Ko te pūtake o nāianei hiko he hiko nāianei: definition me te ngako

mohio katoa i te akoranga ahupūngao e i raro i te nāianei hiko te tikanga te aronga matūriki nekehanga whakahau e mau ana i te tiaki. Ki te whiwhi te kaiwhakahaere riro mara hiko. Ko te taua he tika i roto i ki te tikanga tonu ki te tīariari mo te wa roa, o nāianei hiko.

Rauemi o te nāianei hiko e taea e:

• pateko;
• matū;
• aunoa;
• Semiconductor.

whakamana ia mahi te wahi wehea raznozaryazhennye matūriki, i.e. he puna mana mara hiko. Wehea, kohikohi ratou i runga i amo i roto i te hononga whenua o conductors. A, no te e hono nga amo ki nga matūriki kaiwhakahaere ki te tiaki tīmata ki te neke, ka hanga e te nāianei hiko te.

Rauemi o hiko tenenga o nāianei mīhini hiko

Tae noa ki te waenganui-tekau ma whitu te rau tau hua he nāianei hiko hiahiatia te rota o te kaha. I te wa ano, tipu tau o pūtaiao whai wāhi i roto i te mea. Na mea whakaaro Otto von Guericke te motokā tuatahi hiko i roto i te ao. I roto i te kotahi whakamātau reira ki whanariki, whakarewa i roto i te mea porotaka tuwhera hanga o te karaihe, whakapakeke a wahia te karaihe. whakakaha Guericke te pōro kia e taea e te reira hauhautanga. Tītaka reira me te pēhi i te wahi o te kiri, riro te reira i te korakora. Ko tino māmā ki te whiwhi hiko wā-poto tēnei waku. Ko taea te faatiti'aifarohia te raruraru uaua ake anake ki te whanaketanga atu o te pūtaiao.

Ko te raruraru ko e te utu Gericke hohoro ngaro. Hei whakanui i te roa o te tinana o te tiaki whakanohoia i roto i ngā kati (ipu karaihe), ka uira pikitia wai whakamana ki te titi. Whakamātau papaitia ka te pounamu ki ngā taha e rua pani ki te rauemi conductive (E whakataka ana whakarewa, hei tauira). Ka rite ki te hua, ka mohio tatou e ko te reira taea ki te mahi, kahore he wai.

waewae Frog rite te puna o nāianei

Ko tētahi atu huarahi ki te hua hiko mo te wa tuatahi kitea Luidzhi Galvani. Ka rite ki te kaikoiora, mahi ia i roto i te taiwhanga i reira whakamātauria ki te hiko. ka kite ia heke waewae o te poraka mate i ka te hiamo reira e te mura i te mīhini. Ko kotahi ra, i tutuki te pānga taua i te tupono noa, i te pa o te kaipūtaiao tona scalpel maitai.

ka anga ia ki te titiro mo te take, te wahi i reira ko te nāianei hiko. Rauemi o te nāianei hiko i roto i tona mutunga whakamutunga Frog i te kopa.

Tetahi Italian, Alessandro Volta, ta te "poraka" o te natura o te takanga o te nāianei. Ua itehia e, e i tāpiri i te nāianei rahi parahi, me te konutea i roto i te wairewa waikawa pungatara. huaina ana tēnei huinga ko huānga galvanic matū ranei.

Ko te whakamahi o taua moni mo te EMF e kua utu rawa i. Na reira, kei te mahi pūtaiao i runga i te tahi atu, pūkaha, tikanga o te hanga o te pūngao hiko.

Nahea te generator noa?

I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau tekau mā iwa AH kitea Oersted e whakatika te wahi o nāianei i roto i te i te papa autō pēne takenga. A iti i muri mai, kitea Faraday e ka piri te whakawhitinga o nga rārangi o te kaha EMF te i roto i te kaiwhakahaere, e ai nāianei. rerekē emf ki te tere me te conductors ratou, me te te kaha mara. I te whakawhitinga o ngā rārangi rau miriona o te kaha ia Ākinga Pūngao tuarua piri riro rite ki te kotahi wae. Ko reira mārama e kore he ahei o hoatu te nāianei nui hiko e pupuri ā-ringa i roto i te papa autō. Rauemi o nāianei hiko o tenei momo, ko te tawhiti atu whai hua mohiotia ki awhiowhio te waea i runga i te tākai nui ranei te hanga o ona drum-ahuahu. whakanohoia ana te pōkai kei i runga i te take i waenganui i te aukume me te wai rotatable steam ranei. he puna mana aunoa taua tūturu generators tikanga.

Tesla nui

He kaiputaiao ngingila i Serbia, Nikola Tesla, fakatapui tona ora ki te hiko, hanga maha ngā āhuatanga e whakamahi tatou i teie mahana. Multiphase hiko mīhini, tukutahingakore motors hiko, te mana tuku i roto i te maha-wāhanga tauutuutu nāianei - e kore ko te rārangi katoa o mahi nui pūtaiao tenei.

He tokomaha e whakapono e te āhuatanga o Siberia, e mohiotia ana ko te meteorite Tunguska, i roto i te meka huaina ko reira Tesla. Ko pea tetahi o te ngaro te nuinga o te tenenga ko te hiko ahei o te fariiraa i ngaohiko ki runga ki te tekau ma rima miriona volts. Rerekē ko tona pūrere me nga ture o tātaitanga a tātau mohiotia. Otiia i roto i aua ra tīmata matou ki te whakawhanake i te hangarau mārua, i roto i nei i reira ko kahore he rangirua. Na reira, ko te tenenga o te pūtaiao i te wa wareware.

Ko tenei ra, ki te haerenga mai o te ahupūngao ariā i roto i tona mahi whakahoutia ano te moni. mohio Etera hau e he raro ki nga ture katoa o te hau te pūhanga manawa. kumea te reira i ona pūngao i reira te Tesla nui. E tano ia tapao i e kua te ariā Etera rawa noa i roto i te mua i roto i kaipūtaiao maha. Anake ki te putanga o te SRT - ariā motuhake o Einstein o ngä, i roto i i whakakahore ia te oraraa o te Etera - wareware e pā ana ki reira, ahakoa i muri whakatakoto kore te ariā whānui i wero ia ia kia rite ki taua.

Ko ia e noho i runga i te nāianei me ngā pūrere e he whaikörero i teie mahana hiko.

Whanaketanga o ngā pūrere hangarau - kai mana

E whakamahia taua whakaaro mō te huringa o te pūngao rerekē ki pūngao hiko. Ahakoa te meka e kua whakatuwheratia nga tikanga tinana, me te matū o te whakaputa hiko mo te wa roa, whaikörero, riro ratou anake i te hawhe tuarua o te rautau rua tekau, ka ka te reira tere whakawhanake te hikohiko. i kō atu e 25 ngā momo te tuatahi faaipoipo galvanic rima. He ariā o te faaipoipo galvanic kia tatau e rave rahi mano, mai taea te whakatinana i te pūngao noa i runga i tetahi oxidizing me āpiha whakaiti.

Rauemi Power tinana

timata Natural puna o te hiko ki te whakawhanake i muri. Kei te hoko piki pākaha tikanga Modern, a pai akakoromaki ahumahi wera me te thermionic generators ki te tamataraa tipu. puna mana tinana - he whakaaro te wahi e tahuri te waiariki, hiko, mīhini me te pūngao o te radiation me te pirau karihi ki pūngao hiko. I tua atu ki te runga ake, hopohopo ano ratou rite engines hiko, generators MHD, me te hoki tahuri radiation solar, me te pirau ngota.

Ki te nāianei hiko i roto i te kaiwhakahaere e kore ngaro, e titau te reira i te pūtake waho ki te mau tonu i te rerekētanga pea puta noa mutu te pēne. Ko nga puna pūngao e whai he tetahi hoki tenei Ākinga Pūngao ki te waihanga me te mau tonu i te rerekētanga pea. EMF whakamana whanganga mahi pūtake o nāianei hiko ka te whakawhitinga tiaki tāpiri puta noa te ara iahiko kati.

Ātete i roto i te supply mana te ine nui faaite te reira, te whakarite i te nui o mate pūngao i roto i te pūtake.

Ko te mana me te kakama o te ngaohiko rite ki te ōwehenga o te ara iahiko hiko waho ki EMF.

puna Chemical

Matū puna o nāianei i roto i te EMF taiawhio hiko ko te pūrere, i reira te tahuri te pūngao o te tauhohe matū ki pūngao hiko.

Kei tōna turanga o rua electrodes: kua pai te tōraro whakatupato whakaiti kaihoko, me te oxidizing kaihoko i ako, i te hunga i roto i te whakapā ki te kawehiko. I waenganui i te electrodes te rerekētanga pea, EMF.

Kei te maha ngā pūrere Modern whakamahia:

• rite te māngai whakaiti - mata, cadmium, konutea me etahi atu;
• piti hāora - nika waihā, waikura mata, konupora me te rite;
• kawehiko - rongoā o waikawa, kawakore tai ranei.

whakamahia whānuitia pūtau maroke o te konutea me te konupora. Oko tangohia i konutea (he te kawehiko tōraro). Roto whakanohoia te he kawehiko pai ki te ranunga o te konupora hāorarua ki te waro graphite ranei paura i te whakaiti i resistance. mahi te kawehiko rite te whakapiri o te haukini pūhaumāota, māngaro me ētahi atu wāhanga.

pūhiko mata-waikawa hiri - ko reira maha he puna nāianei matū tuarua i roto i te ara iahiko hiko he kaha nui, rere pūmau, me te mea he utu iti. Pūhiko o tenei momo e whakamahia i roto i ngā mara. maha hiahia ratou mo pākahiko timata, e he tino faufaa mo te motokā, te tikanga kei hea ratou he monopolists.

Kei tētahi atu pūhiko noa o te rino (pitoake), nika hydrate waikura (pitoiho) me kawehiko - he wairewa o te pāhare pāporo konutai ranei. Ko te rauemi kaha i roto i te ngongo maitai nika-whakakikoruatia.

Ko te whakamahi o tenei momo heke i muri i te ahi i te wheketere o Edison i 1914. Heoi, ki te whakarite tatou i te āhuatanga o te momo tuatahi, me te tuarua pākahiko, huri i te reira i roto i e taea te mahi o te rino-nika kia tino roa atu te waikawa mata.

Generators o DC me AC

Ko te generators he whakaaro e kua tikanga ki taui pūngao pūkaha i roto i te pūngao hiko.

Ko te māmā DC generator taea te māngai rite te anga o te kaiwhakahaere, i whakanohoia i waenganui i nga amo autō, me te e hono ki taratahi hawhe-mowhiti (kaikohi) nga pito. Hoki te pūrere ki te mahi, me whakarite e koe te huringa o te anga ki te tango. Na ka ka piri te reira huringa nāianei hiko aronga i raro i te mana o te rārangi papa autō. Ko te ara iahiko waho ka haere te reira i roto i te ahunga kotahi. Huri i te reira i roto i taua e tika i te tango tauutuutu nāianei, whakaputaina nei e anga. hanga ki te whakatutuki i DC kaikohi te o toru tekau-ono, neke atu rānei paraharaha, me te kaiwhakahaere ngā he plurality o papa i roto i te puka o te armature awhiowhio te.

Fakakaukau ki he me'a te whakaaro o te mania pūtake o nāianei. Ite i te nui te tīariari ake puna o nāianei.

He ara iahiko hiko: hiko nāianei, kaha nāianei, puna o nāianei

Ko te ara iahiko hiko ngā te puna o nāianei e, tahi ki ētahi atu taonga hanga i te ara mo te nāianei. He ngaohiko ariā emf me nāianei e rerengia ana i tenei tukanga hiko tuwhera.

Kei roto i te ara iahiko hiko tino ohie o te puna o nāianei (pūhiko, he generator pūtau iahiko, a na i runga i), kiritaki pūngao (hatete hiko, motors hiko, me te tahi atu), me te waea honotanga nga terminals o te puna ngaohiko me te kiritaki.

Ko te ara iahiko hiko he ā-(pūtake mana) me te waho (waea, whakakā, kupu taka, ine mea) wāhanga.

Ka mahi te reira, ka whai i te uara pai anake, ki te te ngā ara iahiko kati. Tetahi āputa ai paipa o te rere o nāianei.

Kei te taiawhio hiko o te puna o nāianei i roto i te puka o pūtau iahiko, accumulators hiko, electromechanical me generators thermoelectric, pūtau solar, a na i runga i.

Ka rite ki motors hiko haa farii e tahuri pūngao ki pūngao pūkaha, rama, me te whakawera pūrere, tāutanga-iahiko, me te pera i runga i.

Apatoko Ko nga whakaaro e mea faufaa no te tahuri i runga i a atu, ine mea me ngā tikanga tiaki.

E wehea nga wāhanga katoa ki:

• hohe (te ara iahiko hiko ngā ai te EMF nāianei pūtake, motors hiko, pūhiko, me te pera i runga i);
• hāngū (e ngā farii hiko, me te takotoranga waea).

Ka taea hoki e te mekameka:

• rārangi, ai te āhuatanga tonu te huānga ātete i te raina tika;
• nonlinear, ai he ti'aturi i runga i te ngaohiko o nāianei ranei te parenga.

Ko te kaupapa māmā, te ara iahiko ngā ai te pana pūtake o nāianei, he umanga, he rheostat.

Ahakoa te tini whānui o taua whakaaro hangarau, rawa i roto i nga wa tata e tono atu me te atu iwi pātai e pā ana ki te tāutanga o puna pūngao rerekē.

He momo o ngā mātāpuna o te pūngao hiko

He aha ngā puna o nāianei hiko te tīariari tonu? Ko reira e kore anake te ra, te hau, te whenua me te tai. Kua meinga e ratou pera-ka karanga e pā ana puna pūngao rerekē.

Me mea e ahau e reira te vai he huinga kē. e kore e noa ratou, no te mea he kore ano mahi, he hāneanea hoki. Ko te tangata e mohio, pea ka hei te heke mai tika ki muri ratou.

Ko te kupu, kia whiwhi pūngao hiko i te wai tote. Norway Kua whakapumautia kua mana, tono tenei hangarau.

Ka taea hoki e ngā teihana Power rere i runga i ngā pūtau wahie ki kawehiko waikura mārō.

riro kia mohiotia generators piezoelectric te pūngao i roto i te pūngao neke (te tīari kē ki poke taua hangarau, fepulopulasi tere, turnstiles me ara patunga kanikani).

He nanogenerators, e kua hāngai ana ki te huringa o te pūngao i roto i te tinana tangata ki te hiko.

He aha ka taea e koe te mea e pā ana ki te pükohu e wera to ratou mau fare, hoari whutupaoro, whakaputa hiko, pereoo taataahi, e taea te whakatupato gadgets hiko, a tae noa tapatapahi pepa, whakamahia rite te puna mana?

kupu whakaari nui, o te akoranga, no ki te whanaketanga o te pūngao puia.

Ko tupuraa mau hakari-ra i runga i nei mahi pūtaiao tenei katoa. Ko taea e etahi o ratou rawa hohoro hei tino kitea, rite hiko i roto i te mau fare i teie mahana.

Pea ka whakakitea te tangata nga mea ngaro o te pūtaiao Nikola Tesla, a ka taea ki te whiwhi mana ngāwari i te rangi tangata?