Kāwai waina. I te mea kua wehea whenua ki te kāwai o te waina? Whakarōpū o waina i ngā kāwai kounga

Ka rite mea ratou i roto i Roma i tahito, I roto i te Veritas vino, a e kore e taea e kore ki te whakaae. Oia mau, ahakoa te moni i roto i te hangarau me te kai o ngā momo hou o karepe, tonu te waina tetahi o nga inu tika tino. Ka taea e te iwi teka te pai-mohiotia waitohu, engari ki rūpahu te reka, kakara, me te tae e taea. A rite nui rite 1000 tau ki muri, he kounga waina taea ki te maunu i te reo ara te tangata o torutoru kupu ko.

He tokomaha e miharo, ka mea, "he waina, he waina", engari he mea e tika ana ki te ruku hōhonu ki te take, a ka riro te reira mārama pēhea te kanorau te ao o te inu.

3 meka o mana i runga i hītori

1. hoki te wa tuatahi te mana o te horo'araa hanahana o te waina riro i ngā pūrākau Kariki, ka ki nga atua o Olympus faaite i tona tohutao ki ētahi atu. Tenei inu, me te whakamahia tonu te reira i roto i maha tikanga fakalotu.

whakaae 2. He maha hītori e ko te hua i roto i te tāke i runga i te waina i te timatanga o te French Revolution, ka hanga he inu unaffordable mo te piha haapiiraa waenganui.

3. A, no te i roto i France nui haere takoha i waenganui i Ingarangi me Portugal whanaunga hoa. E ai ki nga kairangahau, pai te Ingarangi te reka o te tauranga waina Portuguese.

Na inaianei mo te pātai matua - i runga i te mea e wehea whenua waina ki ngā kāwai.

whakarōpū General

Mea atu kōeke katoa i roto i te kotahi tuhinga e taea, na kia kōrero a pā ana ki te whenua Pākehā tino tawhito, me te rongonui mo te hanga o ngā hua waina - France. E whakarōpū taumata-wha o nga waina o ngā kāwai kounga i tuhia ki konei.

waina Ripanga (VDT vin de tepu ranei). kia hāngai ai Inu production i runga i te whakamahi o ngā māka me hua karepe. Hei whakarato i te 9% Me whakaaetia taumata waipiro kia ki tāpiri huka tirikara. E kore e nga waina tepu tapanga tohu te wahi o hanga me te tau o te kotinga. Nā ki te kore o te expressiveness me individuality, kahore ratou e tika ki te whakarongo o fakaangá me sommeliers, me wharekai pai e kore ngā ratou i roto i te tahua.

Vin de utu (VDP), ranei rohe, no ki te kāwai o waina taumata-teitei kounga. hāngai Production Kei runga i ngā momo whakaritea o hua, kia whai i te tetahi kaha inu, me te whakatau etahi āhuatanga organoleptic. Ko te karepe whakamahia hoki tenei kāwai tupu, kei roto i te wāhi motuhake. Ture mo te ahumahi inu e 150 nga wahi i roto i France tenei kāwai.

He hingoa d'Origine Vin Delimite de Qualite Superieure (AOVDQS ranei VDQS) --kounga teitei waina waina. Ratou production he ture tino me whakamana te mana e whakahaere motuhake. E pā ana inu katoa ki te kāwai o waina parani, te whakatau i te maha o ngā whakaritenga:

- production o te inu e wahi i roto i ngā wāhi e here ana ki te rohe ngā;

- Whakamahia karepe anake whakaritea;

- tautuhi ara o te whāwhā me te loto mōrahi heketea;

- Me ū ki te ture katoa o vinification, whakaritenga organoleptic me kua whakapumautia he pa kaha.

He hingoa d'origine controlee (AOC) - te whakarōpū teitei o waina i kāwai, tuku ki roto i tona take me te he whakaritenga atu pākaha atu AOVDQS. tango Here ki pūkete te tau o te waina whakamahia, momo oneone, me te tae o te inu hua. Ko te tūranga matua i roto i te hanga o whakaari "appellations", arā te ingoa, ko te whakapūmau i te reira i te tüturu o te hua. Kia mahara uaua appellations katoa, kia rite ki te tonu tipu ratou maha (neke atu i te 400), engari kua whakaaro nga waina AOC tino whaimana ki te kia French, ia o ratou he āhuatanga motuhake.

Ko te toenga o Europe he pa karepe i Europa, e hāngai ana i runga i te whakarōpū French, hanga matou rite. whakaaturia te ine mārama te i roto i te tepu.

France	Italy	Spain
de ripanga Vin	Vino de Mesa	Vino da Tavola
Vin de utu	Vinos de las Tierras	Indicazione Geografica Tipica
AOVDQS	DO (Denominacion de Origène)	Denominazione di Origine Controllata
AOC	Denominacion de Origène Calificada	Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita

Whakarōpū o te ihirangi huka

Whero maha maroke, te hāngai na i runga i te waina ma.

1. Sec - maroke (iti iho i te 4 g / L).

2. Demi-hekona - semidry (4-12 g / l).

3. Moelleux - semisweet (12-45 g / l).

4. Doux - reka (neke atu i te 45 g / l).

Hoki karapanaka: estra-brut (iti iho i te 4 g / l), brut (ki runga ki te 15 g / l), anō-hekona (12-20 g / l), hekona (kaua e neke atu i te 35 g / l), tipua-hek (32 -55 g / l), doux (neke atu i te 55 g / l).

Ko te ihirangi o CO ₂

Vin effervescent - kāwai o inu 'olokaholó pīataata, te wahi i nga whākōkī pirau tuarua e wahi i roto i te ipu.

Vin mousseux gazeifie - whakarōpū o karapanaka waina, ai puta CO ₂ waiwai i carbonation.

Vin petillant - waina pīataata, rerekē i ētahi atu iti-pēhanga CO ₂ i roto i te ipu.

Vin perlant - peara he taumata iti o CO _2.

Vin tranquille - ata inu waina ki tata oti ngaro o CO _2.

Tukanga Classification

Ko te momo uaua tino o te wehenga o tenei inu, kia rite ki ia hanga he tinihanga me te puta ke. Ahakoa tenei, i taea e ki te tāutu i te kāwai e whai ake nei i te tohunga:

- Ko te waina taitamariki e kore he e i roto i te hiahia o te te rongo.

- Pakeke i roto i etahi oko, ipu ranei ki runga ki te tau kotahi.

- Pakeke runga ona ake nganga. ngā ratou etahi momo o waina ma, tenei mahi hangarau i roto i te raorao Loire.

- waina liqueur whakaputaina e irakētanga, e te tāpiri ki te waipiro marou i nedobrodivshee parani ranei.

- waina maoa, i roto i ngā, whakaputaina i roto i te French Provence. hāngai Production Kei runga i whakawera roa me te whakaetonga o te marou. waina kohuatia he reka motuhake, me te kei ngā taumata teitei o te huka.

Whakarōpū i te whakamarumaru o te inu waina

e kore e ngā tonu te reira i te tae o te waina, e te tahi mau taime whakarōpūtia ratou rite ki o ratou hanganga matū. Hei tauira, koe i mohio ai i reira ko te piari whakaputaina i karepe pango, engari he tae ma?

I roto i te waina whero kei tannin (tannin) te kawenga mō titohea me ngā uhi, meinga tae.

Whakatika waina kahore e tika o te whakarongo o fakaangá, ahakoa he rawa kanorau ratou whānuitanga o ngā tae: i paku poke ki waiwai.

He he ano hoki te waina matomato whakaputaina i roto i Portugal, pango (Cahors), me kōwhai.

Na inaianei he titiro poto i te waina DO kāwai.

Eaha te auraa DO

waina Spanish orotahi nui-kounga waina (AOVDQS). Ko te tika ki te whakaputa i ngā hua mō tenei kāwai kua riro atu i te 164 kaiahuwhenua waina Spanish.

Ko te rohe nui o mara waina mo te hanga o te waina ki kāwai kua La Mancha - 188.181 heketea. Ratou production he a Papatuanuku me te velvety reka korerotia.

He bit o te waina ma

Ko te kāwai o waina ma e te nuinga o roherohea ki 6 māka:

1. waina maroke marama "tinana." Ka rite mea he sommelier kua reira he "maitai" matua. heke te reira i te nui o te huka, ko te kukū nui o te waikawa, e kore e waipiro ōrau nui 12%, me te kakara paku rangona. Ko tautohe tohunga mātanga e taea te tahi mau taime i tenei ahua o te waina ma te kakara, me te reka - tei katoa i runga i te momo karepe. Hei tauira, he onäianei otaota, a "Riesling" "Sauvignon Blanc" - hua.

2. Ko te wā o te te rongo o te waina ma toharite "tinana" - he iti o te 3 tau. Kei te whakaputaina te reira i Chardonnay, Shenen Blan me tūranga. taumata waipiro o te 10 ki te 13%, ko te reka, me te kakara Floral korerotia me ngā kōrero Fruity.

3. Ko te oti "te tinana" kāwai o waina, ka rite ki te tikanga, puritia i roto i etahi oko, mo te maha o nga tau. E ratou he hā Fruity, kawatanga iti, me te nui nui o tannin. Waipiro i 12 ki te 14%.

rerekē 4. inu waina ma reka korerotia kakara hua tāwāhi. Ko ratou waikawa iti ki te taumata waipiro o 12-14%.

5. waina Semi-reka i hanga i ngā momo o Moscatel karepe, Tokay-Pinot Gris ko Shenen Blan. ALCOHOL 14%, me te whangai ki te inu mātao ki 10 ⁰ puka C.

6. I roto i te inu waina ma reka kei roto ake ki te 18% o te waipiro kei te tikanga whangai ki te kai reka. māngai mohiotia o waipiro inu "Sauternes" me "Barsac" (France).

He kupu ruarua e pā ana ki te inu pīataata

Ka karanga te waina pīataata, e kei te hauhā, hanga e te hangarau motuhake. Kei te wehe rua o ratou production ki 4 tikanga:

1. Carbonation. A, no te whakaputa iti-kounga inu tono introduction tāwhaiwhai o CO _2.

2. Ko te tikanga i roto i nei te mutunga o te FERMENTATION tuatahi, e kore he te waipiro i roto i te oko, me te i roto i te ipu, ka karanga tuawhenua (methode rurale).

3. Ki te tango te whāwehe tuarua o ngā matū waro wahi i roto i te akratoforah (ipu whakarewa motuhake), puta te hara ki runga i te tikanga hanga o Sharma.

4. Ko te tikanga puāwaitanga - toutou te tukanga e FERMENTATION puta i roto i te ipu.

Ko utu te whakahua e reira e rua ngā kāwai motuhake o karapanaka waina, me te karapanaka peara hoki reira. Kei roto Tuatahi te nui iti o te hauhā, i whai i te muri he pēhanga iti i roto i te pounamu me te mau iti (7%).

E rihi i mahi waina

Kounga waina, kai me te ahuareka kamupene pai - ko te taurangi o haamana'oraa mahana o te hakari. Ko te kōwhiringa o hoa - he mea tūmataiti, me ki mohio he aha rihi ngā ki te waina, i reira katoa.

Me tīmata tatou ki here, ara te kai, e kore e nei tūtohu ki te tono ki inu i te kava, kia rite kore ki te haaparuparu tona reka. Tino kore e taea e te tono ki nga kai waina me paramanawa, mea kinaki ki te winika.

I roto i te rāhui ngā nati. Ko te meka ko e mā te whakawhiti ki te hua puku reka kore ki te whakautu ki ētahi atu kai, me te inu waina.

pā tapui Last ki kai paipa. paowa tupeka totohu ai i te kakara me te reka o te nikotīni kore e tukua ki te wheako tino te waina.

Ahakoa maha momo mō kai i reira ko te tikanga: te matatini atu te hā ki runga ki te paraharaha, te māmā ki te inu waina i roto i te karaihe, a hurihia.

mai Whero ki nga kai raukikini, hua, rimurapa, pizza, ika me te momo o tiihi.

harmonises maitai reka White ki kaimoana, mīti kāwhe, te heihei me te hua.

E whakaaro Huānga waina māwhero ki te hei paramanawa kai, kaimoana me te purini.

momo Semi-reka, me te reka tahi ice cream, hua, me te tiakarete.

inu pīataata, ara piari - te inu tino mo te tina taurima whakatuwheratanga.

mutunga

Ki te aroaro o te "inu fakalangi" wehea hoki koutou ki ma, whero, maroke me te taiepa, ka e tumanako ai e, patu ki te kōrero i tēnei tuhinga, kua ako koe, he aha e nga kāwai o waina, a e kore e taea e koe noa te pānui i i te ingoa tapanga, engari E mōhio ana te momo, me te tikanga o te hanga.