Ko te mahi pai a Pasternak B:. He rārangi o meka ngā me arotake

Boris Pasternak - rohi pehe Russian, me te kaituhi. Ia nona hoki te whakamāoritanga pai o Shakespeare me ētahi atu waiata ke. i whakawhiwhia Pasternak te Nobel. Hoki he aha te pukapuka riro kaituhi Russian he tohu whaimana? A he aha te tūranga takaro e te hui i roto i tona ora? mahi a Pasternak - te kaupapa o te tuhinga.

biography

whanau Boris Pasternak i roto i Moscow, i roto i te utuafare auaha. Ko toku papa te toi. Whaea - piana. Kei te whare o Pasternak i roto i te ngakau o te whakapaipai. Te rohi pehe i tamarikitanga karapotia e te toi. Te whare e mea pinepine e kaituhi rongonui, toi me te kaiwaiata. Kotahi fare Pasternak tae mai noa i te Rilke. Taunga ki te rohi pehe Tiamana, takaro kaitito Scriabin me ētahi atu iwi rongonui te wāhi nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te tuakiri auaha.

whakaata mahi a Pasternak ongo i riro ia rite te tamaiti. Kotahi ra, hinga ana ia i raro i te whiu o mautohe huihui i te Butcher. Ko te kupu e tuhituhi tau i muri mai ia i roto i tetahi o ona rotarota. Te rohi pehe heke mai, puta ia i te kura nui. patua kaiako te tuutuu ore, me te manawanui o te taiohi. Ko te fekumi ki he tino te mea e kore ki te waiho tona ora.

Boris Pasternak, puta ia i te Manga Ture i roto i Moscow. ako ia kaupapa i roto i Germany. Ki te ana matua, tae mai ia Venice i 1912. Ētahi mahi o Pasternak, tuhituhia i te timatanga o te rau tau, tuku haamana'oraa o te haerenga ki Ūropi.

I roto i te 1921, i mahue te whānau Russia. noho ngā mātua me te tuahine i roto i Berlin. Te rohi pehe ia mai 1936 taratahitahi noho i roto i Peredelkino. mate kaituhi Russian me te rohi pehe, i te 1960. I tanumia ia i roto i te urupā, kei tata te kainga o te kaituhi i roto i Peredelkino.

Ko te timatanga o te auahatanga

I muri hoki mai i Germany, faaoti te punake heke mai ki te horo'ai i nei te ako o te rapunga whakaaro te nuinga o te wā. Ko te hoki tenei wā te timatanga o tona ara tuhituhi. i hanga mahi wawe a Pasternak i raro i te mana o mahi o Russian Futurists. I roto i te kaitito e i runga pihi mana tuhituhi, te tuatahi o te katoa, kia whakahua tatou Vladimir Mayakovsky.

Ko te mahi tino rongonui o Pasternak, te rārangi o nei aroaro te raro, i hanga i muri i te revolution. Ko te kohinga tuatahi o ana tuhinga whakaputaina ia i roto i 1913. Heoi, ngā reira kore anake tona mahi, engari ano hoki nga rotarota o te tahi atu kaitito.

I roto i te 1916 whakaputaina e ia te pukapuka "runga ake te tauärai". I roto i te tūranga o te rohi pehe i taua wa i mohiotia he āhua pai te reira i roto i tuhituhi o Boris Pasternak. Mahi e kua whakaurua i roto i tenei kohinga: "Marburg", "Yard", "rangi hotoke", "oaoa", "Echo", "Swifts", "Ural mo te wa tuatahi",, "snowstorm" "Whatiia-ake" me etahi atu.

"Taku tuahine - Life"

I whakaputaina tēnei kohinga i roto i te tau 1922. Piri e te whakaaro noa i roto i tenei wā mahi a Pasternak. Rārangi o ngā whiti ngā i roto i te kohinga "toku tuahine - Life":

1. "Waltz ki roimata."
2. "Life".
3. "February, ki te tiki i waituhi, me te tangi!".
4. "Station".

ngā Memories o tamarikitanga, me te taiohi Pasternak ki mahi lyrical. i runga ko pono e kore te rārangi ngaio. i hanga te nuinga o nga oriori e kua whakaurua i roto i tenei kohinga i roto i te 1917. A i roto i nga tau e rua i mua ki tona putanga Pasternak tuhituhi te maau "iva rau me te rima o nga tau", "Spektorsky", "Rūtene Schmidt".

te tuhi

I roto i te mutunga o nga pia ma, i tuhituhi Boris Pasternak iti whiti. tahuri ia ki te tuhi. I te tuatahi i ratou iti tuhinga roa, pukapuka. I te tau 1930 whakaputaina e ia te pukapuka "Whanonga Haumaru". I roto i tenei wā, no te mana ki te kaituhi, kaua pai. Heoi, hohoro kua puta ke tona pā ana ki te kaituhi o te pūrākau "Doctor Zhivago" heke mai.

i roto i te doghouse

Ētahi wā Pasternak tukinotia ki te tetahi faatura, me te ara faahiahia mo Stalin. I muri i te hopu o Gumilev tuhituhia e ia he pukapuka i roto i ai ka ui ia ki mo te tuku o te rohi pehe. I hanga te tono. Na hohoro tukua. Ko whanaunga i waenganui Pasternak me te kāwanatanga Soviet kua ia riri i roto i te tau 1936. Mai i te pehe anga ki te tono ihirangi wä, i roto i ana i tuhituhi ai kihai i mahara. Pasternak, i roto i te tahuri, kihai i taea ki te whakatau i tēnei whakaritenga. I roto i ona whiti anga ki te puta atu me te ake mārama te tupapaku fakamamahi.

Translations

I roto i te tekau-, iti tuhituhi Boris Pasternak. Famous mahi o Shakespeare, Goethe, Schiller i whakawhitia ki a ratou. A, whakaorangia ana e ia tona hapu i te kore o te moni. Ko ia i muri uru e tau pai ana pau ia i runga i whakawhitinga, i tonu taea ki te hanga i te rota o lyric, me te tuhi mahi. Tae noa te mutunga o nga ra, te kaituhi i roto i te doghouse. I runga i te whakaputanga o ana mahi, a i roto o te pātai.

Pasternak, nei pai mahi anake i roto i te mutunga o nga eighties i mohiotia ki kaipānui Soviet, i rehabilitated muri tona matenga. I te tau 1988, i te pūrākau "Doctor Zhivago" i whakaputaina tuatahi i roto i te Soviet Union. Ko anake i roto i tomo i te nineties te hōtaka rotarota e tuhituhi Boris Pasternak.

Ko te Nobel

Hoki he aha te mahi i whakawhiwhia e ia te kaituhi o tenei tohu whaimana? Ko te pūrākau "Doctor Zhivago", whakaputaina i roto i te 1958 i roto i te Soviet Union i lau e te iti anake te maha o nga tangata. I whakawhiwhia Nobel ki te kaituhi mo tona takoha ki te whanaketanga o te pūrākau Russian hautoa. huaina rangatira Soviet rite te pukapuka "Doctor Zhivago" i te pani. Puta noa i te whenua, ka anga te mounu i.

I peia Pasternak i te Writers 'Union. Mō ia tito tuhinga riri i kaituhi rongonui, tae atu Sergei Mikhalkov. ka ui māngai Semiofficial o te tuhi Soviet ki faaere te kaituhi o te pūrākau i tautohetia o raraunga me peia i te whenua. Pasternak, ki te ahuareka o ona hoariri, ki te hoatu, engari i mohiotia pai rawa ia i roto i Europe. Ko maere te meka i whakahē te pukapuka i te taha o tokomaha. Otiia tata i te pānui i tetahi o ratou i te reira.

I muri mai, i tuhituhi pehe he maau i huaina "Nobel". Hoki tenei mahi i karangatia ia ki te Lubyanka. Tenei wa i tino kiia e ia i te i whakawakia o "he i." Ko, Waimarie, tupu tetahi mea.

Na, ka Pasternak tuarua te Laureate Russian Nobel mō te tuhinga. Ko te tuatahi ko te Ivan Bunin. Ko te pūrākau, hoki i whakawhiwhia e ia te utu, ka karanga te take roa i roto i tona whenua. He aha te mahi i pupū ake te nui mauahara i?

"Doctor Zhivago"

He hua kua meinga e o riri, he tupuhi, parau e pā ana ki o te tama a te tangata pisinisi kaihau te whakarau. Ko te protagonist - Yuri Zhivago - he uri o te whānau kotahi rawa. Ko maumauria tona papa i te waimarie katoa i roto i te nga kakainga. Ko te hero o te pūrākau ka mau i runga i te mātauranga o faaipoipo Gromeko. tupu Yuri me ratou tamahine, Tonya, nei i muri e meinga tana wahine.

riro Yuri te tākuta. Kia, ka ko ahau ano he ākonga, ite e ia te scene fakamamahi: hanga kotiro taitamariki he whakamātau ki te whakamate i te rōia Moscow pai-mohiotia Komarovsky. Tenei tangata i kotahi whakanohoia tona ringa ki te whakangaromanga o te papa ora whakarihariha. Yuri mahara tonu kotiro, tamata ki kopere Komarovsky. ko tona ingoa Larissa. ka noho ia hei aroha, tau i muri mai, i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, ka ko Yuri he tākuta o tetahi o nga hohipera porowini.

Kua tahuri te pakanga ā-iwi katoa ka huripokitia e. Zhivago hoki ki Moscow, engari i roto i te whare i reira pau ia tona tamarikitanga, kei te hautū inaianei he kaitiaki Markel. Ki te Yuri ia inaianei korero rerekē. I muri i te katoa, i reira te mea he kupu: ko wai he mea e meinga nga mea katoa. Zhivago marena Markel tamahine, me te hohoro mate o te whakaeke ngakau. Ko te pene whakamutunga o te pūrākau i reira ko te hui o hoa Zhivago. Ko tētahi o ratou - Michael Gordon - maheni ki te tamahine e Awatere a George me ko te kohinga o tona oriori. I roto i enei mahi whiti:

1. "Hamlet".
2. "I roto i te Tapu."
3. "Wedding".
4. "Autumn".
5. "White Night".
6. "Ofatiraa Dawn."
7. "Winter Night".
8. "Miracle".
9. "Makarini."
10. "Ko te ra kino."