Kaitākaro chess American Bobby Fischer haurongo, ngā meka, whakaahua

I roto i te kaitākaro tino rongonui, mohiotia puta noa i te ao o te whaikīngi, ka taea e te torutoru anake iwi te wehe i ngā tona maramarama faahiahia aro. kawea ratou poto ki te ao o te hākinakina te rota o innovations me ngā rōpū ahurei. Ko tētahi o te tautohenga tino ko Bobby Fischer, te kaitākaro chess kaha o te wā katoa. i rite ki te 186 te taumata o tona IQ, he reira tetahi o nga reiti rawa i roto i te ao.

tau wawe

I whanau Bobby Fischer i te ra ataahua Maehe i te utuafare o te ao. I roto i 1933, te whaea o te toa i mua nei, Regina Wender, rere i Tiamana ki te Soviet Union, ka i roto i tona whenua i haere mai Nasí ki te mana. Hoki etahi wa noho ia i roto i te rohe o te whenua hoa, i reira ka tutaki ia tana tahu heke mai, Gerhard Fischer. I roto i te 1938, tukuna te tokorua i te faaipoiporaa ōkawa, me etahi wa i muri haere ki te US.

I roto i nga āhua, a ka whanau Bobby Fischer i runga i Maehe 9, 1943. I muri i te 2 tau, mahue te papa te whānau, ka hoki ia ki a Germany. Mother tamaiti whaiaro-mātauranga me tona tuahine paari, Joan. hoatu taua kotiro, me tona teina, te whaikīngi tuatahi, ka kua puta ke te ao katoa hoki ia. tīmata Joan ko Robert (Bobby Fischer) ki te ako i te ture, me te tākaro tahi. Neke atu i te wa, ka te tamaiti ake me te ake rumakina i roto i te ao o te chess.

I taua wa, e noho ana te whānau i roto i Brooklyn. Katoa ra, taitamariki Bobby mo te torutoru haora pau i roto i te noho takitahi, te tākaro i ia i roto i te aroha i te kēmu. Kua meinga tenei āwangawanga i roto i te whaea, a ka faaoti ia ki te kitea he hoa mākutu mo tana tama. E kore e mohio ki te wahi ki te tahuri, faaoti ia ki te waiho i te ad i roto i te niupepa. Kaimahi "Brooklyn Eagle", e kore e tino mōhio he aha te wāhanga ki te hoatu i te kuputuhi taua, faaoti ki te tuku i te reira ki te tangata ngakau mohio i roto i te chess nūpepa. tahuri te reira i roto i ki Hermann Helms, e pahono ki te ad i tuhituhi e pā ana ki te whaea o Bobby Brooklyn karapu whaikīngi.

Ko te karapu whaikīngi tuatahi me te kaiako

Whai haora te roa i roto i te pororaru, te kaitākaro taitamariki taea ako nga tinihanga katoa o te kēmu. Kua whakatuwheratia karapu Brooklyn whai wāhitanga hou hoki a ia. Bobby Fischer, tona haurongo ka hohoro kia mohiotia ki te katoa, tīmata ki te whakangungu ki Carmine Nigro. Tenei tangata i te wa ko peresideni o te karapu. pau Young Bobby i roto i tenei rohe tata katoa tona wa e manawapa.

A, no te katia te karapu i, ka inoi i te taitamariki kaitākaro chess tona whaea ki te tango ia ia ki te papa rēhia, "Washington Square." I taua wa i reira i haere ki nga pā katoa o tenei kēmu - i iti ki nui, i whenei pāpori rerekē. I whanau Bobby Fischer ki te tākaro whaikīngi, ko reira kitea kua i roto i aua tau. He tau i muri mai ka mahi ia i roto i te karapu Hortonskom, me te rave rahi taime i te pūkenga marama whakangungua, ka whakangungua te toro Dzhona Kollinza. I taua wa i tae mai ia i te rota o kaitākaro me GMs. Ko i te whare o te kaiako rongonui timata Fisher ki te pānui i tuhinga motuhake e pā ana ki te kēmu.

wikitoria tuatahi

E ako ana i roto i ngā karapu rerekē, whai wāhi Robert i roto i ngā whakataetae katoa, i puritia nei i reira. Ka taea te whakaaro ona whakaora tuatahi ki te riro i te whakataetae ā-rohe kēmu i te tau o te 10. Kei te nui tu te reira i roto i roto i ona hoa, ko te kāhua kore anake o te kēmu, engari ano hoki te hiahia ki te hei i te pai.

timata News o te kaitākaro ngingila ki te mahuetanga i te hapori chess iti o Amerika. timata Bobby ki kukume whakarongo, a kua i roto i te 13 tau kua karangatia ki tauwhāinga maha. Pinepine, whai wāhi ia i roto i te kēmu tukutahi te wahi i kotahi i ana hoariri etahi o nga kaiuru kaha. ka mau tetahi hui taua wahi i roto i Cuba, te wahi i haere ai ia me Regina Wender, tona whaea. karangatia grandmasters Famous te prodigy taitamariki ki te tākaro i te kēmu, he aha Robert whakaae tonu, te reira te whai wāhi ki te ako i tetahi mea hou, me te ki matau i te whakaaro nui o te rangatira.

I roto i te 16 tau, ua faaoti Fischer ki te waiho i te whare mātauranga, i roto i te tikanga ki te tino horo'a ia ki ako me te tākaro chess. Ia takitahi i te kāinga whakaritea i roto i te whakarara e rave rahi kēmu ki ia. Horahia e na roto i te ruma o te poari, kei te tētahi haere ia i tetahi ki te tahi atu, te aromatawai, me te whakaaro i roto i te nuku i runga i ngā taha e rua.

whakataetae

I roto i te raumati o 1956 ko US whakataetae teina i roto i nei ka taitamariki Bobby Fischer tona taitara tuatahi, a ka meinga te toa whakaotinga o te whakataetae. I muri i taua timata te raupapa o whakataetae e ka arahi ia ia ki te karauna whaikīngi, i moe te tangata mai i te tamarikitanga.

I roto i te 1958 uru ia i roto i Yugoslavia kēmu zonal. I reira, ka tutaki ia ki he maha grandmasters ārahi. tona wa e manawapa katoa pau Fischer i te whanaketanga o ngā rautaki hou, me te whakauaua mai i roto o tona ruma. ka mea nga kaiuru e ki te titiro i te taata te mea he kuware, engari ka tae mai ki te tepu, ai ta katoa o reira te kēmu.

Ko reira kawea te wikitoria Tararā Robert te whai wāhi ki te whakataetae i ngā taumata teitei. I roto i te kaitono 1959 i tū Tournament, i nei fehangahangai te prodigy taitamariki i ki nga kaitākaro chess kaha o te ao. Te riroraa anake i roto i te whenua ke, kihai kihai i ia he kaiāwhina, te tuarua te tahi atu taha ranei. whakatau me ngā mahi katoa kawea ia ki waho takitahi. I noho te wā e manawapa Daily Bobby i tona chess ruma tākaro, i ko ona hoariri aratau tika, nui hoki te tamaaraa i rorerore. hanga Fisher he rota o hape, engari ka mau tonu te wahi 5, e atu whakakaha tona ingoa, me te kua whakatuwheratia ake opuaraa whanui.

I roto i te 1961, e te whakataetae i muri wahi i roto i te pa o tahe. Tupu-ake, me te pai-rite kaitākaro chess American Bobby Fischer toa tata katoa te Pāti me i ngā i roto i te wahi tuarua. I paku ngaro te taua tūranga ki Spassky, e te prodigy taitamariki i roto i te tau 1966 ki Piatigorsky Cup, i tangohia e wahi i roto i Santa Monica.

kawea whakataetae muri Robert, atu rongonui i roto i te ao o te chess. riro ia te nuinga o nga kēmu, a puritia te wahi 1 2 ranei. Tona kāhua o te tākaro riro māia ake me kaha. Ki te taua whakangungu, me te kua whakapumautia Moody, ka haere mai te natura tutu me te kino o te maramarama ake ki te whakataetae matua o tona ora. I 29 tau tau i ia ki te whawhai ki te Grandmaster kaha o te USSR.

Game ki Borisom Spasskim

I roto i te 1972, Bobby Fischer, te kaitākaro kaha US nei i ki te riro i te whawhai mo te taitara ao. Tona hoariri ko Boris Spassky. whakaaro ana tēnei kēmu e ki kia te whakataetae o te rau tau, kua kawea mai te reira i te rota o te aau, e kore anake te whenua kaitākaro, engari ano hoki huri noa i te ao, e whanga ana i te whawhai. Ko reira i roto i te Cold War, a hono maha rōpū Spassky me Fischer tautohetohe i waenganui i rua mana nui.

ka mau te ōrite wahi i roto i Reykjavik. Kua whakakitea te meneti tuatahi o te kēmu e taea tatou e titau katoa o te kaitākaro American. Ko te katoa i timata 5 pm, ko rite Spassky ka noho tatari mo te tīmatanga. timata te kēmu, hanga te Grandmaster Soviet te nekehanga tuatahi, ka pāwhiri i runga i te karaka chess. titiro whakamua katoa ki roto i te rua o te whakataetae.

haere meneti, ko Bobby Fischer, te toa US, kihai i puta. mai Spassky ki te whakawa, mea papû e, ki te kōrero i runga i te ara whakamua, a ka haere mai ki te ruma, Robert. E kore te mea tenei āhuatanga kotahi atu wiki ka aparau i te niupepa katoa i roto i te ao nei. Kua i taua wa ka whakatata whakarongo te Grandmaster American ki ia, ka tākaro i tona ahua o te whanonga rereke, me te ohorere. Na reira, ko te kēmu aru te ao katoa, haunga tenei riri haere ki tua atu i te ōrite mua.

haere Fisher i te kēmu i roto i te raupapa o whakaora. Hoki nga tau maha i faaineine ia mo tenei whakataetae, ngaro Spassky i te whakataetae i te wawe tau. Grandmaster Soviet, i runga i te anga ke, i muri i te fariiraa i taitara o te toa ka iti iho whakarongo utua ki te whakangungu me te takaro ana. I muri, te pānga i runga i te hua.

Na, tīmata te puranga tuatahi. Bobby Fischer, te tupu o i ko e pā ana ki 185 cm i runga i te tepu, e noho ana i roto i tona parahiraa ake, i rawa kawea hoki tenei whakataetae. kino ia ia katoa: nga topuku marama, me te tangi o te marumaru kāmera, me te aroaro o te iwi, ahakoa o ratou ana'iraa me mahi.

Ahakoa tenei, ka haere pai te rōpū, engari i tetahi ira hanga Fischer te hape, e taea te hanga e koe i te tīmatanga anake, a ka ngaro. Tenei arahina ia ki te riri, a ka ui ia i te ngā ki te paparazzi katoa me to ratou taputapu kua kua tangohia atu i te whare. He i whakakahore, he Grandmaster American nekehia, hoatu ki runga ki te haere tonu i te whawhai. Te ōrite tahuri atu ki te kia fakahohaasi, me te wikitoria i roto i te kēmu tuarua whakawhiwhia aunoa ki Spassky.

I muri 1.5 marama o Bobby Fischer otiia whakaae ia ki te whakaoti i te ōrite, engari i whakakikitia e nga ngā ki te neke i te kēmu ki te wahi e tika ana ake. puta te reira ki te waiho i te ruma iti mo te kēmu o te tēnehi tepu. Tuatoru, me o muri katoa haere kē te tauari rerekē. A i roto i te mutunga i American te toa. Bobby Fischer, te toa ma tahi ao, i tatari e taitara mo te 15 nga tau roa mai te wikitoria mo kaitākaro US katoa.

Huri noa i te ōrite tonu haere ake te hype. māngai Soviet ui Chess Association ki tirohia te rangi, raiti me te nohoanga āhuru, te wahi i ia te Kaiwhakaora, ka ūkuia te meka i whakaputaina te kaitākaro te pānga o ngā matū ngaru irirangi ranei. I muri i whakamātautau tupato o te whakahaere ao o ngā āhuatanga katoa o te taunakitanga o tenei ariā e kore kua i kitea.

Ko te whawhai whakamutunga

I muri i te fariiraa i te taitara o te toa ao Bobby Fischer, e ka hiahia i roto i te haurongo o kaitākaro tauhou me ngaio, rau reira te mata, me te riro mo te ia. I te tau 1975, i mahara ia ki te puta i roto i te kēmu ki a Anatoliem Karpovym, ki te whakaū i tona taitara. Na waiho GM me te hui.

wā roa e kore ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te kaitākaro chess nui i korerotia i. E whakaatu ana te reira i pēhea te huna tangata ko Bobby Fischer. Kei te kāpehu, ano tona ora whaiaro i roto i te mea ngaro. I te tahi taime i taea rongo koutou i kite ai ia i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te ao.

I roto i te 1992, ka whakaritea te rōpū te ao o te rematch i waenganui Spassky me Fischer. I tĭtĭ i te moni nui, ko te poka taonga mo US $ 3 miriona. pau ana tēnei kēmu e ki te huritau 20 o te tukinga Spassky - Fischer, e haere ki raro, i roto i te aamu o te chess ao.

I whakaritea e te rematch ki te kawe i roto i roto i Yugoslavia. Ko He Amerika ki taua whenua i taua wa faingataa i whanaunga tōrangapū, a whakatuma te Tāhuhu o Finance Fischer aukati. Otiia e kore e kua e mutu GM, a hurihia, ara putanga. I muri i tana whakatānga i chess i roto i 1975, i whakahē tonu ia kaupapa here o Washington me kāwanatanga US katoa.

Ko pai te kēmu, tū hoariri 30 kēmu, a ka haere mai ano te toa Bobby Fischer i roto. Ahakoa tenei, korerotia nga tohunga katoa kotahi te reo i roto i taua e kore ko te taua te taumata o ngā kaitākaro e rua. Otiia i whakaaro te Grandmaster te ōrite, me te kua mea tonu te taitara e kihai i ngaro ia tona toa karauna, rite te hoariri kaha atu ia ia, kihai i whakatau ia ia.

ora whaiaro

Bobby Fischer, kua kāpehu, i roto i te mea ngaro nei te ora whaiaro, te wa kēmu i oti rawa katoa. Fakataha ki te kotiro e kore tata reira i kite. I roto i te uiuiraa i roto i te Häkinakina i 1962, ngā ia ki kairīpoata etahi onäianei. I runga i te take o te wahine, ka mea ia e titiro mo te rōpū tika. Otiia kaua whiriwhiri ahau kahore Ameliká, no te mea, i roto i tona whakaaro, ko ratou motuhake rawa, me te whanoke. whakahaua tona kanohi i i nga kotiro i te Te Tai Rāwhiti.

Kotahi ra, ka whai wāhi Fisher-tau 17-tau i roto i te whakataetae, i tonoa ia e te whakataetae ki te wahine nei i taea e ki te hopu i te prodigy tamaiti. Ko te wā katoa o te whakataetae, takaro ia kino, mai te wa noa katoa pau ki aroha hou. Ko te hua i ko he kaitākaro ngingila i runga i te tūranga o raro i roto i te tepu kawenata. Ko reira he haapiiraa pai mo taitamariki Robert, a mai i reira ko tona aroha anake te kēmu o chess.

Bobby Fischer: Interesting Facts

I roto i tona ora, te kaitākaro chess rongonui i ahei te tu mo tona kēmu ngingila kore anake. I muri riro ia te taitara, tupu ana hiahia me hiahia tino. Hei tauira, ki te tākaro kihai i tīmata i te reira i mua i te 4 pm, no te mea i aroha ia ki te moe. A i mua ko te whakataetae ki te kia tino ki te tango i te kaukau i roto i te poka tākaro tēnehi i runga i te marae ranei.

whakaaro American kaitākaro chess Bobby Fischer te kore noa i te kaitākaro ngingila, engari ano hoki i te tino rongonui Wairau i taua wa. I muri i te fariiraa i te taitara tīmata ia ki te tiki wāhi i roto i te e whakatakotoria ao , me te pānui i pā ana ki taua mea pukapuka maha, me te tuhinga. I muri i te tahi mau wa puta i roto i te press o ana tauākī pakeke ki Hurai, Ameliká me Awherikana.

I muri hinga Borisom Spasskim i 1972 ka Bobby Fischer te hero motu. Ki te reira e faaoti kirimana maha kamupene rongonui, e kua tahuri tata tonu iho. tamata rongonui ki kukume ia ki ngā rōpū me whakanui. Te nuinga kapi ake katoa ki te ako i ia te kēmu. Otiia i muri i te ia te toa rongonui Bobby Fischer, tānga whakaahua ka huaina putanga katoa he kaituku me te oma.

Robert hae o te kēmu, ka whakapono e te whaikīngi hākinakina utu iti aro. Na reira, ka ui ia mo te whai wāhitanga i roto i te whakataetae rimurapa utu, ūkuia te meka e kore kaitākaro e whiwhi kaimekemeke iti me ētahi atu kaitäkaro o nga pekanga atu rongonui. whanau tenei huru kaitākaro tairanga kua hua, ka timata toa ki te kukume atu kaimätakitaki ki te mata, me te pā.

Ko tētahi o nga ngā o whaikīngi ariā me te kaituhi o maha tuhinga i runga i te kēmu ko Bobby Fischer, he whakaahua o e taea te kitea i roto i te mau papai o tenei kaupapa. ako e ia puranga o tauwhāinga tane me te wahine, a ka whakaaro ratou i koki rerekē, te heheu mai i te paearu e tika ana, me kaupae mō whakaora heke mai.

Ko tētahi o nga āhuatanga ko GM te kore o te tikanga o te whakakatakata, i arahina ia ki te hoko 157 whakawa. Ko te take hoki tenei i taua i roto i tetahi o nga kēmu ki te hoa tauwhainga ui Bobby Fischer e pā ana ki tona ahua ataahua, me te huatau, me te whakapūtā te nui tika reira. Ka mea ia e 150 mongamonga, engari ko te reira i te kata, e kore i matau Robert. Otiia i mahara te toa ki te waiho i te toa i roto i nga mea katoa, a ka honoa mai ia ki ona kākahu kakahu 157.

tu Fisher tona pukenga kore anake i roto i te kēmu o chess. Ko ia he Return, a mohio pehea ki te korero 5 reo. ko aroha o te tuhinga ia, ka kite i nga wa katoa pukapuka i roto i te taketake. I roto i ngā o te moni, ko marino tonu ia. Ka taea e tatou te mea, kihai i Fisher hiahia ratou, ehara i te mea he kaikohi o ngā toi mea faufaa ranei, i tau'a ki te kai nui, me te pai te iwi taonga katoa. Ko, ahakoa tenei, ko ia he utu motuhake ki te iwi whānui, pā me kairīpoata.

Ki te haerenga mai o te hangarau rorohiko me te Internet katoa i runga i te wahi, timata maha rangatira chess te ihupuku whakataetae i roto i te wāhi hiko. Na i kitea e ratou he hoariri tika, ka whakawhanake i ngā rautaki hou ki te hoatu tauhou te whai wāhi ki te ako i te ngaio. ka mea tetahi kaitākaro Ingarihi o te piha haapiiraa teitei Naydzhel Poto e tākaro online ia ki a Fischer. O te akoranga, kihai i te ariki nui rahi haina tona ingoa, engari ko kitea te kāhua o te tākaro e ko te reira tenei.

whakaaro tuwhena

Bobby Fischer, te rā o orua ki te wā o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao nei whanau, i timata te tangata taitamariki ki te kia whai wāhi i roto i ariā whakatakotoria me tuhinga tōrangapū. I muri whiwhi i te taitara ao kua korerotia e ia ki te kāwanatanga US. Otiia riri ki nga Hurai, nga Kominiusi, me iti fakasekisualé i tīmata hoki i roto i te 60raa. I taua wa, ko tona whaea i roto i te Soviet Union i te hui ki Ninoy Hruschevoy ka whakamana wā i runga i te reo irirangi. Tenei arahina Fisher ki rabies me te ake ahi tona mauahara.

Ia i whakapono hoki e nga Hurai o te ao oma katoa, ratou i katoa whakatau-hanga tūranga me i roto i ngā whakahaere katoa. whakapono ia e hiahia wawe ratou ki te tango me te horoi Amerika i te iwi e hiahiatia. Na tenei ahakoa te meka e reira tino rere ratou toto! I roto i to ratou whenua, i whakaaro ia he kaituku, he tangata i oma. Ko te whakahau nui o tona āhukahuka i whakaaetia mahi kaiwhakatuma ki te United States Mahuru 11, 2001. ka mea ia e te reira te wā ki te whana Amerika, a ka hiahia ia ki te waiho i te kaiwhakaatu o pehea e ngaro tenei whenua i te mata o te ao.

tau tata nei

I muri i te kēmu ki a Borisom Spasskim Fischer i ki te huna i te tika. Ko te take hoki tenei ko kanga te kāwanatanga o US i te whai wāhitanga o te kaitākaro chess nui i roto i te whakataetae i roto i tenei whenua. I taua wa, i te aukati ki Yugoslavia no o te whawhai i roto i nga Balkans kua whakaurua. Otiia kihai i Fischer tiaki hoki reira, heoi kihai ia i taea e hoki te kāinga, pera i tatari ia mo te marae, me te 10 tau i roto i te whare herehere.

Te patu i te hui tau, ka mau e ia tona utu, a haere ana ki Switzerland. I muri i te noho poto i roto i te whenua oho ki Hungary. Ko te US Federal Bureau tukuna he whakamana mo te hopu o te Grandmaster. Na'e taki atu eni ki te meka i haere Fischer ki huna, tuatahi i roto i nga Philippines, ka i te fenua Tapone, a ia wā oho i wahi ki te tuu.

Mai kore i taea e Amerika Grandmaster haere hoki, ua faaoti ia ki te rapu rerenga i te whare o tona matua. Bobby Fischer, te kaitākaro whaikīngi, he whakaahua o i whakanohoia nga pukapuka tino rongonui i roto i te ao, he inaianei i roto i te hiahia o te kāinga hou. tuku i ia he tono mo te raraunga i roto i Germany, engari kua pai. I roto i te waenganui o te raumati o te tau 2004 i hopukina ia i roto i te rererangi Japanese ka ngana ki te waiho i te whenua. titau hoatu Fischer US Tuhinga Tiriti.

Na, tūtohutia nga roia o te toa mua te ki te tono mo te raraunga i roto i Tiorangi, te wahi i hanga e ia tona whakataetae fakangalongata'a, me te whakaora. I roto i te puna 2005, i hanga te whakatau. mana ka Robert Fischer te tangata o tenei whenua, ki te tiki i te uruwhenua, me te haere i Tapone ki te kāinga hou.

Reykjavik me nga tau whakamutunga o te Grandmaster nui haere. I roto i te 2007, uru Fisher ki te hōhipera ki te tātaritanga o "kore ate". kihai i Treatment te āwhina, me i Hānuere 2008, kihai i meinga i te kaitākaro nui, me te faahiahia o te wā katoa. I hanga e ia te kēmu he maha nui o innovations, a kawea ana e ia ki te taumata hou.

Hoki nga tau maha i mua i te mate i ora Bobbi Fisher anake, ka riro roiate mo ana pukapuka, i roto i nei whakaahuatia e ia ona kēmu, a whakaakona te toi o te tākaro chess. tae mai ia wā te hoa torutoru ia, ka mau tonu.