanga hānga, pērā i te Federal Agency mō Hangarau Ture me Metrology. He aha e nga āhuatanga o tona whakarōpū? Ine tikanga (e hoki tata e pā ana āhuatanga metrological ki te wā) kia māngai, i roto i ngā:

- mehua (rite kaihoko whakahohe nei i roto i te tikanga ki te tā i te tawhā tinana o te rahi ngā);

- te pūrere (rite kaihoko whakahohe nei i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaputa i te tohu motuhake mō te ine raraunga i roto i te tikanga ratarata-kaiwhakamahi);

- inverter (rite kaihoko whakamahia nei i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaputa i te tohu mō te raraunga ine ki te kia tuku ki te tukatuka atu i roto i te hanganga wāhi);

- pūnaha ruri (pērā i te kohinga o ngā taputapu e kua whakamahia ki te whakaputa tohu inenga i roto i te hōputu e hiahiatia ana tae atu i te kaiwhakamahi).

Ko tētahi atu paearu whakarōpū o ine mea - te taumata o te aunoatanga. Na, ko ratou:

- aunoa;

- wāhanga aunoa;

- mokai.

kia hoki kia kōmakatia rawa ine Metrological i runga i to ratou Waeine. Ko te kupu, e taea e ratou:

- papa'iraa;

- unregulated.

Ko tētahi atu paearu whakarōpū o ine mea - te taumahinga i roto i te ara iahiko whakatika. Ko te kupu, e taea e ratou:

- paerewa;

- Utauta.

Ko tētahi atu paearu nui mō te ine i mea - te hiranga o te tawhā i whanganga. I runga i tenei paearu, kia waiho ratou:

- taketake;

- āpiti.

I roto i te take tuatahi te inenga ko te tawhā tinana e he nui i roto i ngā o te otinga angitu o te mahi inenga. I roto i te tahuri, i reira te mea he mea ruri, te āhuatanga metrological e rapu inenga o te tawhā anake e whai he iti pānga, heoi nui, me te rapu utu rēhita.

Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou inaianei te āhua tūturu o te āhuatanga metrological o nga taputapu whakaaro. Ko tētahi o ēnei puna ka hei manuhiri mo tatou, faatere i te whakamahi o te hanganga e hāngai ana.

āhuatanga Metrological taputapu ine

I roto i te runga i ngā paerewa kāwanatanga whakahaere i te tikanga tono whawhe o te mea ruri, ngā āhuatanga metrological - ko tenei te tawhā hangarau e whakaahua āhuatanga o te taputapu mahi me te pa ana ki te hua o ngā inenga whakahaere mo nga take o te aro mātai o ratou kounga, me te ki te whakatau tika o ratou hua.

Ko te āhuatanga i roto i te pātai ka taea e kia tonu o whakamātau ranei. tuhia Tuatahi i roto i te tuhinga paerewa. Hei tauira, te tetahi ngā e kei roto i te āhua i hanga rēhita VNIIMS tikanga ine. Tuarua e whakamahia i roto i te āhuatanga ngā tango ki pūkete te tukanga ahumahi te taiao i roto i nei e whakamana inenga ranei.

rēhita Āhuatanga o ine mea

He mea pai ki te whakaaro i roto i te taipitopito atu te mea ko te State Register o mea whanganga. Ko wāhanga o te Pūtea Information Federal tenei rauemi a ka kia whai wāhi i roto i te tikanga ki te tirohia i te mau faaotiraa e i whakaaetia Rosstandart. Kei te wehea Rēhita o mea whanganga ki ngā wāhanga e whakaatu te kōrero:

- te taputapu whakaaetia Rosstandart, tiwhikete o whakataki ine mea;

- whakaaetia kape motuhake o mea Rosstandart;

- Kaituku pokapū tūmatanui, i whakahaere whakamātautau ine mea whakatangi.

te haapa'oraa i te rēhita o ngā whāinga

tonu rēhita tirohia te i roto i te tikanga ki:

- taputapu kaute inenga;

- hanganga o moni centralized o ngā mōhiohio i runga i te whakatau e hāngai ana e kua whakaaetia mō te tuku i ngā kamupene Russian, me rite mo te whakamahi i roto i ngā wāhi o te ōhanga;

- Rehita o pūtahi Kaituku whai wāhi i roto i whakamātautau ine mea;

- whakaaro, mō te tuku Tiwhikete o whakataki whanganga mea, me te tiwhikete o pūtahi Kaituku whai wāhi i roto i te whakamātautau,

- mea whakamātautau pūmanawa Kaute inenga;

- mōhiohio tautoko o tangata, rōpū, me ngā pūtahi metrology motu o āhua e whai wāhi i roto i te mahi tahi i runga i te āhukahuka me te whakatinanatanga o whakamātautau ine mea whakatangi.

Ko te ihirangi o te rēhita

Hoki ia momo o taputapu, taipitopito o nei kua oti te tuhituhi i roto i te Rehita, e whakaritea:

- ingoa;

- tau rēhita;

- whakaaro;

- te whenua o takenga;

- kaiwhakanao;

- te ingoa o te pokapū whakamātautau;

- te wā o te tiwhikete;

- mōhiohio i runga i te wā i waenganui i hono fakapapau'i;

- mōhiohio i runga i te tikanga whakaū.

kawea Adoption o te momo ngā o te mea whanganga te Rosstandart i runga i ngā hua whakamātautau o te taputapu e hāngai ana tū āhua motuhake pokapū.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te tūranga o te kāwanatanga i roto i te ture o te whakamahi o mea i roto i te pātai, me e, ki kīnaki te rēhita kāwanatanga hanga o ine VNIIMS i ngā o te whakaritea e o te mahi o ngā tohunga whakahaere i te ako o te tawhā tinana i roto i ngā wāhi rerekē, ko reira taea ki te whakarongo ki taua wāhi mahi o ngā hanganga kāwanatanga rite whakaū me te tohu inenga hanganga. Kia ako tatou i tenei āhuatanga i roto i te taipitopito atu.

Manatokonga o taputapu ine

Na, me ki taua mahi rite, mo te tauira, te whakaaetanga momo o mea whanganga, Kei te kaha te mahi i te kāwanatanga ki te whakahaere i to ratou whakamahi. I roto i ngā, i roto i te aronga pērā i whakaū. Whakaritea tona whakahaere motuhake ture e hānga ana.

I roto i te runga i ona tikanga, he whakahauanga manatokonga o inenga mea i roto i te maha o te wā. Hei tauira, te tikanga te inenga kāwanatanga i mua i te mahi tūturu, a kia te whakatinanatanga o to ratou hanga kia takina - i roto i te hui hāngai momo tuatahi wā ranei.

Ko te mahi o enei kaiwhakamahi taputapu - ki te kawe i ngā arowhai i roto i te wā. I roto i te parau tumu, i te tika ki te pupuri ona ake, engari anake i raro i tetahi te huru āpiha ohaoha - te aroaro o te whakamanatanga mo ngā mahi i roto i te mara o te tiaki o te kotahitanga o inenga hangarau. I roto i ētahi wā, ka te whakaū e kawea atu i te mahi metrological motuhake, kua Kaituku nei. Ka rite ki te tikanga, pā tenei ki te hunga wā i roto i i whakaritea te kāwanatanga Russian rārangi motuhake o whakatangi ine hoki e ka whakahaere whakaū rite ki te kaupapa e hāngai ana.

Kia whakaaro ai kawea te tikanga i roto i, puta he tiwhikete e mo tona whakatinanatanga. Ka taea e te tari kāwanatanga mātau te whakawhanake i tohu whakatika motuhake, me te te hanganga o te tuhinga. I tua atu, kia mana etahi tari kāwanatanga ki te kohikohi i nga hua o te whakaū o ngā mea ruri.

I roto i ētahi wā, ara, ki te kore te he taputapu ngā ngā i roto i te rārangi o ine whakatangi mo e mau ana i roto i hono fakapapau'i tika, ka taea e te kaiwhakamahi te kawe i roto i te taua tikanga e tika ana hanganga noa.

taputapu Tiwhikete inenga

I roto i te anga o te ture kāwanatanga o whakamahi o ngā tikanga o te inenga e hoki kawea i roto i te tohu o te hanganga. Ko tōna ngako - ki te kia whakapumautia i runga whakamahi haumaru katoa o te tahi atu whakaaro. I tua atu, ngā te taputapu tohu te i roto i te State Register o mea whanganga. Tikanga, te hātepe i roto i te pātai tā te hoahoa:

- GOST Tiwhikete R ranei GOST R taputapu whakapuakanga o rite;

- tiwhikete e pā ana ki te momo o mea whanganga.

Ka taea te whakamana tohu i roto i te kotahi Rosstandart pokapū whaitohu rānei. Tiwhikete - he tukanga e, rite whakaū, kia kia obligatory mō etahi mea ruri. Tikanga, Kua whakapumautia enei whakaritenga mō mea whanganga, e kua whakamahia i roto i te wāhi e whai ake nei:

- te mahi o ope patu o te kāwanatanga;

- rongoā;

- te mahi o ngā pokapū uruhi ture;

- cartography;

- rūri;

- whānuitanga o ture whakatinanatanga o te taurite o ngā inenga.

Whakaaetanga o taputapu ine

He mea pai ki te whakaaro ki tenei āhuatanga o te whakamahi o taputapu, tuku ki rite te whakaaetanga o mea whanganga. Kei te hoki i tenei tukanga kawea atu ki te whai wāhitanga o te kāwanatanga hei wāhanga o te mana metrological. Adoption o te momo ine tikanga te maua e mahi metrology mātau. I roto i tenei huinga:

- tikanga te whakatinana i whakaū te tikanga mo te ine āhuatanga;

- ki te tohu motuhake te ine i te tika o te uara;

- awhe ikeiketanga o te whakatika taputapu.

Na roto o ine nga hua o te whakaaetanga, ka whakaputa i te mana mātau te tuhinga motuhake. Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te pūtake taua ko te tiwhikete whakaaetanga o mea whanganga. Ka taea te tukuna te reira me i runga i te pūrere motuhake, me te hanga rangatū o te whakatau e hāngai ana.

Ko te huru mo te momo tuarua o te tuhinga kia te haapa'oraa o etahi ngā kaiwhakanao. Hei whakaputa i te tiwhikete o ine mea, he mea tika ano hoki ki te whakawhanake i tētahi tuhinga motuhake mō te whakahaere i te mauhaa. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te tuhinga mō te puranga hanga o rongoā, ko reira te mana mātau mō te 5 tau. I muri i taua, ko te taea o te toronga i runga i te pūtake o te tono i te kaiwhakanao. I roto i te tahuri, ki te puta te tiwhikete e ki te hua kotahi, hāngai te wā mana ki te wā o ngā pūrere ratonga.

Whakatika o mea ine

kia kawea mahi ture, whakahaere i te ara i roto i nei i roto i whakatika o mea whanganga - tētahi atu āhuatanga nui o te ture kāwanatanga i roto i te ao o te metrology. He aha te tikanga o tenei wā?

Whakatika o ine mea - he tukanga kawea e te atu i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatau me te whakau i te uara tūturu o ngā āhuatanga metrological me arotau hoki taputapu whakamahi inenga. Ko te rerekētanga matua i te whakaū whakatika - he i te kitenga o te tukanga i roto i te pātai kei te runga ake katoa i roto i te whakaaro ki te hunga mea ine e kore e e raro ki te whakahaere me te mātakitaki i mana tūmatanui.

I roto i te runga i ture Russian taea te tukuoro i te taputapu e kore e e tono ki ture kāwanatanga o mara i whakarite i te taurite o inenga, i runga i te pūtake noa. kawea ana tēnei tukanga i roto i te whakamahi i te whānuitanga o ngā paerewa, e kua whakaritea ki te paerewa tuatahi motu, ranei i roto i to ratou ngaro, ki motu, e kua whakaaetia i roto i nga whenua ke.

Whakatika kia mau takitahi - hinonga pakihi me kaipakihi takitahi raro ki te wahi o te whakamanatanga tūao. ka taea te whakamahi i te hua o tenei tikanga hei wāhanga o te whakaū o etahi tikanga o te inenga i roto i te tikanga i whakaritea e te Kawanatanga Russian. Ko te kupu, ahakoa te meka e te whakatika o mea whanganga he tūao, te āhua kia kākā rēhita ngā ture whakahaere mahi o tenei tikanga, me ona hua tono.