Ko te Mahere Marshall - te kaupapa angitu te nuinga o te āwhina ōhanga i roto i te hītori

mutu te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. i whakamataku hono ngaahi nunu'á mo Europe. Tekau o mirioni o te iwi i patua, i whakangaromia te nuinga o te rakau whare, e papaki ana tae te ahuwhenua 70% o te taumata i mua-te pakanga.

Whānui ngā ngaromanga taha ohaoha i te whakatau tata tino momo ko 1 440 piriona pümautanga mua te whawhai-. Te kore te tautoko o waho, e kore i taea e nga whenua pāngia e te whawhai, te whakaoti i te raruraru. Te tahi mea e me tāutuhia te āwhina Mahere Marshall, ko muri i tona initiator, te US kaituhituhi o kāwanatanga me te hōia mutu George C. Marshall.

i wehea Europe kia rua nga wahi, ko te rawhiti i te ao o te mana o te USSR me te kaiārahi Stalinist e kore huna tona mauahara ki te pūnaha mākete noa, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te whakaaro ki te whakatū i te pūnaha hapori i roto i nga whenua Pākehā katoa.

Ki tenei whakamārama, malosi galue, e te hunga kua huaina "mahue." Te Party Communist, e tautokona ana e te Soviet Union, timata whiwhi whenua, tupu ratou rongonui.

I tenei wāhi, ka anga te US ki ite haere mai te riri o te Kominiusi ki te mana i roto i te rohe whakahaere i ratou i roto i Western Europe.

Ko te Mahere Marshall i te angitu tino kaupapa mohio o āwhina ōhanga i roto i te tuatapaparaa o te taata.

Army whānui, e riro Hekeretari o State raro Truman, George. Kihai i Marshall i te mātauranga ōhanga. Ko te tino matua o te mahere, ko George. Kennan me tona kapa, mahi ratou i nga kōrero taketake o tona whakatinanatanga. Te whakawhanake mehua ki te whakawhāiti i mana Soviet i Western Europe, te wahi, i roto i haere mai te take o te Kominiusi ki te mana, i taea e te Hononga o Amerika ngaro te nui tino - ratou tika i tēra hokohoko, a i roto i te heke mai ki te kanohi me te riri hōia tika.

Ka rite ki te hua, whakawhānuitia economists he tuhinga i huaina "Mahere Marshall." I roto i tona whakatinanatanga o whenua Pākehā ono riro āwhina katoa moni ki te 17 piriona tāra. Heoi, e kore ngā mahere a Marshall noa te tohatoha o ngā hua, me te decumulation o te moni American, ngā āwhina i roto i te hanganga ture ki te tikanga rawa tino, pērā i te whakaiti o te mau ohipa ritenga, te makanga o te Kōawa o hinonga, me te tautoko mō ngā mau parau tumu ōhanga e hāngai ana mākete-, i taea e te reira ia farii i te whenua manapori anake. 17% o te moni whiwhi i pau mo te hoko o te hanga taputapu.

Sam Dzhordzh Marshall mārama i Harvard kupu Pipiri 5, 1947 faaite te uho o US kaupapa here tūmatanui i roto i te hōia. E kore te mea taea te whawhai ki Communism, ki te e hei Europe ngoikore.

Ko te Mahere Marshall - he whakamātau angitu te ora o whenua whawhai-pāngia, a na 1950 nui ratou te taumata ki mu'a 'o te ahuwhenua me te ahumahi.

whakaratohia wāhanga o te āwhina kei te utu o te tiaki, engari ko ratou te nuinga taurewa i reiti iti.

I whakahē te Mahere Marshall i te kaiārahi o te USSR me whenua Pākehā Eastern o "manapori o te iwi", engari i hanga pahara noa wha tau tohu macroeconomic hoki ratou korero. timata te taumata o te mana o te rōpū hapori ki te peka tere, a ka Amerika he mākete nui mo ona taonga.