Toi me whakangahau, Toi
Kaiwhakatū o photojournalism hōia Robert Capa: He Haurongo, auaha me te ngā meka
kua tukua e ia hoki 40 nga tau maha i. haere ahau katoa i runga i te ao, i hoa ki te kaituhi tino rongonui, me te pūkenga o tona wa, pērā i Hemingway ko Steinbeck, tae mai nga pakanga e rima, ko te tupuna o te momo katoa - photojournalism hōia.
Kei te tatari te reira mo te heke mai nui!
A, no te i roto i te tau 1913 i te rangatira hapu o te studio ahua i roto i te pokapū o Budapest, Dezso ko Dzhulii Fridman, whanau he tamaiti i, i mohio ratou - ka waiho i te reira he tangata faahiahia, e ka waiho he angitu i roto i te ora. Ko tētahi o nga tohu, ka kite ratou i tetahi tohu iti i runga - ko te tamaiti i runga i te ringa ringa anō, i neatly nekehia kahore tetahi hopearaa mo te hauora me te ahua o te tamaiti. Tama ko Andre Erno, engari i muri i te ia ka e ia te īngoa, rite te taihara, a ka te īngoa mō te ia tona ingoa - Bundy. Mahino, tenei tamaiti Hurai i te utuafare pai taa ê riri tutu, whakaaro ngahau me te whakarihariha mo te ora ata.
Ka haere mai nga 30raa. Hungary ko tetahi o nga whenua i reira ka haere mai nga fascists ki te mana, me te rōpū Ua whai wāhi tonu i roto i te kaupapa mautohe ki te tikanga o Horthy. I muri i tona hopu me te inonotitanga pirihimana rau ia Hungary, a i roto i 1931 tomo ia te University o Berlin i te Faculty o Journalism. Otiia kihai i kitea te moni mo te haere tonu o ngā akoranga, ka haere te rōpū ki te mahi i roto i Die pokapū photo Foto. Energy me sociability kore te tangata taitama i haere hia, a hohoro timata ia ki tohutohutia rangahau o ngā tōrangapū nui, e i te wa hapa te tere puta noa i Europe.
Ko te angitu tuatahi
A paraparau i roto i te Hakihea 1932 i roto i Copenhagen, Leon Trotsky, whakahekea e Stalin i te whenua wehi kōhurutanga, rāhuitia tetahi whakaahua. Ko te photographer taitamariki André Friedmann whakahaere ki te tango i etahi pikitia, i whakaputaina maha pukapuka ārahi Pākehā. Ko reira tīmata te angitu tūturu tuatahi photojournalist. haamata ia ki te kia takoto ki te mau parau tumu o to ratou tikanga, te rangatira o e ka kauwhau ia i muri, kia rite ki Robert Capa: "! Ki te kore e tino pai koutou pikitia - te auraa e kore koutou i kati nui"
Ko ia i roto i 1933 i roto i te ngakau o te mahi i roto i te pokapū o te kōhua, e brews ati heke mai nui rawa o te ao o te whawhai: ki te kaha i roto i Germany ka haere nga kau Nasí. photojournalist Hurai ki tirohanga leftist i roto i Berlin ka ora whakawehi, ka oho ia ki a France i roto i Paris. I reira, i roto i te 1935, rite ko reira ka tawai ia, "i te tau o 22 whanau te" kaiwhakarewa o te photojournalist hōia Robert Capa heke mai. "Matua" taea te whakaaro André Friedmann, engari ko ia, rite tūmanakohia, te "whaea".
Gerda taro
Ko ratou hui tupono parakore. A, no te karangatia Andre rite te tauira kotahi kotiro tino, pera me rere ia i nga kau Nasí, te tetahi he i te wahine marena hou, me te mohio ki te ingoa o te photographer ataahua, ka mau tona hoa. ko ia he Hurai Tiamana ki pakiaka Polish, a ko tona ingoa Gerda Anna Pogorilaya. kihai i pakaru Centerfolds kororia, heoi Gerda kihai i taea e nga Pīhanga o Don Juan pato'ii te. tahuri te reira i roto i taua i ratou hoa, ko Gerda, rite Andre, kei te ngana ki te hanga i te photojournalism ora. Career Andre ārai mohio rawakore o Wīwī, me te aroaro i roto i Paris o tetahi photojournalist mō whānau Friedman. Hohoro tahi E whakawhanake ratou nuka hokohoko chic.
Ko te ngako o ratou hoax ko, rite kia waiho ai, ohie, me te kakama. kaitango Hurai Engari kerekere, e kore nei e hiahia ana ki te mahi ki kore putanga totoka ki te puta i te photographer rongonui me ahakoa i tawhiti Amerika, i reira motumotuhia ana pikitia i roto i te niupepa, me makasini tino whai mana, a ka mahi i te reira e te kaihoko motuhake i roto i ngā - rawa photographer, taitamariki kotiro leftist. I maoro timata ki te puta Koinei te wā, me te whakapeka, maha pūrongo whakaahua kinotia, hainatia e te ingoa ātaahua o Robert Capa (Robert Capa) te pēhi Paris. Whiriwhiringa ki te ētita arahina tona kaiwhakahaere - Gerda Taro, ano te tahi mau taime unga ratou mahi. Te iwi taitamariki kitea ti'amâraa photo, kua riro rongo nui, te wahi i te namata American tahi-rangatira ko Tarot - tona kaituhituhi, me te kaiwhakahaere.
Ko te whawhai i roto i te Spain
i whakakitea hoax, ka oho ratou ki New York, a tamata ki hoatu te rangatira tona ti'amâraa whakaahua mo te Wīwī rongonui. Otiia ko tino rongonui ia, a mai hanga Robert Capa kikokiko me te toto, me te titiro rawa mīharo. Rama i tīmata te Spanish Civil War , haere Robert ko Gerda rite te kaitango pai-mohiotia, e kore e nga ingoa Me pānuitanga me hoaxes. I tua atu ki te moni ngaio i roto i te mara timata ki te whawhai ki fascism, a huaina ana e ratou mo etahi aroha i mahue, whakaaro-pāpori rawa e whakanuia tokomaha ia iwi whakaaro katoa i runga i te ao.
Ko te pakanga tuatahi, e whetū Robert Capa, ko tona wheako tuatahi, i roto i nei mahi e ia tikanga o te tango whakaahua, te pakipūmeka e tika e kore anake, engari ano aau nui, me te pānga kaha nui i runga i te whakarongo. ngā ana whakapakoko tonu huru whaiaro tūmatanui ki te mea kei te tupu - te aroha me te whakaute mō te kotahi pūāhua, whakahawea me te tikanga ki etahi atu. itoito Whaiaro me te pūngao taea Cape ki te tango pikitia, hongi o paura, me te makape anga tangi, me te waimarie pai me hehema toi - ki te hanga a ratou tuhinga hītori fakangalongata'a, me te mīharo te.
Ko te whakapakoko tino rongonui
Mahuru 5, 1936 Capa i roto i te rua o nga Republicans i te rohe o te whānuitanga o Sierra Morena maunga. Ko iti te huru o te whawhai nei ātete Frankists. Kūpapa, kaitautoko arā o te käwanatanga, tiaki te mana tika o te tutu General Franco, mohio ia ratou hoariri ko nga mihini hou German, ka taea pihinga ki te kaha inä.
I muri mai haamana'o Capa e ka whakarewa i te rangatira kūpapa kapa he whakaeke aru, ka timata nga tangata ki te piki i roto o piringa, i rongo nui pū. kitenga Photographer tona "Leica" i runga i te waikeri me matapo unuhia te keu. A, no te kino, ka tonoa te ti'amâraa i roto i Capa, kua whakakitea reira i roto i maha pukapuka pikitia whakaputaina, ko muri i te whakaahua tino rongonui i roto i te ao, i hanga i roto i te whawhai. He i ngā whakaaturanga, me te rangahau, ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te āhua tū o te whakaahua, te moepuku o atamira, whakahaeretia e Capa. e kore e tautohetohe mutu noa nei, engari te mauri o te pikitia i hanga te kaitango whakaahua Robert Capa, e kore e huri i te reira: te kau ordinariness o te mate, ruma hiri, whakaatu ana te kino - whawhai te ngau ke - anti-tangata.
mate
I roto i te raumati o 1937 i roto i te tīwae whati o Republicans, e tata ana te tapa Madrid o Brunete, aitua mongamonga te werohia tetahi taraka tank. Ko reira he hoa me te hoa o Capa - Gerda taro. Ko te ra i muri mai - Hōngongoi 26 - mate ia i tona whara. Te rironga o te mana nui i runga i Robert. haamana'o ana hoa e tino kore i taea e ki te ora i reira tae noa ki te mutunga ia. Na i ia ki te mahi i roto i te ti'amâraa taua, te whanau o ratou mahere tahi, engari tino nui - ngaro ia tona kaumeá aroha, ki nei, kia rite ki te tahi mau puna, i haere ki te ite i te oaoa ta raua moe tahi.
I runga i te whawhai i muri haere ia anake. Photos tangohia Capa i Haina, whakaurua kihai e tāwāhi anake ki rohe maha o te whenua nga Pakeha me Ameliká, engari mahi ano hoki i rite te tohu whakamataku e nga mura o te Pakanga II o te Ao i te whakaekenga o te ope Japanese i roto i 1938 te pahųtanga o ki te kaha whakahoutia, a ka noho i roto i te taha-kore kotahi e angitu.
ao
Ko te taa o te ture American mō te raraunga i roto i te tau 1940 arahina ki te āhuatanga ihoa ki te photojournalist kua rongonui. Capa ōkawa noho te tangata o Hungary - he hoa o Nasí Germany me anti-Hitler whakakotahitanga o te hoariri. Heoi, ko reira i roto i ko te whawhai i te kaimahi e pā ana o te mana LIFE makasini American. I roto i tenei kaha, whai wāhi ia i roto i te ngā mahi toto'ia o ope Expeditionary American i roto i Europa - i roto i te tauranga o ngā hōia Allied i Normandy.
I muri, i roto i tona pukapuka rongonui "huna Tirohanga" i tangohia Robert Capa i te pono, me te whakamataku ona whakaahuatanga hāngai o Pipiri 6, 1944, whakahaere ia i roto i te rohe o te rängai o te rohe Norman, tohua i runga i nga mahere o te hōia US rite te rāngai Omaha Beach. Ko ia anake te kairīpoata i roto i te wahi tino kino o te taunga o ngā hōia American. I waiho i raro ia ki te mōrea e wehingia nga tuarua, neke tahi me nga hoia noa i raro i te ahi e wehingia ana i nga Tiamana ki pari tiketike uta.
whakaahuatia Capa e rave rahi rīpene kiriata, te oreraa e tiaki ratou i matā, kongokonga me te taka ki roto ki te wai. Na ka ka tatari i te reira mo te ru: hoki whakakitea tirotiro o te kaitoi e i roto i te moheni "Life" i roto i tonoa London rauemi Capa i Normandy, kua tata katoa o te kiriata kua ngaro. Tiaki 11 anake matā, i ngā hē hangarau. Kitea rawatia ake i roto i reira makaro, tia, kotingotingo ki hoatu te whakaahua kia whakaputa e haere ratou pāpāho katoa o te ao ārahi me kua meinga Talafungani o te whakaahua.
Ko te ti'amâraa "Magnum"
E kore te kororia pou-whawhai o te US tino rongonui fotohronikera ke te ara o te ora o Robert Capa. I ia hoa ki toi me kaituhi, whai ahau he kuru i runga i nga whetu kiriata. i rite ki te marena ia ia, ki te mutu ia ki te haere ki o ratou haerenga i roto i ngā rohe pakanga hōia - te diva tino rongonui o te wa - auheke Ingrid Bergman. Ka rite ki te hua, ka whawhati ake ratou.
I te tau 1947 ka whakaturia te reira ti'amâraa whakaahua "Magnum", i ahu e Robert Capa. Classics o photography - Henri Cartier-Beresson, Rawiri Seymour, Dzhordzh Rodzher - e piri ia i te tikanga, ki te hanga i te rōpū ārahi o kaitango pakipūmeka e taea whakaahua ngā hea i roto i te ao ki te kounga e tika ana, me te tere. Kua tēnei whāinga kua tutuki, ahakoa te ti'amâraa hinga taimi faingata'á.
War i muri i te whawhai
Robert Capa, biography, whakaahua, ngā pukapuka e he ki tonu o te rauemi e wehingia ana i te mara o whawhai hōia, i aroha ki te kopere, me te ora nonga, te kimi kōrero hei te waiata. I roto i te 1949, haere ia ki te Soviet Union, i reira ko te ngana ki te whakatuwhera ake i te waho waihotia te "pihi rino".
Otiia noho te mahi matua o te photojournalism hōia. haere Capa i ki haere ki te wahi ngateri ana i nga matā. I roto i te 1948, i hipokina e ia te mau ohipa o te whawhai whakaaturia e te Arapi States ki te State hou o Iharaira.
I hanga kaipūrongo whakaahua Last Robert Capa May 25, 1954 i roto i Indochina. E whakaatu ana te reira i pehea kotiti äta hoia American, faka'ehi'ehi mei wāhanga tahitahi ara. I roto i te kau e rongo koe i te pahūtanga maina, mutu te ora o te photojournalist rongonui.
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