Japan Ahumahi: Ahumahi me te whanaketanga

Japan (Nihon ranei Nippon) - tetahi o nga mana ārahi ōhanga. Ko tetahi o nga kau taki, me te US ko China. Pūkete reira hoki 70% o te hua katoa o Te Tai Rāwhiti Ahia.

Kua tae ahumahi Japanese te taumata tiketike o te whanaketanga, rawa i roto i nga ao o te pūtaiao me te mātauranga. I roto i nga kau taki o te ōhanga ao - te kamupene "Toyota Motors", "Sony Corporation", "Fujitsu", "Honda Motors", "Toshiba" me etahi atu.

āhua o nāianei

he rawakore i roto i ngā rauemi taiao Japan - he nui putunga anake o waro, parahi, me te arahi-konutea tokahuke. I roto i nga tau tata nei, kua hoki riro te reira maimoatanga wā o ngā rauemi moana - konukarihi tango i vairaa pape, hanga o nodules konupora.

I roto i ngā o te ōhanga ao i te hautanga o Hapani pūkete hoki e pā ana ki te 12% o te production katoa. Ārahi ahumahi Japanese - ferrous me metallurgy kore-ferrous, mīhini-hanga (i roto i ngā automotive, karetao me te hikohiko), matū me te rängai kai.

taiao ahumahi

I roto i te kāwanatanga, i reira e toru rohe matua:

• Tokyo-Yokohama, e ngā Keihin, Te Tai Rāwhiti Japan, Tokyo Préfecture, Kanagawa, Kanto rohe.
• Nagoya, pā reira ki te wuru.
• Osaka-Kobsky (Han-XING).

Haunga te runga ake, i reira he wāhi ano iti:

• Kyushu Raki (Kita-Kyushu).
• Kanto.
• Moana Te Tai Rāwhiti District Industrial (tokai).
• Tokyo-Tibsky (Kei roto i tēnei e-Kay, rawhiti Japan, te Kanto me Chiba Préfecture rohe).
• Horahanga ä-Japan Moana (setonaikai park motu).
• rohe Industrial o te whenua o te raki (Hokuriku).
• rohe Kasimsky (konei ko te taua katoa Te Tai Rāwhiti Japan, Kashima, Ibaraki Préfecture me te Kanto).

Neke atu i te 50% o te moni o ahumahi whakanao pūkete mō ngā wāhanga o Tokyo Yokohama, Osaka, Kobe ko Nagoya, me te te pa o Kitakyushu i te raki o te motu o Kyushu.

Ko te huānga tino kaha, me te pūmau o te mākete i roto i tenei whenua i roto i te manakohia o pakihi iti, me te reo-rahi. Ki tenei rohe no ki 99% o kamupene Japanese katoa. Heoi, e kore te mea pono o te ahumahi pueru tenei. hāngai ana ahumahi Light i roto i Japan (he āhuatanga ārahi o nei te tuku ki te ahumahi) kei runga i nui, whakaurunga pai-rawa.

ahuwhenua

whenua ahuwhenua noho te whenua e pā ana ki te 13% o tona rohe. Na hawhe o enei whenua - jellied mara whakamahia mō te raihi māra. I tona matua, kua whänuitanga ahuwhenua konei, a kua hāngai ki runga ki pāmu me te, atu āta, te kai o te raihi, hangarau hua, pata , me te tea.

Ko e te kore e katoa, e taea whakamanamana o Hapani. Kei te kaha te whakawhanakehia Ahumahi me te ahuwhenua i roto i te whenua, me te tautoko i te Kawanatanga, kia hoatu ki a ratou he rota o te whakarongo me te rota o te moni haumi i roto i to ratou whanaketanga. Kei te takaro ano te wāhi nui ahuone, sericulture, mara kararehe, ngahere me ika moana.

He wahi nui i roto i te rāngai ahuwhenua hipokina Fig. whakawhanakehia Huawhenua whakatipu te nuinga i roto i te wahi o waho ake, i raro i nekehia atu ana e ia e pā ana ki te hauwhā o te whenua ahuwhenua. nohoia te rohe toe e kai ahumahi, hua kai me nga rakau maperi.

hipoki Mō 25 miriona heketea e ngahere, i roto i te nuinga o te wā, nga rangatira he kaimahi. no wahi rangatira iti e pā ana ki te 1 ha. I roto i te tangata nui - te mau melo o te utuafare emepaea, monasteries me mau hiero.

kararehe tupuranga

Livestock i roto i te ra putanga ka anga ki te whakawhanake kaha i muri anake i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Kei a ia tetahi āhuatanga - i roto i hāngai te i runga i kawemai, kawemai whāngai (witi). Ake i te ōhanga Japanese e taea ki te whakarato i kaua e nui ake i te toru o nga hiahia katoa.

kaimahi pokapū kararehe e pā ana ki. Hokkaido. I roto i te wahi raki o tona poaka. I roto i te whānui, i te kararehe kararehe tae 5 miriona takitahi, ki āhua hawhe o ratou - kau miraka.

ahumahi ika

Moana - tetahi o nga painga e taea oaoa i Japan. E whiwhi Ahumahi me te ahuwhenua i te whenua motu o wāhi o painga maha: ko te ara atu mo te tuku o taonga reira, a ka tauturu i te rāngai tāpoi, me te momo o kai.

Heoi, i roto i te noa'tu o te moana, kua ki te kawemai i te tetahi te nui o ngā hua (i runga i te ture o te ao, kei te anake tukua te tangohanga o te ora moana i roto i nga rohe o nga wai rohe) i te whenua.

Ko te taonga matua o te taputapu protrude hopu, turbot, pākirikiri, hāmana, halibut, saury, me ētahi atu Tata kotahi toru o te haonga whakarato wai e tata ana te motu o Hokkaido. kihai i Japan tohungia taha me nga whakatutukitanga o whakaaro pūtaiao hou: konei te whakawhanake kaha ahumoana (peara peu, ika i roto i te hōpua me mara raihi).

waka

I roto i te 1924, cars park i roto i te whenua e anake e pā ana ki 17.9 mano. Units. I te wa taua i reira ko te maha faahiahia o rickshaws, pereo me kaata i neke tika ki kau ranei hoiho.

20 tau i muri mai, nui haere te hiahia mō ngā taraka, te nuinga e tika ana ki te tipu hiahia o te ope. I roto i 1941 whakaputaina te whenua 46.706 waka, o nei anake 1065 - pāhihi.

anga ahumahi Automotive i roto i Tapone ki te whakawhanake i muri noa i te Pakanga o te Ao Tuarua, i mahi rite te hiringa mo te Korean War. tikanga atu pai e whakaratohia ana e te Ameliká ki te kamupene i i tangohia mo te tupuraa o whakahau hōia.

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te 50s tupu kua tere, me te tono mō ngā waka pāhihi. Na roto i te 1980, ka mau Japan te US, a meinga ana ia hei tāwāhi nui ao. I roto i te tau 2008, kua mohio tenei whenua i te automaker nui rawa o te ao.

te pahi

Tenei Ko tetahi o nga ahumahi ārahi, e kaimahi neke atu i te 400 mano. Tangata, whakaaro mahi tika i roto i ngā wheketere, me kamupene āpiti.

Ngā rauhanga tukua ki te hanga i nga oko o momo me tereraa e katoa, ki e hangaia rite nui rite 8 kahui ki te tuku supertankers ki te displacement o 400 mano. Tana. Ko nga mahi o te rāngai tuitui ASKYA, e ngā 75 kamupene pahi motu, i roto i te katoa hua e pā ana ki 80% o nga kaipuke katoa o te rōrahi whakaputaina i roto i Japan.

timata te whanaketanga o te ahumahi Japanese i roto i tenei rohe i muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, ka timata ki te mahi hōtaka pahi whakamaheretia i roto i 1947. I roto i te runga i reira te kamupene riro i te kāwanatanga, ko te taurewa tāpiri rawa pai, i roto i ia tau, ki te hua i roto i te pūtea i te tipu.

Na roto i te 1972, ngā 28-e ahau hōtaka (ki āwhina kāwanatanga) hanga o kaipuke, tapeke 3304 mano. Grt. Kua heke te raruraru te hinu te tauine, Heoi, whakatakotoria te hōtaka i muri i mahi te whawhai kia rite ki te pūtake mo te tupu pūmau, me te angitu o te ahumahi.

Na roto i te mutunga o 2011 ko te pukapuka kia mo nga Japanese 61 miriona dwt. (36 miriona grt.). Kua noho te wahi mākete pūmau i 17% i te kawenga, no nga whakahau nuinga ki ki kawe nuinga (kaipuke motuhake utanga kaipuke mo te transportation o taonga atawhai pērā i te witi, sima, waro nuinga), me raro - no te taraka.

I te kau, tau kotahi i roto i te hanga o kaipuke i te ao, ahakoa whakataetae nui i kamupene Korean, he tonu Japan. Kua hanga whāiti i o ahumahi me te tautoko kāwanatanga he anga e tautoko ana kamupene nui haumaru i ara i roto i tenei āhuatanga.

metallurgy

He te whenua torutoru ngā rauemi, me reira whakawhanakehia he rautaki mo te whanaketanga o te matatini metallurgical, e hāngai ana te pūngao me te faaoraraa rauemi. rongoā auaha me hangarau tukua hinonga ki neke atu i te toru o raro kohi mana, me te auahatanga tono e rua i te taumata kamupene, a i roto i te ahumahi katoa.

Metallurgy, me ētahi atu ahumahi whāiti Ahumahi o Japan, kua riro whanaketanga kaha i muri i te pakanga. Heoi, ki te mea kua rapua atu āhua ki te whakahou me te whakahou i te tīariari kē hangarau i ratou, haere te kāwanatanga o tenei whenua kua te tahi atu ara. hangaia nga tautooraa matua (me te moni) i ki kīnaki i te hinonga te hangarau tino matatau i te wa.

haere te whanaketanga tere o te ahumahi i hoki e pā ana ki e rua tekau tau, a tae he tihi i roto i 1973, ka hinga 17.27% o te katoa hanga ao maitai ki tetahi Japan. A, i roto i ngā o te kounga kerēme reira ki hei te rangatira. Whakaongaongatia e reira, tua atu i ëtahi, kawemai o ngā rauemi raw metallurgical. I muri i te tau tukua neke atu i te 600 miriona taranata o Coke me 110 miriona tana o ngā hua rino ore.

Na roto i te 90 nga tau pokapū ', ki mira maitai Hainamana me te Korean whakataetae ki nga Japanese, a ka anga te whenua ki te ngaro tona tūranga ārahi. I roto i te 2011, kua mauähara te āhuatanga e tika ana ki te kino tūturu me te kino i te "Fukushima-1", engari rite ki whakatau tata āwhiwhiwhi e kore e nui ake te tapeke whakaiti i roto i te tere o te putanga 2%.

Ahumahi Chemical ko matūngahinu

ahumahi Chemical i roto i te fenua Tapone i te 2012 whakaputaina hua i 40.14 trillion yen. Ko te whenua, ko te kotahi o te feia faatere e toru i roto i te taha ki te United States, a China ao, me e pā ana ki 5.5 mano. Kamupene e te arotahi me te hoatu mahi 880 mano. Tangata.

I roto i te ahumahi o te whenua ko te tuarua nui (tona wahi - 14% o te tapeke), tuarua ki te engineering aunoa anake. Kei te whakawhanake te Kāwanatanga reira rite tetahi o nga wāhi matua, tokanga nui ki te whanaketanga o te taiao, energy- me hangarau rauemi-whakaora.

hua Hangaia E hokona i roto i Tapone, ka kaweake: 75% - i roto i Ahia, e pā ana ki 10.2% - i roto i te EU, 9.8% - i roto i Amerika Te Tai Tokerau, me ētahi atu kaweake pūtake - rapa, kai whakaahua me waiwaro kakara, pūhui waro, me te pararopi, me ētahi atu

Ko te whenua o Japan kawemai hoki hua (te rōrahi kawemai i roto i 2012 moni ki pā ana ki 6.1 trillion iene), te nuinga i te EU, Asia ko USA.

rangatira Japan Chemical Ahumahi i te hanga o ngā rauemi mo te ahumahi te hikohiko, i roto i ngā, e pā ana ki 70% o te mākete o ngā hua Semiconductor, me 65% ao - whakaaturanga karaihe wai, no ki te kamupene o tenei whenua motu.

I roto i ngā āhuatanga hou utua he rota o te whakarongo ki te whanaketanga me te hanga o ngā rauemi muka waro hiato mo nga ahumahi karihi, me te rererangi.

hikohiko

utua nui aro te ki te whanaketanga o te mōhiohio me te torotoro waea rängai. I roto i te tūranga o "ahumahi locomotive matua" Ko te toru-ahu hangarau image tuku, karetao, tākaka, me te ahokore whatunga whakatupuranga i muri, whatunga mahara, "kapua rorohiko."

Tauine hanganga mau ake ki Hapani, Haina me te US, me i roto i te toru runga. I roto i te 2012, tae te tapeke o ngā kaiwhakamahi Ipurangi i roto i te whenua 80% o te taupori katoa. E tohaina hoki te hanganga o supercomputers, te whanaketanga o tōtika ngā pūnaha whakahaere pūngao me hangarau pūngao-tiaki i te ope, me te moni.

energetics

Tata 80% o te tono pūngao i roto i Japan i ki kia whiwhi e te kawemai. I te tīmatanga, i te whakatangihanga a tenei tūranga i te wahie, ngā hinu i te Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakaiti i fakafalala i runga i kai i roto i te Whenua o te ra Haké tangohia kua he maha o mehua, i roto i ngā i roto i te faatura o te "ngota rangimarie".

ngā hōtaka rangahau i roto i te mara o te pūngao karihi, ka anga Hapani i te 1954. He kua maha ngā ture me whakapumautia whakahaere hangaia ki te whakarite i ngā whāinga kāwanatanga i roto i tenei rohe. Kua te pūrere karihi arumoni tuatahi kua kawemai i te UK, tīmata tona mahi i roto i te 1966.

I muri i te tau torutoru nga taputapu riro o te whenua i nga Ameliká me tuhi tahi me kua hanga kamupene rohe ki runga ki a ratou i te taonga. kamupene Japanese Toshiba Co., Ltd., Hitachi Co., Ltd. a ka anga etahi ki te hoahoa me te hanga i te reactors marama-wai ratou.

I roto i te 1975, e tika ana ki ngā raruraru ki te hōtaka teihana whakapai ake e wātea ana i whakarewahia. I roto i te runga i reira i te ahumahi karihi i Tapone i te 1985 ki te haere i roto i ngā wāhanga e toru: te rua tuatahi ngā huri te hanganga ngā i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapai ake i to ratou mahi, me te tiaki, me te tuatoru e hiahiatia te ki ake i te kaha ki runga, ki te 1300-1400 MW, me te hanga huringa taketake i roto i te reactors.

Kua arahina taua kaupapa here ki te meka i roto i 2011 a Japan 53 reactors whakahaere, e whakarato neke atu i te 30% o ngā hiahia hiko te whenua o.

I muri i te "Fukushima"

I roto i te 2011, kua riro te ahumahi pūngao i roto i Japan te pupuhi nui. Ka rite ki te hua, te ru kaha i roto i te aamu o te whenua, me te muri āniwhaniwha i runga i te tipu te mana karihi "Fukushima-1" puta te aituā. I muri puta leakage ka he āhuatanga nui iraruke kua poke 3% o te whenua, te taupori o te rohe a tawhio noa te teihana (e pā ana ki 80 mano. Tiau.) Kua puta ke ki ngā tāngata whai.

Kua takoha tenei hui whenua maha ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te nui, ko te mahi e manakohia ana, me te haumaru o te ngota.

Roto Hapani, i reira ko tetahi poipoi o tautohe ki titauraa ki te whakarere i pūngao karihi. Na roto i te 2012, te nuinga o nga teihana o te whenua i hatepea atu. āhuatanga ahumahi o Japan i roto i nga tau tata nei uru ki rerenga kotahi: "Kei te tohe tenei whenua ki riro" matomato "."

Na he reira mau kore whakamahi ngota, te nuinga kē - hau māori. Kei te utua ano nui whakarongo ki pūngao whakahou: te ra, te wai me te hau.