Karu - he wāhi ki te titiro ki te Universe

Ehara i te mea uaua ki te imi e te whātata - ko tenei he pūrere whatu i hangaia te ki te aroturuki i te tinana te rangi. Ko e mo'oni, tona mahi matua ko ki te kohikohi i te radiation hiko tukuna o te ahanoa mamao, me te tuku i te reira ki te arotahi, te wahi i hanga whakapakoko nui te ranei hua tohu rahi roa'tu, te. I teie mahana, i reira e he maha o whātata rerekē - i te kāinga, e taea te tiki te katoa ki tiketike-pū, pērā i, mo te tauira, rite te "Hubble", taea ki te titiro i nga milioni me pirioni o te marama-tau hohonu ki te ao ...

He hītori iti

Kei te whakapono te reira e te tuatahi puta i roto i te 1609 e rua-arotahi karu whakaaro e Galileo Galilei. Heoi, ehara i te mea. He tau mua, hiahia te Dutchman Iogann Lippersgey ki tenenga tona pūrere arā, o te arotahi whakaurua ki te ngongo, ki i hoatu e ia te ingoa "whātata", engari i pai no te mea o te tapatahi o te hoahoa.

I mua, i te mutunga o te rau tau XVI, te arorangi Thomas Digges tamata ki mataara nga whetu i roto i te whakaata kōpapa me ngā arotahi. Heoi, e kore kua te whakaaro kua kawea mai ki tona mutunga arorau. Galileo hoki noa i tupono ki "i te wa e tika i roto i te wahi tika": Titiro Lippersgeyya i te rangi, kitea ana e ia nga piere o me maunga i runga i te mata o te marama, me te maha atu mea ngā. Ko e 'uhinga e whakaaro ia te arorangi tuatahi nei whakamahia te karu whātata. hoatu ara tenei ki te wā o whātata refracting.

Momo o te taputapu whatu

Ka taea te hāngai whātata Optical roherohea ki ngā momo i runga i te momo taketake huānga kohikohi marama i runga i te whakaata, tirohanga, me te whakaata-arotahi (paheko) taputapu. Ia o enei momo he ona ake huapai me ngā huakore, na tangohia kia ka kōwhiri i te pūnaha e tika ana ki te pūkete āhuatanga e rave rahi: te tikanga, me te whakaaro o te mātakitaki, te wahi whakaritenga wāhi, taimaha, me te mateā, utu, me te pera i runga i. Kia taipitopito atu ki te matau e te karu taua, a he aha e ko te rongonui tino o ona momo nga āhuatanga matua. Na, kia rite ki te karu titiro reira?

refractor arotahi

E whakamahia ēnei whātata mō te āwhiwhitanga o te arotahi, e tika ana ki tona curvature kohia marama. Just rite i roto i te tahi atu whakaaro whatu (kāmera, whārahi, etc ...), te katoa kua huihui arotahi i roto i te pūrere kotahi - te arotahi.

I tēnei wā e te nuinga whātata whakangutungutu whakamahia e amateurs, rite kitea tātai kati anake nga aorangi me te marama.

painga:

• Ngā ohie hanga, tika me te noho pai o te whakamahi.
• E titau te reira kahore tiaki motuhake.
• reproduction Excellent tae i roto i te mahi apochromatic me e pai ana i roto i achromatic.
• Perfect mō te mātakitaki o whetu rua, aorangi, te marama, ina koa i apertures nui.
• Nohopuku stabilization waiariki.
• E kore e te arotahi rapua e tetahi whakatikatika, mai whakaritea te kaihanga te ara i roto i te hanga.

huakore:

• Ina whakaritea ki katadioptrikami me ngā whakaata i te utu teitei o te diameter arotahi o te kōwae.
• Practical diameter nui o piata iti e utu, me te bulkiness.
• Nā ki here piata ahu refractors iti e tika ana mō te mātakitaki tawhiti, ngā atarua.

Mirror karu whakaata

karu kahuki - he pūrere whatu, e mahi te mahi o te whakaata arotahi marama-hauhake. pea te whakaata matua diameter iti (porohita) ranei nui (unahi).

painga:

• Ina whakaritea ki he raro katadioptrikami me refractors piata diameter o te utu kōwae.
• Kiato, me te watea mo te transportation.
• Nā ki te piata āhua nui, te reira nui mahi ki kitenga o ngā tawhiti, me te hemo: tautau whetu, Nebulae, ikarangi.
• No aberration chromatic. He kanapa Images, ki te distortion iti

huakore:

• I roto i te wa wera-tautuhinga hiahiatia te no te mea o te whakaata karaihe nui.
• Image paku hē hoki o te putorino tuwhera, wateatanga i ngā rangi mahana, me te puehu.
• Wā e hiahiatia ana whakaata tīaroaro, e i roto i te mahi transportation ranei e taea te ngaro.

Mirror-arotahi, catadioptric ranei

whātata Catadioptric - he pūrere optical i roto i i maturuturu iho ngā momo o te whakapakoko distortion tika ki te whakamahi o whakaata i roto ia ratou me ki te arotahi whakatika. Nā ki te meka i kitea te marama kei roto i te ngongo e rave rahi taime, e taea e roa te arotahi. E taea e ki te hopu i te whakapakoko ētahi tauira. Ki te whakamahia hoki tenei whakaaro catadioptric karu, whakaahua tahuri atu tino pai.

painga:

• Te ako o hape taumata-tiketike.
• Perfect mō te mātakitaki e rua taonga tata pērā i te marama, me nga taonga i roto i te wāhi hohonu.
• ngongo Kati maximally tiaki i te puehu me te rere mahana rangi.
• Whakaritea ki ngā whakaata me refractors i piata rite rongoa compactness mōrahi.
• Ina whakaritea ki te utu o te refractor piata nui ko te nui raro.

huakore:

• Āhua roa stabilization waiariki.
• rite ki te uara o te piata nui atu i taua o te whakaata.
• he uaua Whaiaro-hāngaitanga tika ki te matatini o te hoahoa.

whātata wāhi Modern

Haere mai i te ara roa (tīmata ki te karu whātata o te rau tau XVII, me te mutu roroa wāhi aunoa), kua whakatuwheratia te whātata whai wāhitanga nui ki te ako i te rangi po. Ko reira he maha ngā āhuatanga e ārai i te tangata, ara nga whātata e hāngai ana whenua-kaha tino ki te kawe i roto i rangahau. kia ēnei ngā rua māramatanga me te arepurepuraa, me kapua tino banal. teihana wāhi orbital i roto i tenei whakaaro i te painga nui, no te mea ratou e taea te mahi huri noa i te karaka i roto i ngā āhuatanga huarere katoa, whakawhitihia whakapakoko kahore tetahi distortion kōhauhau. Ko tētahi o ēnei teihana - "Hubble" Space whātata. Whakaahua tangohia o ana optics, tino whakaata nga taonga tino tawhiti i roto i te Universe, miria o kiromita tawhiti, tuku arorangi ki te kitea e whetu hou, aorangi me ikarangi.