Ko te Icebreaker ngota "Lenin". icebreakers karihi Russian

Russia - he whenua ki te rohe nui i roto i te Arctic. Heoi, ratou whanaketanga e taea kahore he kaipuke kaha, e taea ai haumaru navigation i roto i ngā āhuatanga tino. Hoki enei take, i hanga i te torutoru icebreakers i nga ra o te Russian Empire. Ki te whanaketanga o hangarau ō ratou engines atu hou. I te pae hopea, hanga te Icebreaker karihi-powered "Lenin" i roto i te tau 1959. I te wa o tona tīmatanga, ko reira kaipuke haukāinga, anake o te ao ki te pūrere karihi, i taea hoki e kia i moana, kahore te tamaa mo 12 marama. Tona ahua i roto i te nui Arctic tino whakanui i te roanga o te whakatere i runga i te moana Northern Route.

prehistory

hanga Icebreaker tuatahi o te ao i roto i 1837 i roto i te pa US o Philadelphia, a i te tikanga mo te whakangaromanga o te taupoki tio i roto i te whanga rohe. I muri 27 tau i roto i te kaipuke Russian Empire "Pilot" i hanga, i whakamahia ano hoki e hoki whakahaere kaipuke i roto i te huka i roto i te wāhi tauranga. Kua meinga te wahi o tona faaohiparaa i St Petersburg tauranga moana. Ahua muri, i roto i 1896, i roto i Ingarangi i hanga te Icebreaker awa tuatahi. I whakahau ano te reira e te Ryazan-Ural Kamupene Railway, a ka whakamahia ki te whakawhitinga Saratov. Huri noa te wa taua, i reira te mea he hiahia mo te whakatinanatanga o te transportation utanga i roto i ngā wāhi mamao o te raki Russian, pera i te mutunga o te rau tau 19 i te hanga kaipuke i hanga Armstrong Whitworth te kaipuke tuatahi i roto i te ao ki te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga Arctic, ka karanga "Ermak". I hokona te reira e to tatou whenua, a ka ko he wahi o te Baltic Fleet tae noa ki 1964. Ko tētahi atu kaipuke rongonui - te Icebreaker "Krasin" (ki runga ki te tau 1927 i whanau te ingoa o "Svyatogor") whai wāhi i roto i te pāhia i Arctic i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. I tua atu, hanga i roto i te wā i 1921 ki te 1941. Paratiki wāhi hanga waru oko mo te mahi i roto i te Arctic.

Origin Icebreaker: Āhuatanga me Whakaahuatanga

Icebreaker "Lenin", i tonoa i runga i te hararei i roto i 1985, ka tahuri tenei ra ki te whare taonga. Ko tōna roa ko te 134 m, whanui - 27,6 m, me te tiketike - 16.1 m i te displacement o 16 taranata. i tāutatia te oko e rua reactors karihi wha mīhini huri hiko, me te katoa te kaha o 32.4 megawatts, ai ko reira e taea ki te neke i te tere o 18 knots. I tua atu, rite rawa i te Icebreaker tuatahi i ki te tipu kaha e rua whaiaro-roto. Kua hanga ano tikanga katoa i runga i te poari mo te noho whakamarie o te waka i roto i nga marama o ngā haerenga Arctic.

Ko wai i hanga te Icebreaker karihi-powered tuatahi USSR

Mahi i runga i te oko harangotengote, rite rawa ki te pūkaha karihi, kua mohio te reira rite te mahi tino kawenga. I muri i te katoa, te Soviet Union, i roto i era atu mea, e hiahiatia ana wawe ano tetahi atu tauira whakau i te whakapae e te "ngota hapori" ko te ata noho, me te auaha. I te wa ano, kahore tetahi ruarua e kia whai i te tino kaihoahoa o te Icebreaker karihi-powered heke mai whānui wheako i roto i te hanga o te oko e taea te mahi i roto i te Arctic. I roto i ēnei āhuatanga, ka whakaritea e te reira ki te tautapa ki tenei tūranga haepapa VI Neganova. Tenei kaihoahoa rongonui i mua i te whawhai whakawhiwhia i te Stalin paraihe mo te hoahoa o te raina Icebreaker Soviet Arctic tuatahi. I te tau 1954 ka whakaritea e ia tino kaihoahoa o te Icebreaker karihi-powered "Lenin" ka timata ki te mahi tahi ki a ahau I. Afrikantovym tēra ki te arotahi ki runga i te hanga i tētahi pūkaha ngota mo tenei oko. Me mea te reira e tīrama tāia ki pūtaiao e rua te hanganga ki to ratou mahi, mo e i whakawhiwhia e ratou te Hero taitara o-pāpori Reipa.

He aha mua te hanga o te Icebreaker karihi-powered Soviet tuatahi

Ko te whakatau ki te tīmata te mahi i runga i te hanga o te waka ruku karihi-powered Soviet tuatahi ki te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga Arctic i haere e te Kaunihera o Minita i roto i te Noema 1953. I roto i te tirohanga o te āhuatanga ahurei o ngā mahi, i whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i te tahora o te ruma pūkaha o te kaipuke o te heke mai ki te uara hakari ki reira ki te mahi rongoā tahora kaihoahoa. Ko te kupu te haapae i te hiahia mō tetahi whakarereketanga hē ranei i roto i te hanga tika i runga i te oko. I tua atu, ki te aroaro o kaihoahoa, hangaia te Icebreaker karihi-powered Soviet tuatahi, kua tēra ki te whakakore i tetahi taea o takere kino i te hukapapa, na kua he parahi nui-kaha motuhake hanga kua i roto i "Prometheus" paari rongonui.

Ko te hītori o te hanganga o te Icebreaker "Lenin"

Tika ki te mahi i runga i te hanganga o timata te kaipuke i te 1956 i te Leningrad te pahi Plant. André Marty (i roto i te 1957 i whakaingoatia ai te Admiralty Plant). I te wa ano hangaia etahi o ona pūnaha tino me wāhanga i me huihui i ētahi atu tipu. Ko te kupu, i hangaia te mīhini huri hiko e te tipu Kirov, motors toko - te tipu Leningrad "Electrosila", me te whakaputa mīhini huri hiko matua ko te hua o te mahi o nga kaimahi Kharkov Electromechanical Plant. Ahakoa ka mau te whakarewa o te kaipuke wahi i te timatanga o te hotoke i roto i 1957, eke anake tipu karihi i roto i 1959, i muri i nei te Icebreaker karihi-powered "Lenin" i tonoa ki te wahi o tamataraa moana.

Mai ko te kaipuke i te wa he ahurei, ko reira te tumu parau o te whakapehapeha te whenua o. Na reira, i roto i te hanga me te muri whakamatautau reira toutou whakaaturia manuhiri ke teitei pērā i ngā mema o te kāwanatanga Chinese, me te kaitōrangapū, e puritia i taua wa Pirimia o Great Britain, me te US Vice te peresideni.

hītori mahi

I roto i tuatahi navigation oaoa i te Icebreaker karihi-powered Soviet tuatahi he ingoa pai e whakaatu ana i te mahi pai, a ka tino nui, i āwhina te aroaro o te oko taua hei wāhanga o te Soviet Navy whakawhānui te wā whakatere o te wiki torutoru.

E whitu nga tau i muri i te tīmatanga o te mahi, i whakaritea e te reira ki te whakakapi i te trehreaktornuyu tāutanga karihi tawhito i runga i te rua-pūrere. I muri whakahou ake i te kaipuke hoki ki te mahi, a i roto i te raumati o te 1971 ka te oko tuatahi karihi-powered mata, e taea e haere i te Te Tai Tokerau Pou o te whenua i. E te ara, ko te pea poara te taonga o te ope, hoatu ki te kapa o Leningrad Zoo.

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, i roto i te 1989 kua oti "Lenin" mahi kua. Heoi, e kore e te te matamua-whanau o te kaipuke Icebreaker karihi Soviet whakawehi ana ki te warewaretanga. Ko te meka i hoatu e ia ki runga ki waka tonu i roto i Murmansk, whakaritea i runga i te poari i te whare taonga i reira ka taea e koe te kite i whakaaturanga ngā i runga i te whanaketanga o te kaipuke Icebreaker karihi o te USSR.

Accidents i runga i te "Lenin"

Hoki 32 nga tau, a tae noa te Icebreaker karihi-powered tuatahi ko USSR i te raupapa, puta rua aituā i runga i te reira. tupu te tetahi tuatahi i roto i te tau 1965. Ka rite ki te hua, i wāhanga pakaru reira piere matua. Hei whakakore i te mau hopearaa o te aituā, whakanohoia etahi o te wahie i runga i plavtehbazu, me te toenga wetekina ana, ka whakanohoia i roto i te ipu.

Ko te take tuarua, rere oko ka i roto i 1967 i rēhitatia te reira kaimahi hangarau i roto i te paipa o te toru o nga ara iahiko piere. Ka rite ki te hua, ko reira tika ki te whakakapi katoa te Icebreaker ngota wehenga, me te taputapu pakaru tōia, ka totohu i roto i te Gulf o Tsivolki.

"Arctic"

Neke atu i te wa, ko tetahi Icebreaker ngota iti mo te whanaketanga o te kiko kotahi o te Arctic. Na reira, whakarewahia te hanganga o te kaipuke rite tuarua i roto i 1971. Ko ratou "Arctic" - Icebreaker karihi-Powered, e i muri i te matenga timata Leonida Brezhneva ki te kawe tona ingoa. Heoi, i roto i nga tau o perestroika i hoki mai ano te ingoa tuatahi o te kaipuke, a ka kua mahi ai i raro i a ia tae noa ki 2008.

āhuatanga Hangarau o te tuarua Soviet karihi-Powered

"Arctic" - Icebreaker karihi-powered, i ko te oko mata tuatahi, whakahaere ki te tae te Te Tai Tokerau Pou. I tua atu, ka whakaurua tuatahi tona kaupapa te kaha ki te hohoro tahuri te kaipuke ki te whawhai cruiser pŭpŭ tauturu, e taea o mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga Arctic. I hanga taea tenei te nuinga whakawhetai ki te meka e te kaihoahoa o te Icebreaker karihi "Arktika", tahi ki te rōpū mahi o Engineers i runga i te kaupapa, te whakarato i te waka mo nui haere te mana, e taea ki a ia hinga te matotoru tio ki runga ki te 2.5 m. Ki te whakaaro ki te rahi oko, kia ake ratou i roto i 147,9 m te roa, me te 29,9 m whanui, ki te displacement i roto i 23.460 taranata. I roto i tenei take, i te wa ka i te kaipuke i te mahi, ko 7.5 marama te roanga mōrahi o tona navigation motuhake.

icebreakers Class "Arctic"

I roto i waenganui i 1977 me 2007 i te Leningrad (i muri St. Petersburg) Paratiki whakato i hanga rima kaipuke karihi-powered. Kua hangaia katoa o enei oko rite ki te "Arctic", me tenei ra te rua o ratou - "Yamal" me "50 Tau o Victory" ki te apu i te ara mo te tahi atu kaipuke i roto i te huka nui i te Te Tai Tokerau Pou o te whenua tonu. E te ara, ka karanga te Icebreaker "50 Tau o Victory" i whakarewahia i te 2007 me te ko te whakamutunga whakaputaina i roto i Russia me te nui rawa o nga icebreakers ngā i roto i te ao. Ko te tahi atu marae e toru, kotahi o ratou - "te Union Soviet" - tēnei wā i raro i hangaia anō. Hoki ki te rarangi o tona mahere i roto i te 2017. Ko te kupu, ko te "Arctic" - Icebreaker karihi-powered, te whakatūnga o i tohua te timatanga o te wā i roto i . Te aamu o te tāruru Russian ano, te hoahoa whakamahia i roto i ona whakatau hoahoa e hāngai ana i tenei ra, 43 nga tau i muri i tona hanganga.

icebreakers Class "Taimyr"

Ki te kahore hoki te icebreakers i roto i te Arctic ki te Soviet Union, a ka i hiahiatia Russia ki te kaipuke i te tauira o e i te tikanga mo te waea o kaipuke i te mangai o nga awa Siberian. i hanga i tetahi o nga shipyards i Helsinki (Finland) - icebreakers Nuclear Soviet Union (i muri Russia) o tenei momo - "Taimyr" me "Vaigach". Heoi, te nuinga o ratou kei runga i te taputapu, tae atu ki ngā tipu te mana, production kāinga. Mai i enei oko karihi-powered tikanga mō te whakamahi i te tuatahi i roto i nga awa, te hohenga ka ratou o 8.1 m i te displacement o 20.791 taranata. I te kau, Russian icebreakers karihi "Taimyr" me "Vaigach" tonu ki te mahi i roto i te Moana Te Tai Tokerau Route. Maoro, Heoi, ka hiahia ratou ki te huri i.

momo Icebreakers LK-60 e ahau

kaha te Kooti o 60 MW, rite rawa ki te tipu te mana karihi, ka anga ki te kia whakawhanakehia i roto i to tatou whenua mai i te tīmatanga o nga 2000, e hāngai ana i runga i te hua whiwhi i roto i te mahi o "Taimyr" me te kaipuke "Arctic". Kua whakaratohia kaihoahoa ha faingamālie ki te huri i te hukihuki o te oko hou, e ka tukua ki a ratou mahi tōtika i roto i te wai pāpaku, me te hohonu. I tua atu, e taea ki te neke noa i roto i te matotoru tio i 2.6 ki te 2.9 m icebreakers hou. Whakaritea Tapeke ki te hanga e toru aua oko. I roto i te 2012, i te hanga kaipuke Baltic i whakatakotoria te waka ruku karihi-powered tuatahi o tenei raupapa, whakaritea nei ki te tīmata mahi i roto i te 2018.

Matapae piha hou o icebreakers Russian mātanga

Ka rite ki mohiotia te, te whanaketanga o te Arctic hanga he mahi matua anga i to tatou whenua. Na reira, i te kau i raro i te whanaketanga o te tuhinga hoahoa mō te Icebreaker piha haapiiraa hou LK-110YA. Kei te riro te reira e ka whiwhi enei oko ohipa taimaha te pūngao katoa i te mamaoa karihi whakaputa tipu ki te kaha o 110 MW. I roto i tenei take, ka waiho i te kaipuke nekeneke e toru e wha-bladed hurirere ki whakaritea te ware. Ko te painga matua, e ka whai i te icebreakers karihi hou kia riro Russia ratou nui haere te huka-hipoki, tūmanakohia nei te ki kia kore iti iho i te 3.5 m, mea whakahaeretia nga kaipuke i tenei ra, he kore te ahua ake atu i te 2.9 m. Ko te kupu, fafau te kaihoahoa ki te whakarato navigation tau-a tawhio i roto i te Arctic taha te Moana Northern Route.

Ko te take ki icebreakers karihi i roto i te ao Ka rite ki

Ka rite ki matau ana tatou, kei te wehea te Arctic ki rāngai rima, no ki Russia, te USA, Norway, Canada ko Denmark. Enei taua whenua, me te Finland me Sweden i te kaipuke icebreaking nui rawa. E kore te mea tenei maere, mai i waho i enei kaipuke e kore e taea ki te kawe i ngā mahi ōhanga, me te rangahau i roto i nga potae tio neke, ahakoa te pānga o warming ao, a kei te hoko ratou ake kitea nga tau. I te wa ano, i nga icebreakers katoa ngā wā karihi o te ao no ki to tatou whenua, a ka he reira tetahi o nga kau taki i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā wāhi tuwhera i roto i te Arctic.