Julia Dobrovol'skaya: haurongo, ngā mahi, me ngā meka ngā

mohiotia whānuitia Dobrovol'skaya Julia Abramovna i roto i ngā porowhita whakaako, me te pūtaiao. Ko tōna kaiaka ko te hanganga o pai pukapuka matua te reo Itāriana o te ao, nga papakupu tino whānui: Russian-Italian me Italian-Russian.

Ko reira hoki ka mau tona ora te rota o te kiriata, pukapuka, tuhinga, whakaako ngā ākonga rave rahi. Ahorangi Milan, Trieste, Trent University Dobrovol'skaya mahi atu atu i tetahi atu ki te popularize te reo Russian i roto i Itari. Neke atu i te kua whakawhiwhia kotahi te Kawanatanga Italian ona paraihe i te mara o te ahurea.

Kōhungahunga, te taiohitanga

25/08/1917 i Nizhny Novgorod i te hapu o te forester i whanau i te heke mai pūtaiao-kaiwetereo Julia Dobrovol'skaya. Biography ia i roto i te taiohitanga tohua e te whānau oho ki te whakapaipai raki. haere tona papa ki te mahi i te hanga mahere Leningrad, me toku whaea - he kaiwhakaako o te reo Ingarihi.

I muri i te kura, ko te kotiro i roto i te pai rawa o te tikanga i runga i waewae o te whaea, tomo te Faculty o LIFLI. Ki te kaiako Julia tino waimarie: te pūtaiao rongonui ao Propp V. Ya ākonga faufaa whakaakona e kore anake te reo Tiamana, me whakamārama pehea tenei reo tikanga.

Tae noa te mutunga o tona ora i mauruuru hoki Vladimiru Yakovlevichu Abramovna Julia whakaako ia nga taketake o te toi - ki te waiho i te Return. I roto i te heke mai, mā te whakamahi i te mea mohio whiwhi Julia Dobrovol'skaya taea ki te rangatira tata katoa ratou ake reo Pākehā taketake.

hoatu mātauranga Brilliant ara ki euphoria: ko tākare Komsomol te heke mai "puni i roto i te rangi."

takoha ia ki te haina

tai'o ahau kia ara ake ia haurongo feohi ki aho Vladimira Vysotskogo: "Snow noa o te paru ano he ora roa, kahore teka ...".

i kite ia i taua hukarere i roto i te puni tapa. A, i mua i taua, i whakatupato ia ki te tiaki niu ore o te he i (toi. 58-1 "he") e pai te kore e koperea ranei 15 tau i roto i te whare herehere. Julia Dobrovol'skaya, ahakoa te pēhanga, ora me kua kore mohio whakaritea e te hara.

kihai i tenei wahine whakawhānui ki te mea uruhi mehua i tono ki a ia katoatia i roto i te herehere matotoru-taiepa. Anake kotahi parau pōkaikaha ki tona mangai: "Ka taea e anake e koe te whakaaro: Lubyanka, Lefortovo, Butyrka ..."

I muri i rahua whakamātau ki te wahia iho, ka tono tangata ia ki te hovrinsky puni. "Pūmahara" o aua wa i roto i tona ora noho te ngoikore ki te whai tamariki rite te hua o pakeke mahi.

Ko te pai ai o te wahine-tau 28-tau tukua i raro i te murunga i roto i 1945.

Dobrovol'skaya e pā ana ki te mau misionare Stalin i Spain

Na ka whakararuraru i muri i te "haerenga" ki Spain.

pahono Komsomolskaya Yuliya Dobrovolskaya ki te karanga "tangata i roto i te kakahu harangotengote," haina kaiwhakamāori ki te whai wāhi i roto i te tautururaa i te Republicans. Otiia i roto i nga tau e toru ka mohio ia he aha te tonoa Stalin 30,000 hōia, me te enkavedeshnyh mātanga.

"Internationalists" ki te whanau hōia, i mahi rite kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro, e kore anake i roto i ngā rōpū patu o Republicans, engari ano kaiāwhina i roto i te hohoro ki te waihanga i tētahi orotahi o te NKVD. rite Cervantes whenua ki riro i te partocracy whenua. O te Communist rohe hanga te ahua o te commissars Bolshevik "Front o tangata" manuhiri.

Ko te hunga taonga tūmataiti expropriated, mahi ki te taha o ratou ake iwi. panaia tamata Spaniards Katorika ki te tahuri ki atheists, whakatangihia ake te hahi, a patua nga tohunga. Events whakawhanakehia e te tuhinga o Stalin "aroraa piha haapiiraa."

Awareness o hara i te aroaro o nga Spaniards

riro te taupori toro ratou "hoa" rite fascists kite ratou mahi, ki te whakatika ake me te tautoko i mutinied ratou hōia. I roto i ngā, me "Spanish Chapaev" (whakangungua mua i Frunze Academy, kotahi Yulii Abramovny Valentin Gonzalez) ka tae ki te mutunga e pā ana ki te ōrite fascists Kominiusi.

Ko te utu o milioni o oraraa patua nga Republicans Spanish i, me te "internationalists" peia. Julia Dobrovol'skaya e hoki te kāinga ia, ka mea tetahi mea e pā ana ki te mea ka kite ia, a ite.

i ia hoa i roto i te iwi ki te puku, ka matekiri ki te Soviet Union. Girl-translator ko te tangata kitea (itehia e tona whakapakoko i roto i te pūrākau "hoki nei nga takoha huarahi Bell" e Ernest Hemingway).

Oia mau, te repressed Hoki i roto i te USSR te wahine taitamariki "i roto i te mua, a tika i roto i te take": i te wehi kia tuhituhi ia e pā ana ki te pakanga Spanish i roto i te pāpāho Western, meatia te tahi mea rite taua ranei.

I muri i 40 tau, ka waiho he translator i Barcelona, a ka heke iho i te reira atu te waka rererangi ki te ngakau taimaha, ongo'i whakama mo te misioni o te taitamarikitanga.

Ua tauturu ki te ora

Mahara Julia Abramovna, ona e noho i raro i te ioka, i kore mamae te mea tino nui, e kore e mutu ki te kite i te pai i roto i te iwi. aru ia tenei tikanga, te mātakitaki, ma'uloto, me whakawhetai ki te iwi e mahi mahi pai i te karanga o te wairua. Heoi, i roto i a ratou, he mea tino mauruuru ki:

• tana tane tuatahi tika Dobrovolskomu Evgeniyu Aleksandrovichu, nomenklatura, zhenivshemusya ki "zechke" me te patunga tapu ratou mahi;
• kaipūkaha hovrinskogo-puni wheketere Mikhailov, whakarite tona kaiwhakamāori;
• hina-hina, tūpuhi rangatira pirihimana, i to koutou ake take mōrea ia he uruwhenua hei utu o te tiwhikete o te tuku.

Ki mai ki ahau ko wai o koutou hoa e ...

Kua tu tenei parau Roma tawhito te whakamatautau o te wa. herea maha nga tau o te auhoaraa Yuliyu Dobrovolskuyu ki nga iwi maha e tika, me te whakamiharo:

• herehere o te he Kemi, he ngā tika tangata, kaiwānanga tuhituhi Lev crackdown;
• pehe, translator, kairīpoata Korney Chukovsky;
• publicist, translator, rohi pehe, kairīpoata Iley Erenburgom;
• Kampessino (Valentinom Gonsalesom) rangatira käwanatanga muri repressed;
• kaituhi o ngā tamariki Italian Gianni Rodari pakiwaitara;
• kaipeita Renato Guttuso;
• MSU Ahorangi Merapa Mamardashvili;
• kaituhi Ninoy Berberovoy, wahine Vladislava Hodasevicha.

ora whaiaro

Julia Dobrovol'skaya i muri i te tukunga o reo ke whakaako i te Moscow Institute i 1946 ki te 1950. i whai wāhi ia i roto i te mahi whakaako me te translation.

Mātau, me te mau ia vai i reira fiemālie mo haavare, propartiynyh. Hei whakapa he reira hohoro kitea. Kia whakamaoritia Julia Abramovna te tuhinga o te ihirangi Katorika. Kaiako me te translator ite tino te "haere noa o te hinengaro i roto i te hōputu Soviet."

I pupuhi ia i tona mahi. i pera kaha e mahue tana tane tuatahi Evgeny Dobrovolsky ia te pēhanga.

Heoi, te whakahaere Julia Dobrovolskaya i muri i te meka ki te whakamatau tona take, me te ki te tiki i te mahi i MGIMO. I reira, ka upoko o te tari o reo Romance Gonionskiy S. A. tona tiaki, i faaipoipo ratou. Tana wahine, Semyon Alexandrovich ko te faaitoitoraa tūturu me tautoko. Nā ki te mate Dobrovol'skaya tane ma iwa nga tau i te pouaru.

mahi ngaio

Ko te take mo te haerenga i te ahorangi USSR ka te kanga mōhiohio i runga i te rironga mai o tona tohu ao.

I roto i te 1964 oti ia te mahi i runga i tona pukapuka rongonui Julia Dobrovol'skaya "Course Practical o te reo Itāriana." E te ara, a mohoa noa nei (mo te hawhe rau), tenei painga ko te turanga hoki ngā ākonga-philologists. Hoki tenei mahi, he aronui e mōhiotia ana, i roto i 1970 whakawhiwhia te Kāwanatanga Itari MGIMO kaiako Yuliyu Abramovnu tohu motu mō ngā whakatutukitanga i roto i te mara o te ahurea.

Heoi, i kore tukua te mana Soviet ki a ia te haere ki waho ki te utu. Julia Dobrovol'skaya, translator i huri noa te ao, ua ahau rite te tangata taitama mau i roto i te taiepa o te casemates. Reira mau tūmanakohia te e ki te hinga o te rangatira o te tikanga toto, a ki te taenga mai o te koero te 60 e te mutunga e taea ki te mahi noa, nui whakama. te kitenga o Ahorangi kihai i taua taero o te evanelia, tona tarutaru - te kino i te reira ki te pūnaha.

Atu hanga ngā i runga i te Abramovna Julia kihai i taea. I roto i te 1982, tomo ia ki te marena ki te tangata Italian, me te rau te whenua. Tenei Ua tauturu tona hoa Milanese Emmy Moresco, e ui te manakohia ki tona hoa Ugo Dzhussani.

"Ko te kaiako o te ora"

Mahue ki Itari i te USSR, he tonu Dobrovol'skaya Julia te taua, "te kaiako": kua karapotia tonu reira i te moana o ngā ākonga ki te pātai. parau haapii tūtohutia ia. mahi weriweri ia, ahakoa 65 tau o te tau.

Reira na tupu e konei te tikanga te taitara o ahorangi Soviet iti ahakoa wetereo rohe, a miharo i nui te matauranga kaiako Russian. pai Julia Abramovna ki te mea i ia kahore tetahi i hoatu e. E whitu nga tau i muri mai, ka noho ia i te orometua, me te i roto i Itari. Tona tuhinga täkutatanga ko te hui mo te hapori pūtaiao o te whenua.

ua tonu Dobrovol'skaya he māngai nui o te ahurea - Russian. whai wāhi ia i roto i te whakaputanga o ngā pukapuka iritihia e ona waiata kāinga. whakamoemititia Itariana "kaiako Russian": te kaituhi Marcello Venturi korerotia e pā ana ki taua mea i roto i tona pūrākau "Gorky Street, 8, Apartment 106". (Kotahi runga i te wa i reira tona wāhitau kāinga).

E mea pinepine i roto i te mua o ona ākonga Italian nga roimata ka, ki runga ki tono, korero tatou e pā ana ki tona ora Julia Dobrovol'skaya. Haurongo kaiwhakamāori me kaiako rite ia he pūrākau tuku: "pehea te mea tino i koe ki te mau muri mate ia, e mōhiotia ana hoa whare wānanga ki te whakapai kanohi ki te 2016, e ona mahi he kaiaka pūtaiao tika o te rōpū ?.?!

Reira noa na tupu e te whenua e rua, e rua ahurea, kitea e rua u'i e i roto i te whakarau uaua o tenei wahine.

mutunga

I muri i te parariraa o te USSR, kua toutou mai reira te kāinga hihiko hoatu uiuiraa.

I te mutunga o tona compatriots mahara epistolary ora uaua mahue Julia Dobrovol'skaya. Pukapuka whakaako Italian-Russian, haere mai i roto i o tona pene, i kō atu e te kohinga o haurongo «Post Scriptum. Engari o pukapuka. "

Te Kaiwhakaako, translator i huri noa i te ao, ko te pono, a ka korerotia tikanga kōrero matatapu kaipānui e pā ana ki te ao, te wahi i ia, e pā ana ki o ratou whakaaro, me mau mana'o e pā ana ki hoa.
I muri i te mate a ia, whakaae te hunga e mohio ki a ia i roto i te whakaaro e, i muri i tona haerenga i mahue ongo taka o parau. ka korerotia e Katoa i ia ki te mahi i, katoa, tuhituhia katoa.