Submarine - he aha te mea tenei? submarine Russian

Ko te submarine - ko reira he piha motuhake o kaipuke e e taea ki te ruku ki rire nui, me te mo te wa roa i raro i te wai. submarines teie mahana Ko te patu rauhanga matua o te Navy o tetahi iwi. Ratou painga matua - puku. hanga tenei submarines mahuinga ia i roto i te āhua o te whawhai.

History o hanganga: te timatanga

Hoki te wā tuatahi i runga i te pātai o te mea he waka ruku, ka hoatu e te whakahoki mahi ki Leonardo da Vinci. whakaahuatia e ia tona hōia me painga rauhanga, me te wa roa mahi i runga i te tahora o te pūrere, engari te mutunga tahuna katoa o ona tauira, i te wehi o nunu'a tina heke.

I roto i 1578 te kaipūtaiao English William Bourne i tona pūrongo whakaraupapahia he waka ruku, i kitea e ia i roto i nga hohonu o te Moana Black. Whakaahuatia te waka ruku - he mea noa rite te tuatahi U-poti hanga o Greenland i te kiri, me te hiako pateri. nohoia e te oko tāke whakataimaha, a ka mahi i rite te tumere kaiwhakatere. i taea e kore hoki te wa roa i raro i te wai, engari ara ka whakakitea he waka ruku taua hua mīharo.

kaupapa Official ki te hanga submarines i hanga tūmatanui anake i roto i te 1620. hoatu whakaaetanga o te hanganga ka mau te oko raro English Korol Yakov I. Designing he mataaro Tatimana K. Drebbel. I maoro i pai whakamatautau te kaipuke i Rānana. Engines tuatahi kaipuke raro mahi te UK i te kaihapai hoe-Powered. I roto i Russia, te whakaaro o te hanga i te kaipuke huna tīmataria e Pita I. patua Heoi, ki tona mate i te kaupapa i roto i te tupu. I 1834 i reira ko te katoa-whakarewa waka ruku raro tuatahi. Ko tōna ma'imi ko he mataaro Russian K. Schilder. Hurirere i hoe pūrere. i angitu nga whakamātautau, ka kawea tuatahi missiles whakarewatanga raro o te ao i roto i i te mutunga o te tau.

E kore taea te US Navy tu peka. I roto i te 1850 tīmata ia te kaupapa i raro i te aronga o L. Hunley. I te mana i te kaipuke i te wehenga motuhake. whakamahia te nekeneke takahuri nui e whatu kaumoana utuafare. haere kitea i roto i protrusions iti i roto i te whare. I roto i te tau 1864, i te tamaiti tuatahi Hunley totohu te kaipuke hoariri. I muri, angitu rite taea whakamanamana o Russia me France.

I roto i te pahi hopu Tuatahi o te Ao i rite rawa ki te diesel me motors hiko. I roto i te hoahoa i tētahi whakatupuranga hou o mua pakipūmeka Engineers Russian. I roto i te whawhai i roto i te whawhai whai wāhi 600 oko moana hohonu, e te mutunga totohu e pā ana ki 200 kaipuke me kaiwhakamate.

History o hanganga: he wā hou

Na roto i te timatanga o te Pakanga II o te Ao i te nuinga o mua i runga i te toenga o te USSR (211 wae). I roto i te wahi tuarua tu te kahupapa Italy - 115 mua. Next ko te United States, France, Britain, Japan, a ka anake Germany ki 57 oko hohonu-moana. E tano ia tapao e whakaaro tenei submarine i te wae whawhai matua o te Navy i roto i te whawhai. Tenei fakamo'oni'i te meka i predominated te Soviet Union i te mata moana, me i raro tae noa ki te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuarua. Whakahenga ko te waka ruku e totohu te katoa o neke atu i te 400 kaipuke hoariri. Ahakoa i taea e te waka ruku ruku ake ki 150 mita, i raro i te wai mo te ētahi hāora. Ko te tere toharite i pā ana ki 6 knots. Kua whakaputaina te revolution i roto i te engineering raro i te kaiputaiao pai-mohiotia Walter. hangaia e ia te tinana kaunuku me te pūkaha whakahaere i runga i te hauwai. Tenei whakahohea te submarines ki te hinga i te arai tere o 25 knots.

mua i tenei ra

submarine Modern - te reira mahi deepwater whakamahi ona otaota mana karihi ki te whakaputa i te pūngao e tika ana. Hoki kai mana submarines ko nga pākahiko, engines diesel, engines Stirling me ētahi atu pūtau wahie. I te kau, enei wae whawhai he kaipuke taonga o 33 whenua.

Hoki i nga 1990, ngā rākau o te riri o NATO o oko 217, tae atu ki ngā SSBNs me SSNs. I taua wa, ko Russia i te toenga o te iti iti iho i te 100 wae. I roto i te 2004, ka whakahau te Russian Federation i Itari i te hanga o te momo waka ruku kore-karihi iti. huaina te kaupapa ko S1000. Otiia, i te 2014 reira kua whakatotoka ana e whakaae tahi. I teie mahana, tetahi o nga submarines tere me tino pūkenga e whakaaro ki te hei hauwai. Tenei oko piha U-212 hohonu, e tata anake timata ki te kia whakaputaina i roto i Germany. whakahaere poti pērā i runga i te pūtake o te hauwai, reira whakatutuki kaupapa noiseless mōrahi.

whakarōpū o mua

Ka taea te wehea mua ki ngā rōpū ki te faatura ki te kāwai:

1. E ai ki te momo o ngā mātāpuna pūngao: mana karihi, diesel, steam me te hau, wahie, hauwai.
2. Whakamahia: Multipurpose, rautaki, motuhake.
3. rahi: ina tauihi ana, reo, iti.
4. E ai ki te momo o patu: torpedoes, ballistic, pere, whakauru.

Ko te kōwae tino noa ko te waka ruku karihi hohonu. Tenei momo o mua he ona ake whakarōpūtanga:

1. SSBN - submarines karihi ki patu ballistic.
2. PLARK - submarines karihi ki missiles ipu.
3. MPLATRK - multipurpose tōkiri pere ruku, te puna pūngao matua hoki i te mea he pūrere karihi.
4. DPLRK - submarines diesel ki missiles me mua.

Mai i taea e taiea nga momo whakamātautau: he rere, whai parirau me te ruku awa e nohoia.

Fundamentals o hoahoa

E hanga mua ake o 2 whare: marama, me te roa. Ko te tuatahi ko te ki te hoatu i te kaipuke ake ngā āhuatanga hydrodynamic me te tuarua - mo te tiaki o te pēhanga nui wai. huihuia tiketike i kowiri tira, Heoi, te tupu pinepine ratou me alloys Titanium. I runga i te waka ruku e waka tauā motuhake mō te whakataimaha, me te mana kuti. kawea toua te i roto i te whakamahi i te hydroplanes. Whāriki whakaritea e te displacement o te wai ki te hau kōpeke i tāke whakataimaha. Ko te kaupapa o te kaipuke arahi hinuheu ranei te mana karihi tipu. rere submarines iti i runga i pūhiko me te hiko. generators diesel Special whakamahia mō te tohutohutia. I roto i te whakamahi rite te pūkaha propellers.

momo o patu

Ko te submarines whakaaro, ko te ki te kawe i ngā mahi motuhake:

- te whakangaromanga o manuao,
- te whakakorenga o oko-whakaaro maha,
- te whakangaromanga o ngā rautaki o te hoariri.

Tei runga i te whāinga o te submarines whakaturia momo e tika ana o patu: maina, torpedoes, tākirirangi, pū, te hikohiko. Hoki te korero, whakamahia maha kaipuke hohonu-moana pūnaha rangi korero kawe.

submarine Russian

Ko tētahi o te hou tangohia i roto i te Tāruru tae submarines "Halibut". Construction o 24 waeine roa hoki e pā ana ki te 20 nga tau, mai i 1982. I teie mahana, i te tikanga o mua Russian ko 18 "Halibut". hanga poti i roto i te anga o te kaupapa 877. enei kaipuke hohonu-wai ka Momo o te pera-ka karanga "Varshavyanka". I te 2004, i whanau ia he whakatupuranga hou o te submarine, "Lada", mahi i runga i te tāutanga elektrodizelnoy. hangaia te oko te ki te whakangaro i tetahi ngā taumata hoariri. Kua tupu fakautuutu ēnei submarines Russian whakawhetai ki te taumata iti o te ngangau. Nā ki te utu nui o te kaupapa i hohoro hinga.

Ko te kaha a Tūrongo, matua o te kaipuke Russian he submarine karihi "Pike-B". roa te kaupapa mō neke atu i te 20 tau tae noa ki 2004. submarines teie mahana o tenei momo i runga i te patu Russian ko 11 wae. taea ki te tae te tere o 33 knots, rumakina hoki 600 m, me te he i roto i te whakatere motuhake ki te 100 nga ra "Pike-B" ko. Raukaha - 73 iwi. Ko te hanga o tetahi wae utu te taonga o e pā ana ki 785 miriona. Tara.

i roto i te täoro o te kaipuke ano e taua submarines karihi i Russia, me te mea he "mango", "Dolphin", "Barracuda", "Kalmar", "Antey" me etahi atu.

Ko te submarine hōu

I roto i te "Warszawianka" raupapa kia hohoro whakakiia ki wae moana Russian hou. Tenei ka waiho i te waka ruku hōu "Krasnodar" me "Stary Oskol". ka tae mai Boats ki mahi i roto i te hawhe tuarua o 2015. Ko te kahui he kaipuke hohonu-moana 'Kolpino "me" Veliky Novgorod ", engari oti ratou hanga e anake i te mutunga o 2016. Ko te mutunga, i reira ka kia 6" Warszawianka "wae hoahoa i runga i te whārangi toenga te Black Moana Fleet o. hangaia Māngai o tenei raupapa ko ki te haukoti i te hoariri e whakaeke, e ko, ki te te tiaki i naval turanga, kōrero, rohe. Mua "Varshavyanka" e pā ana ki te momo puku. mahi Elektrodizelnom i runga i te pūkaha.

Ko te roa o te waka ruku ko 74 m, me te whanui -. 10 m taea waka Underwater tae te tere o te 20 noti. Rumaki paepae - 300 m kauhoe ora -. Ki runga ki te 45 nga ra.

submarine ngaro a whakaukia

Tae noa nga 1940, submarines me ka ngaro i roto i nga hohonu o te moana, me ngā moana. Ko te take hoki tenei i kohakore hoahoa me missteps recaps, a ngaro ngā mahi hōia hoariri.

I muri tata i te Ao Tuarua nga wae ruku ngaro. Neke atu i te nga tau 50 kua hipa, kua tae Engineers tona tihi. Mai te timatanga o 1950 kore e whakaaro te waka ruku kino mo te ora o te waka, me tetahi whakapā ki te hoariri whakaritea tonu te turanga hōia. Ko te aha i roto i te tekau tau tata, pera iti ngaro mua. whakaaro te oko ngaro tino rongonui te "Scorpion" (USA), te "Dakar" (Iharaira) me "Minerva" (France). Ko reira taa'eraa i tuki katoa toru submarine wherua raro tūkunga ngaro i roto i te akoranga o te 2 wiki i roto i te 1968. Ngā pūrongo i runga i fakatamaki e toru katoa tukuna ki te ahanoa unidentified, i muri i te whakapā ki nei ngaro kōrero ki te waka i ake.

I roto i te katoa, i runga i te 60 tau kua hipa kua tuhia mana reira 8 whakaukia submarines karihi, tae atu e ono Russian me rua American. Ko te tuatahi te kaipuke "witi" (USA), i runga i te poari o e reira i 129 te iwi. puta te aituā rite ki te hua o te whakaeke hoariri i roto i 1963. I patua te waka katoa.

Ko te autaia tino me fakamamahi ko te whakarau o te waka ruku "Kursk". I roto i te raumati o 2000 e tika ana ki te pahūtanga o te tōkiri i te wehenga tuatahi o te kaipuke totohu ki te raro o te Moana Barents. Ka rite ki te hua, i patua 118 iwi.