Iwi Russian: te rārangi, me te maha o

E ai ki nga whakatau tata tino momo, i roto i Russia reira e neke atu i te 192 nga iwi, rere ke i ia atu i roto i ngā o te ahurea, te karakia, me te hītori o te whanaketanga. Pērā, ko ratou katoa i roto i nga rohe āhua taua tata rangimarie - rite ki te hua o te rironga o whenua hou.

Rawa iwi '

Hoki te wā tuatahi i te rārangi o nga iwi e noho ana i runga i te rohe o Russia, hanga i roto i te waenganui o te rau tau XVIII, ki streamline kohinga tāke. Academy o Sciences i St. Petersburg, tino pā ana ki tenei pātai, me i roto i XVII-XIX rau tau i tukua ai he torutoru tatini rangahau taketake nui i runga i tenei kaupapa, me te tokomaha o pukaemi whakaahua me ītonu, e kua riro rawa faufaa mō pūkenga hou.

I te mutunga o te tekau tau tuatahi o te rau tau XXI taea te wehea ōkawa te taupori o te whenua ki ngā rōpū matawaka 192. Iwi ki te taupori ki runga 1 miriona i roto i Russia 7. anake ētahi o ēnei:

• Russian - 77,8%.
• Tatars - 3.75%.
• Chuvash - 1.05%.
• Bashkirs - 1.11%.
• Chechens - 1.07%.
• Ararata - 0,83%.
• Ukrainians - 1.35%.

He hoki te wā "iwi pekanga", tautuhia nei te rōpū matawaka, hoatu tona ingoa ki te rohe. A e kore e kia mau ai ki te iwi tino maha. Hei tauira, i roto i te Khanty-Mansiisk rohe motuhake te kāinga ki maha iwi Russian (rārangi ngā o neke atu i te 50 ngā). Otiia anake te Khanty ko Mansi, anake 2% o te taupori i roto i te rohe, ka hoatu e ia te pā ana te ingoa.

Ko haere tonu i roto i te rau tau XXI rangahau taketake, me te mahi i runga i te kaupapa "iwi Russian: he rārangi o te tau , me te ōrau ture" moni nui e kore anake ki pūtaiao, engari ano te tangata noa te hunga e hiahia ana ki te mohio atu e pā ana ki to ratou whenua tupu.

Ko te iwi o te wahi Pākehā o Russia

e kore te Russian whakahuatia rite te iwi i roto i te Ture Russian nāianei, engari i roto i te meka tenei iwi, ko te neke atu i te 2/3 o te taupori katoa. Tona "pouraka" Ko te wahi Pākehā o Russia - i te raki o Primorye ko Karelia ki te rohe o te Kapiana ko Black Moana. Iwi āhuatanga e kotahitanga o te ahurea wairua, me te karakia, mātauranga tikanga, me te reo noa kākahu. Heoi, ko te hoki Russian kore kākahu i roto i tona hanganga, a kua wehea ki ngā iwi rerekē:

- Te Tai Tokerau - iwi Slavic noho i roto i Novgorod, Ivanovo, Arkhangelsk, Vologda ko Kostroma rohe, me te i roto i te Republic o Karelia me te raki o te whenua Tver. Hoki te raki Russian āhuatanga "akayuschy" korero me te mama ahua tae.

- Russian Tonga iwi e noho ana i roto i Ryazan, Kaluga, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Orel me rohe Penza. Kainoho o enei rohe "okayut" ka korero. Hoki wāhanga o te "yuzhnorossov" āhuatanga o te reoruatanga (Cossacks).

E kore e nga rohe o te raki me te tonga kei tata - hono ratou te rohe Russian Central (i waenganui i te Oka me Täingäwai), kei hea e konatunatua noho o ngā wāhi e rua ōrite. I tua atu ki te katoa taimaha o te Russian reira ko nga rōpū pera-ka karanga iti-iwi - kiato ora iwi iti e tu i roto i ngā āhuatanga o ratou reo me te ahurea. Ko te iwi tika kuiti, me te numera iti o te Russian Russia tenei. Kei to ratou rārangi o te rōpū e whai ake nei:

• Vod (i roto i te 2010 te tokomaha o 70 iwi).
• Pomors.
• Meshcheryakov.
• Polekh.
• Sayan.
• Don ko Kuban mua.
• Kamchadals.

Ko te iwi o nga rohe tonga

Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki ngā wāhi i waenganui i te moana Azov me Kapiana. I tua atu ki te taupori Russian ora i reira e maha atu ngā iwi, tae atu te hunga e e ripeneta rerekē i roto i ngā o te iho, me te karakia. Ko te take mo te taua rerekētanga ka kanapa ofi whenua Eastern - Turkey, Tatar Crimea, Georgia, Azerbaijan.

iwi Southern o Russia (te rārangi):

• Chechens.
• Ingush.
• Nogai.
• Kabardians.
• Circassians.
• Adygeys.
• Karachai.
• Kalmyks.

I roto i te wahi tonga o Russia he hawhe takiwa o nga lepupilika "motu". Tata i to ratou ake reo i ia o enei iwi, a i te pae faaroo wā i roto ia ratou Ihirama.

kia whakahua hoki tatou i te roa-mauiui o Dagestan. Na, runga ake katoa, iwi ki te taua ingoa e kore e tīari. Tenei kupu fakatahai rōpū matawaka (Avars, Aguls, Dargin, Lezgins, läks, Nogai, a na i runga i.), Living i te rohe o te Republic o Dagestan.

iwi Siberian me te Te Tai Tokerau

Siberian Federal District ngā 14 rohe nui, me te fakasiokālafi hipokina 30% o te whenua. Heoi, i roto i tenei rohe nohoia e 20.10 miriona te iwi. Ko te taupori o Siberia ngā o te iwi e whai ake nei:

1. Ko nga iwi manene, kua puta te rōpū iwi i roto i te rohe i roto i te wā o tona whanaketanga ki te tenetere XVI-XX. Kei roto i tēnei rōpū Russian, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Tatars me etahi atu.

2. iwi Taketake Siberian Russia. He rārangi o ratou ko āhua nui, engari ko te āhua iti te tau tapeke. He Iakūta (480,000), Buryats (460,000), Tuva (265 mano) me Khakassia (73,000) nga tini tino.

Ratio i waenganui i nga iwi taketake me waho ko 1: 5. Na te tokomaha o nga tangata taketake o Siberia, e kore noa āta heke me nga mano, o nga rau.

rohe raki o Russia e i roto i te āhuatanga ōrite. "Ko reira" hāngai te taupori o ēnei wāhanga e i roto i te whakataunga nui. Ko te faufaa, mo te wahi tino, arahina te āhua hikihiki ranei āhua-hikihiki. mea kaimātai ahurea e heke e te iwi taketake te raki i te tere pōturi atu nga Siberians.

Ko te iwi o te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti me Primorye

ngā o nga rohe Makarana ko Khabarovsk, Yakutia, District Chukotka me te Hurai motuhake Region tawhiti Te Tai Rāwhiti Region. Enei Primorye pātata - Sakhalin, Kamchatka ko Primorsky Krai, rohe arā ki te uru tika ki te moana rawhiti.

Ko te whakaahuatanga taketake o nga iwi o Siberia me te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti tahi whakaahua, engari e kore te reira tino tika. ngā iwi Taketake o te whenua i te ahurea rawa ahurei, i hua i roto i te tikanga tino nui o te ora.

i whakaahuatia tuatahi tawhiti me te takutai iwi taketake o Russia, whakaaturia nei i raro te rārangi, i roto i te rau tau XVII:

• Orochi.
• Orok.
• Nivkhs.
• Udege.
• Chukchi.
• Koryak.
• Tungus.
• Daur.
• Duchers.
• Nanai.
• Eskimos.
• Aleuts.

I tēnei wā, He pārekareka ki ngā iwi paerikiriki te tiaki me mau haamaitairaa i te āhua, me he ano o te pānga ki te tūruhi me ngā haerenga taketake.

I runga i te hanganga iwi o te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti me Primorye i etahi iwi mana o te whenua i tata - China ko Japan. I roto i te rohe Russian o Haina noho hapori o manene tauanga e pā ana ki 19 mano iwi. I runga i te iwi Islands Kuril me Sakhalin Ainu ora humarie, i i kotahi te kāinga ki Hokkaido (Japan).

iwi Non-taketake o te Russian Federation

Ōkawa, nga ngā iwi katoa i roto i Russia, ki te kahore hoki he iti rawa, ka katia, he kore-taketake. Otiia i roto i te meka, i roto i te whenua i tonu hekenga tika ki pakanga (hōneatanga), te whanaketanga o Siberia me te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti, whare kāwanatanga, te rapu hoki pai tikanga ora. Ka rite ki te hua, iwi o kia whakauru, me Yakuts noho i roto i Moscow he kahore ohorere.

Ko te whenua, ko te kāinga ki maha ngā iwi ki pakiaka ahu i āhua tino rerekē. e kore te mea ara tata ki te rohe o te Russian Federation ratou whenua tupu! puta ratou i runga i tona rohe rite ki te hua o te hekenga kōpeka noa ranei i roto i nga tau rerekē. iwi kore-taketake Russian, kua whakaaturia i raro nei tona rārangi, kia ake he rōpū o te maha o nga mano tekau o te iwi i runga i te tau o 40 tau (whakatupuranga 2). Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• Korea.
• Hainamana.
• Nga Tiamana.
• Hurai.
• Mua.
• Nga Kariki.
• Mua.

I tua atu, Russia humarie ora rōpū iti o ngā iwi i te Baltic States, Ahia, India ko Europe. Tata ki te katoa o ratou whakaritea i roto i ngā o te reo, me te ara o te ora, engari mau etahi o ngā kōrero tuku iho ratou matua.

Reo me mau haapa'oraa o nga iwi o Russia

Maha-iwi Russian Federation ko te āhua fakamāmaní, engari nui tonu karakia he wāhi nui (ahurea, matatika, kāwanatanga) i roto i te taupori. Characteristically, piri nga rōpū iti iwi ki to ratou karakia tuku iho, te hua "riro" i te tupuna. Ko e ake pūkoro nga iwi Slavic me parau bogoslaviya momo rerekē, tae atu he peikani whakahoutia, Sētané me ta'e.

I tēnei wā, he noa nga rōpū fakalotu e whai ake nei i roto i Russia:

• Siu Karaitiana.
• Ihirama (Sunni Mahometa).
• Buddhism.
• Katorika.
• Karaitiana whakaaro Porotetani.

āhuatanga tino māmā ki reo iwi '. Ko te reo e pā ana i roto i te whenua, ko te Russian, e ko te reo o te nuinga. Heoi, i te rohe motu (Chechnya, Kalmykia, Bashkortostan, a na i runga i.) Ko te reo o te iwi pekanga he mana tūmatanui.

A, o te akoranga, tata nga iwi he ona ake, motuhake i te tahi atu reo reo ranei. Reira i tupu pinepine e mita e noho i roto i te rohe taua i rerekē pakiaka iwi hanganga. Hei tauira, te iwi Siberian Altai korero i roto i te reo o te rōpū Turkic, me i te Bashkirs tata pakiaka o kupu huna i roto i te reo Mongolian.

E tano ia tapao e ina titiro koe ki te rārangi o nga iwi o Russia whakarōpū ethnolinguistic puta i roto i te puka tata oti. I roto i ngā, i roto i nga reo o rerekē iwi "tohu" tata rōpū reo katoa:

1. rōpū Indo-Pākehā:

• reo Slavic (Russian, Belarusian).
• reo Germanic (Hiperu, Tiamana).

2. Finno-Ugric (Mordvinian, Mari, Komi Zyryan etc).

3. reo Turkic (Altaian, Noghai, Sakha etc).

4. reo Mongolian (Kalmyk, Buryat).

5. Reo Te Tai Tokerau Caucasian (Adyg, reo Daghestanian Chechen et al.).

I roto i te rau tau XXI, tonu te Russian Federation ki kia kotahi o nga whenua maha tino i roto i te ao. Kahore he hiahia ki te tangohia he "takenga maha", no te mea i roto i tenei aratau, kua vai te whenua mō ngā rau tau maha.