Khokhloma - he aha te mea te reira? Khokhloma: pikitia, tauira, pikitia

Khokhloma - he aha te mea te reira? Tuatahi o te katoa, ko reira he tawhito Russian iwi mahi. Khokhloma painting, Golden Khokhloma, he whāriki nui o te ahurea Russian. Tohu pania i roto i te kāhua o "Khokhloma" ko te a ahi Firebird, he tino mīharo pūāhua. Ko te whakapaipai o te hī ika - te pa semenov, kei ki te raki o Nizhny Novgorod. Haunga te production toi Gzhelian, e hopoi mai tahi 27 pa me nga kainga i roto i te "rakau" hāngai Khokhloma i roto i te wahi kotahi. Na reira, tonu roa nui tona whanaketanga. hī wāhanga toi hoki i uara rite kahore e noa toi pūmanawa, me te whakangungu, rite taua, kihai i.

History o te Golden Khokhloma

Art mahi Khokhloma ona pakiaka i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 17, i roto i te pua tere o te peita icon. wā whakataunga o Novgorod whenua Tuí Old, nei kihai i farii i te whakahounga hahi o Patereareha Nikon, orua ki te putanga o tikanga hou o ngā ata gilding. Ko te reira i roto i te rohe o Nizhny Novgorod, kua ako te kainga ki te peita ngā ata i roto i te koura, engari i waho te whakamahi o te konganuku utu nui. utu rakau ata tauhiuhia penupenu hiriwa i roto i te puehu, a ka pani ki te hinu linseed me whakanohoia i roto i te oumu. Silver paninga semeio puta ki kanapa koura. i taua wa kihai te hangarau i whakarato i tētahi atu rawa ki te whakahaere i te tukanga, i mahi mea katoa ā. Ētahi kaitoi hopoia urutau, whakaaroa taputapu ohie ki te āwhina, engari i roto i te whānui, Khokhloma Painting tino whakarite anake i te mahi ā-ringa. ko nga mahi matua o te hanga tahuri, e rapu utu tohu motuhake. E machined nga reni kotahi ariki, primed a tahuna ratou etahi, me ētahi atu peita. Otiia i roto i tetahi take, he pai te mahi tahi i waenganui i nga hua, a tupu production.

Ko te putanga o te toi nui

Na i runga i te Täingäwai reira ko he Khokhloma koura-peita. Mai i ngā ata ki hohoro kē ki te hanga o te hokona i hanga o te rakau hipoki ki te tauira te koura. kihai i nui te hiriwa, a ka whakakapia ai e tine. ko nga whika kore kino, i runga i te anga ke, peita whiwhi Matt pai, me te i muri i te orooro o peita tīmata ki te whiti rite te ra. Kua huihui mai semenov toi i roto i te ohu, te peita "Khokhloma" Kua riro mohiotia pai tawhiti tua atu nga rohe o te kawanatanga Nizhny Novgorod. Tetahi i muri i tetahi ka haere mai nga kaihokohoko, pania rangatira whakahau oko rakau rōpū nui, ka anga ika ki te whakawhanake tere.

I te tuatahi whakairo i te Linden, me te peita Khokhloma tauira koko, me nga koko. ara whakaturia uri mauruuru te tohu ki a Semyon-Lozhkarev rite te takoha ki te rangatira, me toi o te wā. mahi kamura te rohirohi ore, kawea Nizhny Novgorod rihi i a pai hokona i te wahi hokohoko nui Macarius, te ataahua Russian tino rongonui. rihi Income me ki Moscow. I roto i te whakapaipai Russian, i tonu tae e ngā māngai ke o te piha haapiiraa kaihokohoko, nga Tiamana, Ingirihi franzuzy. kite tonu ratou i te hua Khokhloma rerekē.

Khokhloma - he aha te mea i te reira i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te hapori o te ao?

I roto i te hoho'a peni waenganui-19 rautau Khokhloma i rihi, ka haere mai taonga me te kakahu ki te kia mohiotia noa atu. World Exhibition i Paris, i tangohia e wahi i roto i 1889, mea whariki te ara mo te Golden Khokhloma te ao. haere Khokhloma peita i runga i te kaweake o te awa whānui. Markets i Western Europe, Tonga Asia, India, China, a muri i te American Te Tai Tokerau fenua taonga hoko mahi toi iwi Russian.

tono High mo te hua tera taha te rangatira Täingäwai ka he faaitoitoraa mō te whanaketanga atu o Golden Khokhloma. hanga whānui o whakatika maha nga wa, i roto i te tua ki koko i hanga rihi, me mau api, etahi oko, Krynki mo kakara, shakers tote, ngā postavtsa, mōhiti me puringa. Tautautefito maiohatia i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru, te pera-ka karanga Bratina - uku nui i roto i te puka o te poti ki te peere tatini. korero te ingoa hoki ano, tenei oko te tikanga mo te hakari fraternal. tahi tonu kaupapa mea hakari ana hua Khokhloma. Na he tumu pau ore o ngā kaupapa me ngā kaupapa mo ratou - ko reira te katoa o Russia. Kei te ta'elava hono Khokhloma ki te puna rawa, me tona hītori.

Rihi, me te kore anake

I tua atu ki te kanisā, whakaputaina wā nui tūemi whare: pouaka, pouaka ngarahu, iti tūemi taonga, rūmanga, kāpata, tepu, me taumanu. taea te tono Golden Khokhloma, he mea utu nui atu te utu, engari e kore e te utu whakararuraru tetahi. Na roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19 Khokhloma riro atu utu, no te mea o ratou production tino atu uaua. He nga whakaaro Floral, i tonu ki ngā tikanga tipuna, engari i te wa ano kawea e ia he kāhua motuhake tūturu toi o tuhituhi, e rerekē Khokhloma. Pikitia tangohia i roto i aua ra toi, inapō, pikitia, me tuhi tautoko te whanaketanga o ngā hou i roto i te toi peita Khokhloma.

Khokhloma hua tino fakalahi ratou kua pania i roto i te tikanga o "Kudrin", ki te rau te koura, me te puawai i roto i te kāhua o te ahua o te kameta wahine, ka titoa whakapaipai te o te maha whatiwhatinga e hanumi ana ki tetahi whakapakoko. Ko tētahi o nga whika tino wehi i ko Kokhloma "he otaota," me i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 20, toi kua hanga he "whakapaipai Hohloma". Heoi he kāhua matarohia. Ko te tauira tae te kupu atu haafifi, riro kikokore nga whiu, me te wahi riro tohu tino. kāhua Art i huaina "Khokhloma", pikitia, me tuhi e haapapu te reira i tona whanaketanga tonu. I te wa ano i roto i te pokapū Russia timata ki te puta momo o toi, rite peita Khokhloma, Miniatures Fedoskino ko Zhostov ngarahu. He wahi iti i muri mai roaa Gzhel wheketere mo te hanga o te hokona uku, e hohoro ka rite rongonui rite Khokhloma rakau. Kua whakawhanakehia Russian mahi toi toi pai, Gzhel, Khokhloma, Zhostovo, Fedoskino - e kore te mea he rārangi tino o mahi e taea te whakaritea ki te toi nui tenei.

taputapu

Khokhloma toi - he reira rawa he tukanga matatini e whai wāhi maha whaktauiratia hangarau. Ehara i te mea nui ki te peita i te hua tika - ano i tona āhua me ngā tawhā ki te kia tino tika. Me faahiti Ki te whakaritea e te ariki ki te tapahi rakau i roto i te puka o te wani Bratina me te peita i te reira i roto i te kāhua o te Khokhloma koura, te matua i riro te reira puka te huatau katoa o te manu pai, a he pono me tona kaki kia he "wani" piko, e mau tatou i roto i te natura.

Khokhloma - he aha te mea te reira i te wāhi hangarau o te tirohanga? I roto i te runga i tikanga motuhēhē o te hua, ona tautukunga ki etahi kēnana o tino taumata, i kawea mai tohunga o JSC "Painting Khokhloma" te kounga o tona tātai production, i hanga e te pūtake mo te hanga o ngā hua Kokhloma. Ko te kupu, e kore e nga tukanga katoa i roto i te kamupene i raro ki nga whakaritenga o te mākete, whakaongaonga production papatipu, me nga ture o te taiao toi, kiritaki-hāngai, he reka. Tenei arata'iraa kaupapa kua whanau kua hua, ka anga whakahau kia kore mai i te toa manatunga me nga ara toi rongonui me salons.

Ko te tukanga o te hanga taonga toi i roto i te kāhua Khokhloma - ko te mekameka tukanga matatini. whakamahia Wood te mira rākau anake, ki te hiahia i homai Linden, e rua pukuaroha me te nuinga o rauemi kōngohe. Material haere taahiraa whakamaroke tūturu waho mo te tau kotahi, a ka rangitaki i runga i ngā pātea matomato Comley, e i muri i-dryer he toru marama atu hoki. I muri iho, kua he e tika ana mō te machining i runga i lathes te wahie. He mongamonga tīpakohia mo te hanga o karetao, he machined i tupuke mārō te ipu nui. No te koko, me te koko e tika ana rakau taitea wahi, he reira tino ngāwari ki te tapahia me e kore e anganga.

E huaina whakairo, ka tapahia reni "rinena" i mua i peita ko "underwear" kua maroke ano i te pāmahana o e pā ana ki 100 nekehanga. I muri iho, e primed tuhinga a utaina ano i roto i te oumu, i te 120 nekehanga. Na e whenua, matoli te workpiece me kōruarua i runga i te shpaklyuyut mata me pani ki te kahu angiangi o te wanihi. i mua i hohoro oti preform whakamaroke pani konumohe paura, a triturated reira na taua i te mangai mo pani te mata katoa. I tua atu, ko te hiriwa-frosted kapu, koko, hoeha, te ipu me peihana haere mai ki te toi mō te oti i - peita toi Khokhloma.

I muri peita i te hua lacquered e toru nga wa ki te whakawera takawaenga ki te 130 nekehanga. I roto i tenei take, riro te paninga konumohe he hue koura, he rite hoki tākai me te tukuna te hua.

momo o te peita

I roto i te rau tau 18 tae Khokhloma peita hono tumutumú, te tono mō ngā hua toi nui haere katoa, me rangatira Nizhny Novgorod i kua i runga i te tihi o tona auahatanga. Ko reira te reira, a kua whakawhanakehia e rua ngā momo matua o peita Golden Khokhloma - "hoiho" me "papamuri".

Khokhloma, tauira i pania nei i roto i te tikanga o "Horse" peita, ko reira he tuhi o te mara koura, mahi ana i roto i ngā tae pango, me te whero. kumea te artist he tauira mata pai o whiu, e whai ake nei i te tetahi tetahi o nga momo e whai ake nei:

• "Gingerbread" - he whakapakoko tā o te ra, kopakia ana i roto i te āhua āhuahanga, tapawha, taimana he porowhita tapahia ranei. Ko te tikanga i te kuware titiro tuatahi, engari i te porohita solar, hanga e curls-hihi titiro kahore i haehae, na pararopi ngā ki te anga whakamarama nui e karapoti.
• "Travnik" - whakapaipai otaota, tauira takutai tarutaru wiwi wiwi ranei.
• "Leaf, he kākano" - pania ki te rota o rau me hua, puawai, me te kakau, whakairo toaati maite ki ia atu.

I roto i te rerekē ki te "hoiho", Khokhloma, i takoto tauira koura i runga i te pūtake o whero pango ranei, i whakaaro "papamuri." Ko te momo tino ngā o peita i runga i te muri, ko te "Kudrin", i te mea he ahua tā o rau me te puawai. Tukurua curls Kudrevatov, tahuri ki tauira rauangi, puawai, rau, me nga mea katoa o hua, kari, me te ngahere. Ko nui hoki te whakamahi whānui i roto i te tuhi i te rārangi aratau, pai ki te whakaturia atu nga wahi takitahi tenei kāhua o te peita.

putumōhio

No te timatanga te rautau waenganui-20 ki te systematize peita Khokhloma, tāngia whaiaronga ki te tauira tino ngā, me te pai whakawhiwhia i te tiwhikete. Ko te mahi o toi ariki i roto i te kāhua o "Khokhloma", whakaahua me pikitia i whakaputaina nei i roto i te press, ka nga kaiuru o ngā whakataetae, me ngā whakaaturanga. Ko te kaituhi koe riro hua taonga me tohu mo ratou auaha. I te taua whakaaturanga taea te hoko te katoa te hua i hanga i roto i te kāhua toi i huaina "Khokhloma". Photo hoki mahara ki te ruānuku kaiwhakanao hanga tonu. Hoki te wa roa i muri i te mea lacquered ataahua e ahuareka tona ariki.

Khokhloma kanohi o te tamaiti

Kindergarten, māra nesilií, me te ara i roto i nga wa Soviet, riro taonga, i hanga i roto i te kāhua o te peita Khokhloma. A ahakoa kua tonu kua whakaaro tenei kāhua toi oaoa i pono "pakeke" tamariki katoa tepu, pania ki te kaitoi. O te akoranga, e kore i te reira i te wheketere taonga hanga-ringa, peitatia hua i, i te tā mata. Otiia ko reira te ongo o toi nui peita Khokhloma, a whakaahuareka reira tamariki. Fakataha ki te kuao mātua hari. Ko te kupu, kahore he kino atu te "pakeke" ko tamariki Khokhloma.

Kaupapa mō ngā tuhinga kura

He whānui nga hōtaka whakangungu. Khokhloma - he aha te mea te reira ki te mata kaiako o te tirohanga? I roto i ngā kura o Moscow me te rohe Moscow, me pera i roto i era atu pa Russian i roto i te hōtaka whakangungu ko i runga i te kaupapa o ngā toi iwi Russian me mahi toi, te wahi i te wahi tuatahi ko te toi o te peita Khokhloma. Ko tōna hītori roa, me te ao rongonui taea ngā ākonga ki te whakapuaki i ō rātou whakaaro whaiaro, te faaite i te reira i runga i te pepa, me te whiwhi i te tata. E nehenehe te reira i te tuhinga katoa i runga i te kaupapa ranei te kōrero poto. tonu Khokhloma rite toi ki te whakawhanake pai, he tika o tuākana whakarongo-kura reira. Heoi, nga akomanga o raro, rawa, ka taea e whai wāhi i roto i te tautohetohe.

Khokhloma i roto i te momo waiata

Kei te maha ngā toi Fine ki ētahi atu kāwai o auahatanga. Art Khokhloma peita he kahore okotahi. Ko te waiata "Khokhloma" riro roa rongonui. Ia e mahi ana kaiwaiata kaiwaiata, ropu me kaiwaiata takitahi. himene Ataahua, rotarota roots, rawa, tuhituhia i te ngakau. I te Eurovision Song "Khokhloma" e kore te mea he wahi tika o te kororia.