Ko te pūnaha io parasympathetic

E whakahaeretia e te wahi o nga whekau o te tinana (pērā i te ngakau, puku, whekau) te pūnaha io piringa, e mohiotia ana ko te pūnaha io autonomic (Ans). e kore tatou e e ite i roto i te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga, me pehea nga Ans, ko te ara tumu tenei. Hei tauira, e kore e taea e tatou e kite i te mahi o nga oko toto me te ki whakaawe i te auau ngakau. Ahakoa te nuinga o ngā mahi autonomic whakaata, ka taea e etahi o ratou iwi whakahaere aau, engari ki te whānuitanga etahi. Tenei horomia, mahimahi fakasekisualé, me te respiration.

Whakarato homeostasis, autonomic (ranei vegetative) pūnaha io ko te tino nui i roto i te kōwhiri i te ara o te whanonga, me ngā mahi e whakahaeretia ana e te roro. Ko tenei te mea tupu i roto i ngā āhuatanga ohorere e whakapataritari ahotea me rapu utu tatou ki te kukū o te ope ā-i roto i te whawhai ki te āhuatanga o nāianei me te hoki olungá tūkunga hāngai ki te ora, me te okiokinga.

ngā o wehenga e toru Ans:

- te pūnaha io pukuaroha (SNS);

- te pūnaha io parasympathetic (PNS);

- pūnaha io enteric (meshwork o muka karere, i te mea i roto i te maha o ngā whēkau, me te e taea te i titiro rite te toru o nga wāhanga o te autonomic io).

Ko te pūnaha io pukuaroha mahi hei takawaenga i roto i te tauhohe e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga taumaha, i te whakanui ake i te auau ngakau , me te whakapiki ake i te pēhanga toto. āta reira e ki te tinana i roto i ngā āhuatanga taumaha fakatu'utāmaki rite ranei te mahi tere. hāngai ana tēnei ki te puāwaitanga tauutuutu mana'o "whawhai ranei rere", takawaenga e rua karere matua matū - epinephrine (Adrenaline) me norepinephrine. Hoki tenei take, ka karanga sna "mahi i te io."

Ko te pūnaha io parasympathetic, i te tahi atu te ringa, ko te "ata" wahi o te Ans. Kei te mohiotia ano te reira rite "ata te io." Ahakoa faaineine te pūnaha io pukuaroha te tinana mō ngā āhuatanga taumaha, te NTC he "i roto i overcharging" o te pūngao, me te ora. Whakaongaonga te reira i te mahi e puta ina ko te tinana i te okiokinga, tautautefito ki he lolotonga kai, naps, mahimahi fakasekisualé.

Ko nga wehenga pukuaroha me parasympathetic o Ans i whakahaere ki tetahi ki tetahi, e kore e fehangahangai. 'I hono kehé, ko reira he matatini o hono, te hanga i te toenga i roto i to tatou tinana. I waenganui i enei taunekeneke hihiri wehenga tīariari e kua whakaritea e te karere tuarua (puni me cGMP). Hei tauira, ina e tango te ngakau te whakaongaonga neural i te NTC, pōturi iho te mokowhiti, me te hurihia, ka e tango te ngakau whakaongaonga neural o neurons sna, auau ngakau nui haere.

kia tautāwhi i whakahohenga kaungāongo'i te faaitoitoraa o te parasympathetic presynaptic. Waihoki, whai wāhi te pūnaha io parasympathetic te i roto i te inhibition presynaptic o hokohoko karere kaungāongo'i.

Functions o autonomic te toenga pūnaha io he faufaa. Ki te ofati koe te pāhekoheko i waenganui i te "karere mahi", me te "te ata noho karere" i reira e te tahi mau whāititanga, ko te kupu tä te kounga o te ora.

Na, Ka taea e SNS overstimulation arahi ki raruraru pērā i manukanuka, takawhita me raruraru kūnatu. Ka taea e PNS overstimulation hua i roto i te pēhanga iti me te mana'o o te rohirohi.

Ko te pūnaha io parasympathetic, me te te pukuaroha, e kore e hāngai i roto i te rohe kotahi, a ka tohaina ki runga i te wāhi nui. PNS pokapū autonomic kei roto i te kakau roro me te rohe o te ua sacral. I roto i te medulla raru cranial, VII rua, i hanga IX me X kohu mamaoa te muka parasympathetic preganglionic. Mai i medulla filosilivá muka preganglionic ranei (te roa) oho te ki te ganglia e kua tū tata rawa ki te okana ūnga, ka hanga te synapse. whakamahi Synapse he neurotransmitter i huaina acetylcholine. I roto i tenei rohe i te ganglion matapae muka postganglionic (poto) te tika i runga i te okana ūnga, te whakamahi i rite acetylcholine.

mahi acetylcholine i runga i rua ngā momo o receptors cholinergic: nicotinic me muscarinic (acetylcholine ranei receptors). Ahakoa whakamahi acetylcholine te pūnaha io parasympathetic (rite te neurotransmitter), petidy (cholecystokinin) e taea hoki te mahi i tēnei mahi.