Kawa Communication: tuku raraunga

Mahi o rua rohe me whatunga rorohiko ao, pūkoro me ētahi atu ratonga kōrero tā te faaitoitoraa o rerekē kawa kōrero. E o ratou e taea te whakaaro te tino noa? He aha ai e te auraa o te paerewa e hāngai ana?

He aha e nga kawa kōrero?

Ko te kawa kōrero - he rārangi paerewa o ngā tohutohu i whakaturia te huarahi i roto i nei me whakarite enei ranei ētahi atu pūmanawa pūmārō ranei atanga tuku o te raraunga - pērā i kuputuhi, whakairoiro, oro, me te ataata awa. Ko te nuinga tikanga e tika ana ki te whakahaere i te tauine o whatunga rorohiko rerekē. Hei tauira, ko mau te whakatinanatanga o te kawa TCP / IP whakahohea ki whakakotahi te raraunga huri noa te ao, hanga reira feohi taea o rorohiko i roto i te Internet ao.

I roto i te mākete o te teie mahana o ngā kawa hangarau mōhiohio o takere kōrero e whakamahia ana i ngā taumata o te whakatinanatanga o atanga kōrero. Kei te pai ake tonu ratou, whakahoutia. Wā whanake ngā tikanga hou, e whakaata ana i te pau o te mākete kōrero. Ka taea te whakamahi Various kawa kōrero i roto i te kupenga o te whakamahi e rua kāinga me te ahumahi, whakatinana i te pūtake o te hanganga, pokapū rangahau, me ētahi atu i roto i te paerewa tino noa mo te momo e tika ana - .. Itarangi, CAN, HART.

Mā te whakamahi i te kawa kōrero kei te hoki kawea atu i roto i te mara o te pūkoro ratonga kōrero. I roto i te hunga - 3G, 4G, GPRS.

He rerekē, i roto i ngā enei kawa i roto i whatunga o ngā pūkoro:

- te tere o te tuku raraunga i waenga i te kaitango me te kaiwhakarato o ratonga kōrero;

- i runga i nga here auau;

- i roto i ngā o te tawhiti mōrahi o te pūrere kōrero ki te teihana turanga.

Ki te whakaaro ki te whakarōpū o ngā kawa kōrero rorohiko - te mea rawa he taumata tiketike o te whīwhiwhi. A feruri i ona taipitopito tauwhāiti.

Whakarōpū o ngā kawa kōrero rorohiko

Ka taea te kawea Whakarōpū kawa mahi i roto i te whakamahi i te maha makona nui o huarahi. Tūaritia tetahi o paerewa kōrero e kia roherohea ki raro me te teitei taumata. I roto i te hunga:

- tono;

- Executive;

- wātū;

- waka;

- whatunga;

- hongere;

- tinana.

Kia ako ratou tatou i roto i ngā kōrero.

Taupānga kawa whatunga apa

I Tirohia taumata, i roto i nei kia kōmakatia ai tetahi ranei te atu kawa kōrero, pā ana matua ki tono. E ko, whakarato reira he kōrero i waenganui i te hanganga whatunga me kaiwhakamahi hōtaka motuhake. whakamahi te reira i ngā tikanga pērā i HTTP, telnet, DNS, IRC, BitTorrent, me te tini ke atu, i roto i nei te supply o hou ratonga ipurangi.

kawa whatunga taumata Executive

I te kawa taumata kōrero e tika ana tā te tāpaetanga o etahi raraunga. He pea etahi ngā tukanga panoni whakamana i roto i te tahi atu tikanga, waehere, kōpeketanga o ngā kōnae, whakahaere o ngā tono rerekē.

tono motuhake ui pātai motuhake ki te whatunga, a ka - tahuri ki te reo i matau e te tūmau. Atu i reira he he tukatuka tono. Na ka te tahuri te whakautu i te tūmau, i tahuri, i roto i te reo i matau e te tono. I roto i te kawa rongonui momo e tika ana - ASN, FTP, SMTP. Ka taea e hoki ki etahi whānuitanga kia pēnei koe ki taua, me te HTTP, FTP.

Ko te kahu wātū o ngā kawa kōrero

I tenei taumata o te kawa kōrero e whakamahia ana ki te whakatinana i te mahi ngā - hei tauira, te tukutahi o etahi mahi, te hanga i tētahi wātū kōrero, te tuku te whiwhi i te kōnae ranei. I roto i nga tikanga noa e kua whakamahia hoki taua take - ahipi, DLC, tōkena.

Ko te kawa kōrero apa waka

Paerewa hāngai momo e whakamahia ana ki te whakatika i te tuku o ngā momo o te raraunga i tetahi hinonga whatunga ki tetahi. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, i reira te kawea i roto i te wehenga o ngā kōnae i runga i ngā āhuatanga takitahi - i roto i te tikanga ki te whakahaere i to ratou whakawhiti. Na roto i te momo kawa e tika ana ngā TCP, UDP, RMTP.

taumata kawa Whatunga

Ko te momo i muri o paerewa, i runga i te pūtake o e taea te mahi pūnaha kōrero - te kawa apa whatunga. Ko ratou kawenga matua mō ngā tikanga tuku raraunga, translation wāhitau whatunga, whakawhitinga, te aroturuki i te kounga o te hanganga. kia ngā taua kawa, i roto i ngā, i te taua TCP / IP, ICMP. DHCP.

Ko te kawa apa hono raraunga

E whakamahia ēnei paerewa mo te mahi o te wāhanga taputapu matua o te whatunga. tikanga e tika ana taea te pūnaha, tuatahi o te katoa, ki te tirohia i nga raraunga riro i te paparanga tinana, mo hapa. Ki te tika, i hanga ano ratou korrektirovka.V tae atu taua paerewa - he kawa kōrero noa PPP, hātepe pērā i te paheke, L2F, PROFIBUS. I roto i te parau tumu, e taea te pēnei ngā tikanga teihana, ko Itarangi.

kawa kahu tinana

Ko te taumata i muri o paerewa mahi i roto i te pātai - tinana. Here, te kawa kōrero - he taputapu e ai te tuku tika o raraunga mamati rere - i roto i te aronga tohu i te taura i te reo irirangi ranei.

I roto i te take o te waea tuku kia whakahaeretia ai paerewa pērā i RS-232, xDSL, 100Base-T. Common kawa kōrero ahokore - i roto i ngā, whakatinana ki te awhina o Wi-Fi-pouara - te hunga e pā ana ki te IEEE 802.11 momo.

ako matou e taea te whakaaro te paerewa whakarōpū he herenga rawa. Na, hei wāhanga o ia e taea e rawa uaua ki te kawe i te kawa ngā ki te kāwai motuhake: reira i tupu pinepine e tono te paerewa i te maha o ngā taumata. He mea pai ki te whakaaro i roto i te taipitopito atu nga pau o te rongonui tino i runga i te mākete o ngā kawa hangarau mōhiohio. Ko te hunga i, mo te tauira, PPP kawa mana (kōrero - e ko reira te tumu parau o te pānga o hātepe, e kua whakaratohia e te paerewa e hāngai ana).

He aha te mea te kawa PPP?

E pā ana kawa i Tirohia, rite tuhia matou i runga, ki te paerewa, e kua hangaia ki te whakarite i te mahi o te hanganga whatunga i roto i te apa hono raraunga. He ao te reira: e taea he kawa e tika ana ite i te pūrere motuhēhēnga ki te whakamahi i te huarahi whakamunatanga raraunga, ki te tika - kōpeketanga kōnae.

kawa i Tirohia whakarite te mahi o whatunga hāngai i runga i ngā rauemi kōrero noa - pērā i ngā rārangi waea, pūkoro awa kōrero. протокол PPP связью был прерван, то это, скорее всего, будет означать невозможность получения пользователем фактического доступа к сетевым ресурсам, что предоставляются его провайдером. Ki te pops tētahi hōtaka ngā ake he tuhituhinga e haukotia te kawa PPP i, na ko reira pea ki te tikanga o te ngoikore ki te whiwhi i te uru kaiwhakamahi tūturu ki ngā rauemi whatunga e kua whakaaetia e tona kaiwhakarato.

He maha ngā momo o te paerewa e hāngai ana - hei tauira, PPPoE, PPPoA. I roto i tenei hanganga kawa i roto i te pātai Kei roto e rave rahi mau ture: LCP, NCP, PAP, CHAP, MLPPP. Tetahi noa i roto i te kawa IT-mākete o tenei ra - HTTP.

He aha te mea te kawa HTTP?

whakahohe te paerewa e hāngai ana i roto i te tikanga ki te whakahaere i te Kuputuhiitua utu raraunga hanganga - i roto i te whānui i waenganui i rorohiko me tūmau i runga i te Ipurangi. E pā ana te reira ki kawa taketake e whakarato ki te Tukutuku Ao Whānui. Na roto i te taunoa, tautoko te hōtaka e te nuinga taputapu kōrero hou i roto i ngā pūnaha whakahaere rongonui. He pūmau - he mea fifi ia feruri i te āhuatanga i roto i nei e pakū mata o te kaiwhakamahi ake he HTTP-hōtaka karere pērā i «i haukotia PPP-kawa kōrero". I roto i te take tino - ki te, mo tetahi take, e kore te mea e wātea ana ngā taputapu mō te whakahohe i te paerewa HTTP, he reira taea ki te whakawhiti kōnae whakamahi online, hei tauira, kawa FTP, ahakoa i roto i te maha ngā take, e kore ai tona whakamahi hei te otinga tino pai.

Te paerewa i roto i te pātai, tā te whakawhiti o ngā raraunga i te taputapu me te pūmanawa o te ahanoa i te mana o te kiritaki ki te tūmau me te hurihia. Ko te tuatahi e tuku tuarua te tono, a ka pahono ia ki a ratou rite tonu ki te hātepe whakapumautia. He maha ngā momo whakaaro te record, mo te tauira, HTTPS, HTTP-NG. Ko te painga matua o ai te meka riro e kua te kawa HTTP tetahi o te rongonui tino:

- ma'á;

- humarie ana o te whakatinanatanga;

- taea o toronga;

- te aroaro o te tautoko whanui i kaihoko pūmanawa.

He he a kua he maha o mau hapehape, nga tohunga tohaina:

- he rahinga makona nui o kōrero takitahi;

- te ngoikore ki te rorohiko tohaina;

- ki te ngoikore whakatere i te rauemi whakahaerehia i runga i te tūmau.

Kua tuhia e matou i runga i taua paerewa kōrero whakaaro tautokona e nui kaiwhakamahi pūnaha whakahaere, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te tohatoha o ngā hua pūmanawa. Heoi, he nui whānui atu te whakatinanatanga o hātepe kōrero i roto i rongoā ritenga te hōkai o tenei kawa. he hāngai i roto i te ahumahi, ngā pūnaha tirotiro ataata, SCADA hanganga paerewa HTTP.

He maha nui o ngā kaiwhakanao, whakaaro te kawa ngā kōrero i roto i te whatunga rite te turanga mo te hanga i te hanganga kōrero, whiriwhiri rite HTTP - rite te taputapu mahi, me te pono whakarato whai wāhi ki ngā rauemi ipurangi, ngā whirihoranga, whakahaere devaysa rerekē.

Ki te kōrero tatou āta pā ana ki te ahumahi, kei roto e taea te pēnei te kawa Modbus tino rongonui ki te wāhanga mākete e hāngai ana.

He aha te mea kawa Modbus?

Kei te nuinga te paerewa e hāngai ana whakamahia mō te mahitahi i waenga i te āhuatanga rerekē i roto i te aunoatanga hanganga i roto i te ahumahi. Kanohi e te kawa hāngai taea e i roto i te hunga momo e kua taunga ki te tuku o te raraunga i runga i te momo ngā o te hongere kōrero - whaiaho, ahokore (i roto i te tahuri ki te rauemi momo tuatahi kia ngā parahi, taura muka-whatu - me etahi kawa whakarerekē hangaia mo ratou, i te mea kupu).

He putanga Mobdus, urutau ki te tuku raraunga ki runga TCP / IP. Ko tētahi atu rongonui i roto i te whakatau ahumahi - PROFIBUS-papa poma.

He aha te mea kawa PROFIBUS-papa poma?

mahi kawa tirohia i roto i te whatunga PROFIBUS kua horapa roto hinonga Pākehā e. I whakawhanakehia Ko tōna tauira e tohunga Siemens me ki kia tono i roto i te wāhi production te wahi e whai wāhi pūmana.

I muri, i hanga te hanganga whatunga i runga i te kaupapa o te kaporeihana whanaketanga Tiamana, i roto i nei i ngā te ngā āhuatanga hangarau me te mahi o nga kōrero rangatū, no ki te taumata mara. Kua whakaaetia kawa whatunga tirohia te tuitui o ngā pūrere aunoatanga kanorau ki te pūnaha production kotahi. E tano ia tapao e te kawa PROFIBUS-papa poma - e kore te kotahi anake e mahi rite whatunga ahumahi mea. Heoi, ko reira te tetahi ki te mata o te tirohanga o te faaohiparaa mo te whakahaere o te whai wāhi ki te pahi matua.

Kotahi ara ranei tetahi, whakaaro tāpiri te kawa kōrero e ki te paerewa e whai ake nei:

- DP;

- PA;

- FMS.

Kei te whakamahia te kawa PROFIBUS DP mō te utu raraunga i waenga i te momo ārahi ahumahi devaysa DP, me te whakaaro i roto i i whakatinana kōkuhu me te whakaputa e te kaupapa tohaina. Na ka mea ai kawa āhei raraunga utu i tere tiketike. Ia ano he utu āhua iti o te whakatinanatanga, e taea te hanga i te reira i te hinonga rongonui, me te iti.

PROFIBUS PA paerewa taea hoki te kōrero i waenganui i te hanganga, i ngā o te taputapu e pā ana ki te taumata mara. papaitia te kawa te mo te tūhono ngā pūoko, me nga tikanga mo te katoa pahi rārangi mowhiti ranei.

āhuatanga PROFIBUS FMS paerewa e ringa rehe. Kei te hangaia te reira i matua mo te utu raraunga i waenganui i nga wāhanga nui-tech o te hanganga ahumahi - rorohiko, hötaka, pūmana.

I roto i te kaha o nga tikanga whakahaere i runga i PROFIBUS - maia (arā, ka taea te whakamahi ratou e tetahi ahumahi hiahia), nuinga (e tika ana ki te tanga o tauine o te hanganga ahumahi i roto i ngā mākete whakawhänui, te whakatuwhera ngā wāhi production hou).

whakarāpopototanga

Ko te kupu, uiuia maua te āhua o ngā kawa kōrero, ako nga āhuatanga o te tahi mau momo rongonui o te paerewa e hāngai ana. Ratou mahi matua - te whakarite raraunga i roto i ngā hōputu paerewa. Ko - te hunga e taea te Whakaitia puta noa te hanganga e te nuinga o tino teitei ake i te tauine o te kamupene kotahi.

I roto i te meka, e korero tatou e pā ana ki ngā paerewa o te ao: hou kawa kōrero pūtau, whaiaho, Wi-Fi-kōrero, he tino whānui, wātea, ngā ngāwari ki te āwhatatia. O te akoranga, i roto i ētahi wā, ara i roto i taua hokohoko ao rite te kai o taea ki te whakamahi i ngā kawa rohe kōrero pūkoro ratonga, engari i roto i te ngākau nuitanga o te rama nui - ki te whakauru, ki te kore he reira e poka ki te ngākau nuitanga o te pakihi, a i roto i ētahi wā - me te kāwanatanga, kia rite ki te nui rite paerewa uouangataha taea, e ka whakarei ake kōrero ao.

He he maha o taketake kōrero tikanga. I roto i te horopaki o te Internet, ngā ratou HTTP, TCP / IP. I roto i te wāhanga o ngā ratonga ki te whakarato wāhi whatunga ki te hunga e taea te pēnei paerewa PPP. Ki te kite te kaiwhakamahi te karere e i poroa te kawa mana PPP-hono, e kore te nuinga pea e taea ki te tiki i whai wāhi ki ngā rauemi ipurangi rānei mā HTTP, te whakamahi i TCP / IP ranei ia. Ko te kupu, Ko ia paerewa o te faufaa rahi, me te, pono, i roto i te maha ngā take, He mea paihere ki te atu. Ki te haukotia te hononga kawa kotahi te, ko reira pea e kore e taea ki te tiki wāhi ki te rauemi mo te whakahaere o te kōrero e whakatau etahi paerewa te kaiwhakamahi.

Communication Protocols - he taputapu mahuinga ia mō te whakaoti rapanga matatini i roto i te mara o kōrero ritenga, me te rite i roto i te ahumahi, ngā mahi ratonga. Na roto i te kōwhiringa tika o te paerewa ngā tei runga i te angitu o te whakatinanatanga o te hanganga e tika ana, me te tona whai huatanga - i roto i ngā o te mahi pūnaha ōwehenga me tona utu tāuta. Ko te kupu, ako wawe o nga āhuatanga o ngā kawa whatunga, kōwhiringa o tino pai - he mahi nui o nga kaiwhakahaere hinonga haepapa mō te whakatinana, me te whakahou i te kōrero hanganga o te kamupene.