Jonas Savimbi: he whawhai hoki haere noa o Angola

Zhonash Maleyru Savimbi (whanau 03/08/34 i Portuguese Angola - 22/02/02 patua tata Lukusse, tirohia ano) - he kaitōrangapū, he rangatira o te insurgency pakanga ki kāwanatanga mahi o te Angola Soviet-tautokona.

tāhuhu tangata

Ko te tama a te rangatira o te teihana rerewē Hona Savimbi i roto i ngā kura misionare a riro he karahipi ki te ako ki waho. ako e ia rongoā i te University o Lisbon i Portugal, a muri roaa te toketā i roto i te pūtaiao tōrangapū i te Whare Wānanga o Lausanne, Switzerland, i roto i te 1965

I Africa i runga i te mahere ao e te nuinga tito o koroni o āhua Pākehā - France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, te UK, Spain me Portugal. He koroni o te muri, ka ko te wāhi o Zhonasha. I roto i te 1961 piri Savimbi Holden Roberto, rangatira o te kaupapa mo te rangatiratanga o Angola People a Union (UPA), he hoariri o te Popular Movement mo te Liberation o Angola (MPLA, he "mahi" rōpū-Leninist Marxist). wahia e ia ki te UPA i roto i te tau 1966, ka hanga e te matenga o unita (unita), i whawhai ki te kāwanatanga koroni Portuguese.

Africa i runga i te mahere ka hāpaitia e te ao

I roto i te 1965, ua faaoti Savimbi ki te hanga i tona ake kaupapa, ka anga ki te titiro mo te tautoko. haere mai ia i Haina, te wahi i karangatia ai ia, me etahi o ona kawana ki te akoranga e iwa-marama i roto i te pakanga te pakanga. I roto i Beijing, te rangatira o unita, tutaki Mao Zedong me tahi atu feia faatere hōia, me te tōrangapū o te revolution Hainamana. ako Savimbi te tātai whakamahia pera tōtika i muri i roto i Angola. I muri mai, ka rapu ia i te tauturu i te whenua Western, downplayed Zhonash te auraa o tona haerenga ki Haina. I roto i ngā, ka mea ia e kore e anake ako Mao me nga Kominiusi pehea ki te whawhai me te riro i roto i te pakanga pakanga, engari ano hoki e kore e e te ara te whakahaere i te ōhanga, me te whenua, e ko. Ki. Hanga te kaupapa o takitahi te taonga o nga tauiwi.

roopu

Ki runga ki e hoki ki Angola, timata Hona Savimbi ki te whakaoreore tona ovimbundu iwi, me te tahi atu hoa. whakapaea te kāwanatanga i te kāinga, me te peia mai te ao. Whiringa 10, mana tukuange 1975 Portugal tona mana ki runga i te āhua Awherika. He ko he pakanga tere, me te kawa mō te mana, i hua i roto i te Popular Movement mo te Liberation o Angola whakaaturia iho te kāwanatanga hou. I muri i te rōpū whakahē MPLA, karangatia unita ki nga hōia Cuban me patu Soviet whakamahia ki te mau tonu te mana. I maoro i takoha Zhonash ki rere hohonu ki Angola ki noa te torutoru tatini pǐpǐ.

I reira te reira ki te faatîtîraa Soviet, e whakakapi te Portuguese, ngā ka huaina hoki te ope hou. Ki te awhina o patu, me kaiwhakangungu i Āwherika ki te Tonga, whakaritea Savimbi he ope kaha, me te pai tutu. Mai i te wā wa ki te Kawanatanga o Angola ki te awhina o te ope Cuban ka ngana ki te whakangaro i te ringa Soviet ki unita, engari puritia nga guerrillas he wāhi nui, i whakaekea tari kāwanatanga, pereoo me ngā rārangi supply.

I roto i riro te Cold War Savimbi āwhina i Haina, Afirita Apatoa me te United States rite te ātete ki te MPLA Marxist, Soviet-te papahewa, i te mana i te kāwanatanga pokapū. tonu unita ki te whakahaere i te whawhai pakanga subversive ki te MPLA i roto i nga tau 1970 me 80.

mau a'oraa te pai

I roto i te puna o 1991 Savimbi hoia kakahu iho te whakapaipai Luanda, tapahi nga raina mana, me te intercepting Tuhinga. I roto i te mutunga, i takoha te MPLA ki whakaae e mau wāhi ona kaupapa here ki te hanganga o te nama 20-piriona-tāra o Angola me tata oti te kore o te hua. Kua whakaae MPLA peresideni Jose Eduardo dos Santos ki te whiriwhiri ki Savimbi ko unita, me te he mōkihi o whakahounga e hāngai ana ki te whakapai ake i te ōhanga. waitohu i te whakaaetanga te pai i May 31, 1991, a ka mutu te whawhai hohoro.

I muri i taua, Hona Savimbi, e tautokona ana e kaitautoko tākare, tū he pakanga peresideniraa puta noa Angola. Reira tonu kua whakaaria mai e ka whakamōhio unita he ōhanga mākete, pōtitanga free auau me te mana tūmataiti o te whenua, me te pakihi. I roto i te whakawhitiwhiti i roto i te pane i roto i Mahuru 1991, ka mea a Savimbi e te kaha o tona rōpū kore anake i roto i ona ringa, engari ano hoki i roto i tona aroaro tōrangapū.

Ngaronga i runga i pōtitanga

kua mutu whakaaetanga te rangimarie ki te Kawanatanga o te whawhai a Angola, i hanga reira taea ki te pupuri i roto i te tau 1992 noa pōtitanga motu multiparty. I muri ngaro anō Savimbi ko unita te pakanga patu mo te mana o te whenua, tūtahi i te nuinga wahi o te whenua. I puritia ano nga a'oraa, i arahina ki te Lusaka Whakaaetanga o 1994. i whawhai ki te mutu, ka i kaha ki te kia Pauhua. Angolan te peresideni Jose Eduardo dos Santos, whakaarohia Savimbi ki riro tetahi o peresideni tumuaki tuarua e rua, a unita - whai wāhi i roto i te kāwanatanga. Zhonash muri paopao te tono, a i roto i 1997 i mana ia whakaritea rite rangatira o te pato'iraa. He tau i muri mai i whakakorea te pou. I roto i te 1996, ka mea a Savimbi e ka mau tonu ai te mana o te rohe taimana moni o te Angola raki-rawhiti, ahakoa i whakawhitia etahi o ratou ki te kāwanatanga i roto i te 1998.

mate

Kua roa mutu wā War matao, a ko faaruru unita raruraru ki pūtea. I roto i te Mahuru 1998, i fehangahangai Savimbi ki fakafepaki roto te whakahaere, ka he rōpū karanga ano te unita-R, peia ia, ka tangohia e te mata ratou. Mai i taua wa i wehea te rōpū ki toru hautau. Te Kāwanatanga o Angola me te Whanaketanga Awherika Southern mohio ōkawa unita-R. Otiia, i Maehe 2001, ka ui Hona Savimbi mo te hë o te mau a'oraa, a faaite tona hinaaro ia farii i te ngā o te Whakaaetanga Lusaka. Ahakoa kua ui te kāwanatanga he rangaawatea rite te huru mo te timatanga o ngā whiriwhiringa hou, ka karanga Savimbi i te Ekalesia Katorika ki takawaenga i roto i te tautohe. Fighting tonu puta noa i te tau 2001, ka horahia e ki whenua tata, Zambia ko Namibia. tonu ope Kāwanatanga ki te whakararuraru i Zhonasha me hopea mau ake ki a ia i roto i te kawanatanga Moxico te rawhiti. i haupapatia ka patua Savimbi. I muri i tona matenga i roto i April 2002, hainatia te whakaaetanga te rongo i waenganui o unita me te Kāwanatanga Angolan.