Ko te pūnaha kūnatu o kararehe: te hanganga āhuatanga

Mammals - he kararehe e whangai ratou kuao ki te waiu. Ko te tino tino whakaritea ratou. Puha, uri, kūnatu, romahā me te pūnaha circulatory o kararehe, te hanganga tino matatini i roto i te rite ki ētahi atu wae nahanaha. Ko kia utua tokanga makehe ki te hanganga ko te pūnaha kūnatu.

Nutrition me te nakunaku

Food - tetahi o nga āhuatanga matua o ngā kaiao ora. Kei tēnei tukanga i roto i te tono ki te matū tinana me ratou panoni me te excretion i ngā toenga kai te hokotai. I roto i te whēkau motuhake puta nakunaku - te wāwāhi matū matatini organic (pūmua, lipids, warowaihā) ki ohie, e taea te whenumi ki te toto. Aha biopolymers ki te fatifati ki ona wahi wāhanga? Ko te take i he rawa nui ratou rāpoi, me te kore e taea e tomo i te waipuke kūnatu ki te toto. Ko te pūnaha kūnatu o kararehe - he kahore okotahi. He he maha o ngā āhuatanga e rereke ai ratou i te tahi atu chordates.

Ko te hanganga o te pūnaha kūnatu i roto i ngā kararehe

Kei tēnei okana pūnaha o rua nga wahi: ko te teihana me repe. Kei te digested te kai tuatahi, te matūkai e riro ki te toto, a ona toenga te hokotai haere ki waho. arakai ngā te wāhanga e whai ake nei: kōhao buccal, pharynx, pū kai, puku, whēkau iti me te nui, mutu te nono. tango Therethrough me otaota pukupuku. Ko Āhuatanga o te hanganga o te pūnaha kūnatu o kararehe i roto i te aroaro o te rino. Tenei whekau motuhake, e he whākōkī - kaiwhakakökï koiora e whakatairanga te tukanga o te wāhinga o biopolymers.

Āhuatanga o nakunaku i roto i te mangai

Agencies pūnaha kūnatu kararehe, me te ake āta te hongere haamata ki te kōhao-waha. Paparinga me ngutu puka kōhao preoral. Ko te wahi i te momo e rua o te tukatuka kai tenei. kawea Mechanical i na tikanga o niho rerekëtanga me te arero, matū - whākōkī o te repe salivary. Tenei piri ratou tetahi anake momo o matū waro - polysaccharides, warowaihā matatini ki huka ohie.

Pārōnaki o niho tei runga i te momo o te kai, me te tikanga o tona production. Konihi Ko nga incisors tino whakawhanakehia, hoki herbivores he molars angamaheni āhua flat, a kei te ngaro tohorā niho i te katoa.

Nakunaku i roto i te kopu

Bolus i te mangai i roto i te pū kai ki te kopu e neke - te wahi tino whänui o te teihana katoa. timata Ko tōna taiepa uaua ki te holomui, ka ko whakauru te kai. Here te kitea reira, me te tukatuka matū. Kūnatu, Kei te whanaunga tata pūnaha circulatory o whāngote. wai pekitīlia wawahi iho pūmua me lipids ki waetahi - wāhanga. Anake i roto i tenei ara whiwhi ratou ki te toto.

Nakunaku i roto i te punuatuna

tonu te pūnaha kūnatu o te whēkau kararehe: iti, me te nui. He wähanga i digested i roto i te kopu, kai tomo nga wahi iti o tona kapa tuatahi. Here i reira ko te nakunaku whakamutunga, me te mimititanga o matū i roto i te toto me te tīpona. Ko te tuatahi o te whēkau iti huaina te duodenum. Reira tuwhera aerodynamics o te repe taiaki me ate. kōpiro nui - te wāhanga whakamutunga o te pūnaha kūnatu. Here whenumi te nuinga o te wai kei te ka hanga e nohoanga, Reflexively neke atu i te tōu.

repe kūnatunga

āhuatanga te pūnaha kūnatu o kararehe e te aroaro o te rino. Ko te tinana, e he whākōkī tenei. Ko te kōhao-waha, ko te toru o takirua repe salivary. huna ratou he taonga kanokore hāwareware. Ko te hanganga o te huware he wai, whākōkī amylase me maltase me hūpē mucin. Ia o ratou mahi tona mahi. Water lysozyme wets kai inactivates microorganisms me whakaora nei patunga, amylase me piri maltase Te warowaihā mucin he pānga hipoki.

Ko te hanganga o te wai pekitīlia ngā waikawa pūmāota, arai tukanga putrefactive me te whakaongaonga mahi toitoi. matū atu he whākōkī pepsin me lipase, e e aua piri pūmua me lipids. waikawa pūhaumāota Ko te taonga kaha matū, ka taea e waikura reira te ararewa kopu. Mai i tenei ana mahi tiaki te hūpē (mucin).

Te repe taiaki secretes he inu kūnatu, whākōkī arā o trypsin, amylase me lipase. Ratou i te pae hopea i piri ki tetahi taonga organic.

Nui me te tūranga o te ate. Kei te hanga e tonu te reira i ate. Kia i roto i te kōpiro iti, emulsifies reira ngako. Ko te ngako o tenei tukanga ko te pirau o enei biopolymers ki rūrūtia iti. Ka rite ki taua, e hohoro digested ratou, ka whenumi e te tinana. Whakahohenga o whākōkī, nui haere mahi pūkaha o te whēkau, mutu putrefaction - ko reira ano hoki te mahi o te ate.

He aha e whākōkī

Na inaianei atu e pā ana ki te āhua me te tikanga o te mahi o whākōkī. Ka rite ki kaiwhakakökï koiora, tere ratou ake tauhohe matū. Ko tino te wahi kūnatu o kararehe i te wahi tika o te mahi o whākōkī.

Feeding mau peu o kararehe

He huinga o panoni matū o te matū i te wa o te rongo Ahu huaina ki te pākia. Ko te huru e tika ana mō te tipu, te whanaketanga, me te oraraa anake o tetahi rauropi ora tenei. ngā rōpū rerekē o kararehe i roto i te mau rave'a e rave rahi taunga ki te hanga o te kai. Konihi patua nga kararehe ngoikore. Ki te mahi i tenei, i ratou pai whakawhanakehia-he niho, ara nga incisors me canines. A he tokomaha momo wätea, me te kaikiko. O ngā moni he ruminants. Ko tino matatini ratou pūnaha kūnatu. He tino ngaro i te tihi te incisors, e whakakapi ratou e te niho ripeka-takai me he underdeveloped niho. Tenei hanganga o nga niho e hiahiatia ana ki te whakahoki ake tarutaru - kapia. Giraffes, kau, me te hata - he māngai angamaheni o tenei rōpū o kararehe. Kei te wehe rua o ratou kopu ki ngā wāhanga e wha. E huaina ratou nga rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum. I roto i te kai tuatahi e rua kokokiko, decomposes ki nga wahi mārō, me te wai. burped kapia i te kopu hoki ki te mangai, ka te kokokiko, ano. kai ka āta tukatuka whiwhi tonu te toru o nga tari - te pukapuka, a ka - i roto i te abomasum. I roto i tenei tari whakamutunga i waiho i raro ia ki te mahi o te wai pekitīlia, a te mutunga wahia.

kararehe Non-ruminant pērā i poaka mohoao, poaka me hippos ko te puku kotahi-ruma ohie me te paerewa pūnaha kūnatu.

Hei hopu kai, te whakamahi i etahi e alangá mo whāngote. Na, ko te arewhana e kai ki te mangai te whakamahi i te kātua. Na pekapeka e whangai i runga i te waihonga, i te mata papatahi, me te arero i roto i te puka o te paraihe. He pūrere motuhake he me ki te kai kararehe. rokiroki maha kiore witi i roto i te takai paparinga.

Ko te pūnaha kūnatu o kararehe e te hanganga matatini, i te mea tino ti'aturi i runga i te āhua o kaiao kai me te kararehe.