Ko te rā tangata spacewalk tuatahi, ngā meka

I roto i te Maehe 1965 ka mau ia rere "Voskhod-2" waka ātea. I mua i te waka o astronauts PA Belyaev ko AA a Leonov he mahi uaua engari tino nui - ki te kawe i roto i te haere wāhi tuatahi-ake o te tangata.

hinga te whakatinanatanga tika o te whakamātau ki Alekseya Leonova, a ki runga ki Maehe 18, pai tāia ki ia ki reira. haere Cosmonaut ki wāhi, atu i te kaipuke i te 5 mita, me tū tua atu i te katoa o te 12 meneti me te 9 hēkona.

Flight o "Voskhod" kihai i kahore āhuatanga faahiahia me take pākiki. E mea uaua ki te whakaahua pēhea te i nui te kaha hinengaro, me te tinana ki te noho i te iwi nei rite tenei whakamātau mokopuna - he spacewalk tangata. meka Interesting me ngā taipitopito o te whati iti-mohiotia a ka meinga hei te pūtake mo te faaineineraa o tenei tuhinga.

whakaaro

Ko te whakaaro e he taea spacewalk o te tangata, ka puta mai i te Kuini i roto i te tau 1963. riro Designer e hohoro tenei wheako, ko te kore e minaminatia anake, engari tino tika. I tika ia. I roto i te tekau tau o muri mai, whakawhanakehia tere astronautics. Hei tauira, te pupuri i te mahi noa o te ISS i katoa e kua taea, kahore he huihui, me te hanga mahi waho, e kotahi ano io pehea e tika ana ko te tangata spacewalk tuatahi. 1964 ko te timatanga o te whakangungu e pā ana tuatahi mō tenei whakamātau.

Otiia ka, i roto i 1964, ki te ite i te taua kaupapa maia, ko reira tika ki te whakaaro tino te hoahoa o te kaipuke. Ka rite ki te hua, i tangohia whakamatauria pai te pūtake "Voskhod-1". whakakapi Ko tētahi o ona portholes kuwaha wiki, me te heke te maha o te waka i toru ki te rua. ko ia he airlock hangatanga, a ka kei waho te kaipuke. I muri i te otinga o te whakamātautau, i mua i te ūnga, ko reira motuhake rawa i te tinana. Heoi i reira ko he waka ātea "Voskhod-2".

He ko tetahi, raruraru atu nui. Rite whakamātau kino i reira tika ki te mahi tuatahi i runga i te kararehe. Heoi, e hoatu i te reira ki runga, whakaaro e te whanaketanga o te take motuhake mo te kararehe - reira rawa raruraru, me te utu nui. Haunga, e kore e hoatu e ia he whakahoki ki te pātai matua: me pehea e whakahaere te iwi i roto i te wāhi? I whakaritea e te reira ki te kawe i roto i ngā i runga i te tangata i kotahi.

I teie mahana, e taea ki te waiho i te kaipuke mo te torutoru haora, me te noho i roto i te wāhi tuwhera astronauts he whawhe rawa uaua. Otiia i roto i nga tau 60 he mea rite te wawata tino, ara whakamomori ranei.

kauhoe

I te tīmatanga, he rōpū o astronauts teuteu ki he rere ngā Leonov, Gorbatko ko Khrunov. ko Belyaev i te pareparenga o te pana i te corps cosmonaut mo take hauora, me anake i te onoonoraa o Gagarin i whakaurua ai i roto i te rōpū whakangungu ki te rere.

Ka rite ki te hua, i hanga e rua o te waka: te matua - Belyayev, Leonov - me te tārua - Gorbatko, Khrunov. Ko te waka o tenei ope i te aroaro o ngā whakaritenga motuhake. Ko te kapa i ki te mahi rite te kōwae, me te astronauts - kia hototahi ki ia atu i roto i ngā o te hinengaro.

hua Test whakakitea e he he whitiki nui me te marino, e taea e kore ki te ngaro to koutou upoko i roto i ngā āhuatanga katoa, ko Leonov, i runga i te anga ke, hitahita, rere totoa, engari kororia maia, kia maia Belyaev. Enei tangata tokorua, na rerekē i roto i te huru, i taea e tino takirua, i te mea he fie i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatinana i te tangata spacewalk tuatahi.

whakangungu

Ko te toru marama tuatahi o te astronauts i ako te hoahoa o te kaipuke hou, me te taputapu, aru i te whakangungu wā roa-i roto i ngā āhuatanga weightless. Tenei rererangi maneuverable hiahiatia me te pairati rawa mātanga nei i taea te mahi humarie aerobatics. Per haora rere i taea ki te whakatau i weightlessness te katoa o e pā ana ki 2 meneti rererangi. Ko reira i roto i tenei wa nga astronauts i ki te whai wa ki te mahi i roto i te katoa o te hōtaka i whakaritea.

I te tīmatanga rere mig Sparky, engari whitikiria i taea ki te neke i te astronauts. I whakaritea e te reira ki te tango i te atu nui Tu-104LL. Roto te tahora rererangi o te waka ātea i tāutatia ki te ruma raka, i roto i tenei simulator taupua noa a haere whakangungu taketake.

hūtu fiemālie

I teie mahana, i roto i te wāhi whare taonga, ka taea e kite koe i te taua hūtu, i roto i nei te kitenga o Leonov tangata spacewalk. Whakaahua o ataata potae o kaipōkai ki te tuhituhinga "USSR" haere a tawhio noa katoa nga niupepa o te ao, engari kahore tetahi i taea kua whakaaro te nui o kaha i utu te ataata.

Rawa hoki i whakawhanakehia te "Voskhod-2" whakawa wāhi motuhake e i ri'ari'a ingoa o "Berkut". i hiri atu ratou kōpaki me whakanohoia muri te pūnaha tautoko ora vavā peketua. Hoki pai whakaata marama noa ke te tae o te whakawa hei utu o te karaka tuku iho i whakamahia White. Tapeke taimaha "Golden Eagle" ko e pā ana ki 100 kg.

Ko kē whakangungu katoa i roto i spacesuits, rau nui ki te kia hiahiatia pūnaha haumaru. I hanga tino ngoikore te supply rangi, e te tikanga e i te cosmonaut kaupapa iti hipoki tonu ki te werawera i te matatu.

I tua atu, i te tino fiemālie nga whakawa. Ko ratou kia mātotoru e ki te ringa, ka hiahiatia te reira ki te hanga i te kaha i roto i tata 25 kirokaramu. Hei taea ki te mahi i roto i taua kakahu i tetahi kaupapa, i reira ki te kia whakaakona tonu. Ko te mahi i ki kakahu, engari i pakeke te astronauts ki tona whāinga - ki te hanga taea te tangata spacewalk. Leonov, i te ara, i whakaaro te kaha tino me pumau i roto i te rōpū, te nuinga kei te nei këtia tona tūranga nui i roto i te whakamātautau.

mahi maitai

I roto i te waenganui o te whakangungu i roto i Moscow haere mai faaoti he hoa nui o te USSR Charles de Gaulle ko Khrushchev ki te whakaatu atu i roto i mua o ia angitu o te hōpara ātea Soviet. faaoti ia ki te whakaatu i te French, rite nga astronauts mahi i roto i te tangata spacewalk. Reira ka mārama tonu e tonoa te whati tūturu noa te waka, ko wai e whai wāhi i roto i tenei "kanohi". Na roto i te raupapa o Gagarin i roto i tenei momeniti mahu'inga Khrunova whakakapi Belyaev. E ai ki nga pukapuka Khrunova, i kore matau ia i pupuri i nga taumu'a o tenei huringa mo te wa roa i te mauahara ki te Gagarin mo tenei mahi haa.

muri faataa Gagarin Khrunov tona tūranga, i whakapono ia e ko te reira e tika ana ki te hoatu Belyaev tupono whakamutunga ki te rere ki te wāhi. Young Khrunov taea rave i te reira na nui atu i te kotahi ki te taua Belyaev pai hāngai Leonov i te wāhi hinengaro o te tirohanga.

Raruraru i mua i te tīmatanga

I roto i te ra i reira ko he raruraru nui ki te tīmata. Nā ki te tau'a o te kaitiaki hoia whakairi i roto o te waka ki te tirohia i te tightness o te kuwaha te hangatanga ohorere hinga ia, ka whawhati. kihai i manawapa, a reira i faaoti ai ki te whakamahi i te tino, i reira whakangungua astronauts mo te wa roa. Tenei raruraru i taea kua mate, engari Waimarie, kahore tupu, toutou whakamahia te kuwaha paturu, me te tangata spacewalk tuatahi pai te puritia.

wāhi tukua

Mō whanonga tangata te tīariari i roto i te wāhi i te rota o ariā. kī ngautuara e ki te kaipōkai haere ki waho i te waka ātea, ka paiherea ki ka waiho reira taea ki te neke ranei te mahi haere haurangi. Ko reira tino uaua ki te whakaaro te mea atu e taea e te tangata te tahuri ki te spacewalk. ngāwari i taea e 1965 Kia te tau o te kore rahi o te hōtaka wāhi Soviet. Heoi, ki te whakaū i turaki taea anake te ariā fakatu'atamaki mahi ranei.

I tua atu, i te wa i te reira i kore ano whakawhanakehia tetahi pūnaha faaora. Ko te mea anake i meatia hoki astronauts - ko te taumira i nei take, whakatuwhera noa te tatau, me te hoatu i tona ringa.

A, no te tomo i te kaipuke te āmionga tatūkē, ka anga Leonov ki te faaineine no te te putanga. haere katoa kia rite ki te mahere, ka te haora o X, te kaipōkai ata peia atu, ka tere i te airlock ki wāhi.

Ko te kino matapae o taunu kihai i haere mai pono, a ka ongo'i tino pai te vavā. rite ia te hōtaka whakaritea katoa, a te reira te wā ki te hoki mai ki te kaipuke. Ki tenei i reira ko etahi raruraru. Tetere i roto i te kore hūtu wāhi mahara i hoatu Leonov tomo te kuwaha. Katahi ia, kahore kōrero tetahi, takitahi tukua iho te pēhanga i roto i te spacesuit, a rere tupou ki te maukati, a kahore hurihia, pera i whakaritea. I oti te tangata spacewalk tuatahi, a ake ake tuhituhi Alexei Leonov tona ingoa i roto i te hītori o te hōpara ātea.

PE faaheeraa

"Voskhod-2" i te rota o kohakore, me i muri i te otinga angitu o te hōtaka rere ko te whawhati tata. A, no te ki te shooting o te kuwaha putanga kati ake te takotoranga pūoko solar-oranga. A, no te i hanga i te kaipuke tona āmionga 16 huri noa i te whenua, i riro te MCC tohutohu ki peka. Otiia tonu te kaipuke ki te rere, me te mea kahore i pa. A, no te haere ia i roto i te taka noa 17, ka te reira mārama e kore i mahi i te pūnaha te takotoranga aunoa, ka i te waka ki te whakawhiti ki te mana ā-. Flight, ko te mahi matua o e spacewalk tangata taea te mutunga i roto i te kino.

I te utu o tautooraa nui Belyaev me Leonov whai mana o te kaipuke, engari tonu te mutunga ki te pūkaha atu e tata te meneti. Ka rite ki te hua o te pae taunga whakaritea he te mutunga ki runga, ka u te kōwae keu i roto i te ngahere mätotoru o Perm.

Ko te mahi whakaora

ko nga astronauts i roto i te ngahere te hotoke i te roa e rua nga ra. Heoi, tamata kotahi topatopa tonu ki te maka ratou kakahu mahana, engari ngaro, ka ngaro te wahi i roto i te tupuai.

E kore taea te toparere whenua i roto i te hukarere hohonu i roto i nga rakau, a kihai i nga astronauts i te taputapu e tika ana ki te tapahi ki raro rakau ranei, ki te riringi wai i runga i te hukarere me te hukapapa ki te hanga i te papa taunga taupua noa ranei. Te mutunga iho tae rōpū faaora te waewae o astronauts to'eto'e, a taea arahi ratou i roto o te puia ngahere.

Ahakoa nga uauatanga katoa o te faaineineraa, me te maiki kino i roto i te rere, Belyayev ko Leonov akakoromaki i tona mahi matua - ki te kawe i roto i spacewalk tangata. riro te rā o tenei hui kua tetahi o nga tohu tino nui i roto i te aamu o te hōtaka wāhi Soviet.