Hanganga, Kōrero
Ko te timatanga o te whare Romanov. History o te whare Romanov
Romanovs whare nei hītori rā hoki ki te rau tau tekau ma ono, i tika mai i te rangatira tawhito. Otiia i muri mutu te faaipoiporaa i waenganui Ivanom Groznym me te māngai o te Romanov - Anastasiey Zaharinoy, ka ratou tata ki te marae kingi. I muri te whakaū i te whanaungatanga ki a Moscow Ruric i runga i te torona timata ki te tono Romanovs ratou.
timata History o nga fetaulaki'anga Russian o te whare i muri i te faatere i te whenua ka pōtitia grandnephew o te wahine Ivana Groznogo - Mikhail Fedorovich. tu tona uri i te matenga o Russia tae noa ki Oketopa 1917.
prehistory
puta te tupuna o te tahi mau mau utuafare rangatira, tae atu ki nga Romanovs, ka karanga Andrei Ivanovich mare,, rite kitea e te lekooti Divonovich repe-Kamba, riro i te bapetizoraa i te ingoa o Ivan, ko tona papa i roto i Russia i te tekau tau whakamutunga o te tekau ma wha rau. haere mai ia i Lithuania.
Ahakoa tenei, he tetahi kāwai o hītori kōrero e te timatanga o te whare Romanov (poto - te Whare o Romanov) mai i Novgorod. ko te hunga i rima nga tama a Andrei Ivanovich. i huaina ratou Haimona me tāriana Alexander rakau, Vasily Ivantay ko Kapariera Gavsha ko Fedor Cat. Ko ratou nga tupuna o te hunga i rite whitu whare rangatira i roto i Russia. I roto i te turi tuatahi Andrei Ivanovich ko ana tama tuatahi wha tapaina a Kobylin, Fedor Andreevich me tana tama Ivan - Koshkin, me te tama a te whakamutunga - Hakaraia - Koshkin-Zakhar'in.
Ko te putanga o ngā ingoa whānau
Uri hohoro paopao te wahi tuatahi - Cat. A mo etahi wa i timata ratou ki te tuhituhi anake i raro i te ingoa o Zakharins. Mai i te ono o nga turi tukunga i tapiritia te atu hawhe - Yuriev.
Fakatatau ki ai, te īngoa uri a Pita me Vasiliya Yakovlevichey Yakovlev, Romana - okolnichy me kawana - Zakharins-Romanov. Ko reira ki te tama a te whakamutunga, me te mea pūtake te whare Romanov rongonui. I roto i te kingitanga o tenei ahua timata i roto i te 1613th.
kingi
Romanov whare i taea ki te hanga i runga i te torona kingi māngai e rima. Ko te tuatahi o enei ko te-irāmutu nui o Anastasia - te wahine Ivana Groznogo. Mikhail Fedorovich - te kingi tuatahi o te whare Romanov, i whakaarahia e ia ki te torona Zemsky Sobor. Otiia mai ko ia taitamariki, me te ngawari, mau kingi te whenua Bayou Mata ki whanaunga. I muri ia ia, he torutoru nga whare kingi Romanov. te reira tana tama Alex me toru mootua - Fyodor, Ivan V ko Pita I. ko te reira i te whakamutunga i roto i te 1721, mutu te tau ki te whare Romanov.
fetaulaki'anga
A, no te haere mai a Pita A. ki te torona, mo te ahua o tīmata te wā tino rerekē. Nga Romanovs, tona hītori rite nga fetaulaki'anga o te whare timata i roto i 1721-m, hoatu ma toru nga rangatira Russian. O enei, e toru anake nga i te toto.
I muri Pita te nui - te emepera tuatahi o te Whare o Romanov - rite torona Empress Ngātuere, i riro e tana wahine ture Catherine ahau, te take mai o nei tonu maha ngā tautohe e arahi hītori. I muri i te mate a ia, haere mana ki tona mokopuna a Pita e ahau i tona faaipoiporaa tuatahi - Pita II.
No te mea o te riri tara me whanoke o te tauatanga o te aho o tona koroua i whakatotoka ana. A i muri i i tukua te mana emepaea me ūhia teina tamahine tuakana o te emepera Petra Velikogo - Ivan V, te mea i muri i kake Anny Ioannovny ki te torona Russian i tana tama te Duke a Brunswick. ko tona ingoa ko Hoani VI Antonovich. Ko ia anake te māngai o Mecklenburg-Romanov, nei ka mau te torona. hurihia te reira i tona whaea keke ake - "te tamahine a Petrov" Empress Elizabeth. ko ia takakau, me te urikore. Ko te aha te whare Romanov, te tepu o te Poari i te mea tino mīharo, i roto i te rārangi toa tika ko reira ki runga ki taua mea, me te mo.
Taunga ki te hītori
Rironga ki te torona o tenei ahua tupu i raro i mau huru ke, karapotia e maha mate ke. Romanov whare, i te whakaahua i roto i tetahi pukapuka hītori nei māngai, kua hono hāngai ki te meatanga Russian. tu te reira i roto i mo tona ïa tamau. Fakataha ki te iwi e haere i roto i nga wa pakeke, āta ara te whenua i roto i o te rawakore me te rawakore - nga hua o nga pakanga tamau, e te Romanovs.
rangatira tuatahi o
ko tino pehi tau o te timatanga o te whare Romanov. i kahore rangatira tika te āhua. Te nuinga i whakaaro whakawhetai ki te ingoa pai Anastasii Zaharinoy me tona teina whānau Nikita Romanov e katoa.
whakamamaetia Russia whawhai ki Sweden me ngā mutu te pakanga kaiakiri. I roto i te tīmatanga o Pepuere, te tau 1613th i roto i te Grand Kremlin Palace, whakarerea e whakaeke ke, me ki te puranga o te paru me te otaota, ka kauwhautia te kingi tuatahi o te whare Romanov - he rangatira taitamariki, me te ngawari Mikhail Fedorovich. A ko reira tenei ono tau tama tawhito a Patereareha Filaret tohua te timatanga o te kingitanga o te whare Romanov. I whakaritea e ia i runga i ki te kingi hoki e toru tekau ma rua nga tau.
Mai 1676, te tau tuatahi e ono o Russian tikanga mokopuna Mikaera - Fedor, ko muri i tona-koroua nui. I muri i tona matenga, te kingitanga o te whare tika o tonu Pita ahau me Ivan V Romanov - ona teina. Kei te hoki tata rima nga tau, i mahi ratou he mana rua, ara ahakoa tata katoa o whakahaere te whenua o tangohia ana mo to ratou tuahine Sophia, nei i meinga nei hei tino wahine mana-aroha. korero hītori tatou kua whakahau te torona rua motuhake, he poka ki te huna i tenei tūkunga. A ko reira i roto i a ia komuhumuhu hoatu Sophia ona tohutohu teina.
Petr Veliky
A ahakoa e pā ana te timatanga o te kingitanga o te whare Romanov te ki te ingoa o Mikhail Fedorovich, e mohio ana ki te i te iti rawa tetahi o ona māngai tata katoa. Ko te tangata e taea e whakakake o me te iwi Russian katoa, ratou Romanovs tenei. History o nga fetaulaki'anga Russian o te whare, kei te ta'elava hono te hītori o te iwi Russian me hītori o Russia ki te ingoa Petra Velikogo - te kaiwhakarewa, me te rangatira o te ope auau me te kaipuke, a i roto i te whānui - he tangata ki te whakaaro rawa ahu whakamua i runga i te ora.
Ki te tainga, he pai ai kaha, me te kaha nui mō te mahi, Pita ahau, rite, te mea, me katoa, ki te torutoru okotahi, te whare Romanov, e kua he whakaahua o ngā māngai o te pukapuka katoa hītori, hoki ora ako te rota. Otiia utua ia tokanga makehe ki hōia, me te kaumoana. I roto i te haerenga tuatahi ki waho i roto i te 1697-1698 tau, ka mau a Pita te akoranga o Artillery Sciences i Konigsberg, ka hawhe he tau mahi mo nga shipyards Amsterdam te tamuta ohie, ako te ariā o te pahi i roto i Ingarangi.
Ko te kore noa te tuakiri tino faahiahia o tona era, i taea e ia kia whakakake o nga Romanovs: e kore te hītori o te whare Russian i mohio he tangata atu maramarama, me te mahira. e pā ana ki a ia, kia rite ki ana to'utangatá, i whakaaturia mea katoa ki tenei.
paanga a Pita tonu i roto i te mea katoa e te hopoia pāngia ana mahere: a i runga i te wahi o te whakahaere ranei hokohoko, me te mātauranga. i tohaina tona pākiki ki tata katoa. kihai ia i whakarerea e ara nga taipitopito iti rawa, ki te ratou muri i taea e te tahi mea whai hua.
He mea o te ora Petra Romanova ko te ara o te kāwanatanga me te whakapakari o tona kaha hōia. Ko ia te tangata e riro te kaiwhakarewa o te ope auau me te kaipuke, tonu whakahounga a tona papa - Alexei Mikhailovich.
State huringa o te kingitanga o Pita tahuri Russia ki te āhua kaha, i whiwhi ngā tauranga, te whanaketanga o te hokohoko ke, me te whakahaere whakahaere pai.
A ahakoa te timatanga o te kingitanga o te whare Romanov i whakatakotoria tata e ono tekau tau i mua i tetahi o ona māngai kore i taea te whakatutuki i te mea i hanga Petr Veliky. Ia e kore e anake whakapumautia iho rite he takawaenga nui, engari ano hoki hanga Northern Alliance anti-Swedish. I roto i te aamu o te ingoa o te emepera tuatahi hono te wāhanga matua o te whanaketanga o Russia, me tona putanga rite he kaha nui.
I te wa ano a Pita te tangata rawa pakeke. A, no te te tau o whitu ka mau ia i runga i te mana, kihai i kore te reira ki te huna i to ratou tuahine, Sophia i ohu tawhiti. Ko tētahi o nga māngai tino rongonui o te whare Romanov, Pita, pai mohiotia rite te nui, i mohiotia nui kahore nei Hiha, kua tautuhi nei ia whāinga - ki te whakariterite tona whenua malotsivilizovannoy i roto i te tikanga Western.
Otiia, ahakoa enei whakaaro ahu whakamua, i whakaaro ia he nanakia hinaaro, he ōrite tonu mo tona mua nanakia - Ivanu Groznomu, te tane o tona-tupuna nui Anastasia Romanova.
paopao ētahi kairangahau te faufaa te whakanui ake o te vahiraa Pita me te kaupapa here whānui o te kingi i roto i tona kingitanga. A Pita, ratou whakapono, i roto i te hohoro ki te whakatutuki i ā rātou whāinga, na oho e te ara poto, te whakamahi i i nga wa ara tikanga āhua hauwarea. Na ko te take e muri tona matenga materoto e, Russian Empire hohoro hoki ki te āhua i nei te reforomatio Pyotr Romanov tamata ki te unu i te reira tenei.
E kore e taea i roto i te kotahi hinga rere ki radically huri tana iwi, ara ki te hanga mo tona whakapaipai fo'ou, boyars heua pahau, ka arahina sbiralsya i runga i rallies tōrangapū.
Otiia, ko te kaupapa here o te Romanovs, me i ngā, i te whakahou whakahaere, i whakaurua Pita auraa he rota mo te whenua.
peka hou
Ko te kupu, kia rite ki ture whakapapa, ka mohiotia te hapu emepaea rite Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov, kitea nei i roto i te koti ratou hapu o ringa kore anake, engari ano hoki i runga i te ringa o Russia. Mai taua wa, haere te torona i roto i te rārangi tika, kahore tetahi koropiko. tupu te whakawhetai ki te ture i whakaputaina e Paora tenei. ka mea te reira i te tauatanga o te rārangi tika o te tangata.
I muri i kingi te whenua e Paora Alexander ahau - tana tama matamua, ko wai i urikore. He tuarua tona uri - Duke Konstantin Pavlovich - ahuatanga e, i roto i te hono mo'oní, ko tetahi o nga take o te ngangaretanga Decembrist. Ko te kingi i muri i tana tama tuatoru - Nicholas I. I roto i te whānui, mai i te wa o Catherine te nui, ka anga kainga katoa ki te torona, ki te kakahu te taitara o te Karauna Prince.
I muri i Nicholas ahau, haere te torona ki tana tama matamua - Alexander II. I te tau o rua tekau ma tahi nga tau i mate Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich o te mate kohi. Na reira, ko te muri te rua o nga tama - Hiha Alexander III, e i muri e tana tama matamua, me te kawana Russian whakamutunga - Nicholas II. Ko te kupu, i te kau, no te, puta te whare Romanov-Holstein-Gottorp i tenei peka e waru emepera tatau me Catherine nui.
rautau tekau ma iwa
I roto i te rau tau XIX nui whakawhānui, ka nui haere te whānau kingi. i ara tangohia ture motuhake e whakahaere i nga tika me herenga o ia o nga melo o te utuafare. I tohua, me nga āhuatanga rauemi o ratou oraraa. He i ara whakaurua he taitara hou - te rangatira o te toto emepaea. riro ia uri tawhiti rawa o te rangatira.
- Holstein-Gottorpovskaya;
- Leuchtenberg - mai i te tamahine a Nicholas ahau, Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, ko Tiuka o Leuchtenberg;
- Oldenburg - i tona marena ki te tamahine o Hiha Paora Duke o Oldenburg;
- Mecklenburg - ahu i te marena o Princess Catherine Mikhailovna ko Tiuka o Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
Revolution me te Whare Imperial
Mai ka ko te timatanga o te whare Romanov, te kōrero o tenei hapu tonu o te mate, me te toto. No miharo te whakamutunga o te whānau - Nicholas II - tapaina a toto. Me mea e ahau e kore e te emepera ia i te wa ano rerekē riri tutu.
I tohua te kingitanga o te arii Russian whakamutunga i te tupu o te öhanga tere o te whenua. I te wa ano i roto i Russia reira ko te hua o ngā whakahēnga pāpori, me te tōrangapū. arahina tenei katoa ki te timatanga o te kaupapa pāhoro, me rite ki te hua - ki te whakatikanga ake o 1905-1907, a ka ki te Hui-tanguru Revolution.
emepera Russian me kingi o Poland me Grand Duke o Finland - te Russian Tsar whakamutunga o te whare Romanov - kake ki te torona i roto i te 1894. fakamatala'i to'utangata Nicholas II o rite ngohengohe, me te tino mātauranga, devotee haavare ore o te whenua, engari i te wa ano i te tangata rawa pakeke.
Te āhua, ko te take o te pato'iraa tamau ki te tohutohu o rangatira wheako i roto i te take kāwanatanga e, i roto i te meka, arahina ki hapa mate i roto i te kaupapa here Romanov tenei. aroha kanga Koinei o te kingi ki tana wahine, i roto i te tahi mau tuhinga kōrero o mua i huaina ara hinengaro tahatahi ngā, meinga te faainoinoraa o te uri kingi. kua ui tona mana kua posited rite anake te pono.
i tika ki te meka i rawa te mea te wahine o te emepera Russian whakamutunga i roto i te maha ngā āhuatanga o te kāwanatanga tenei. Heoi, i kore e taha ia he faingamālie kotahi ki te tango i te rawa o, i te maha nga tangata nui-rangatira he i roto i kore ara tano. Te nuinga o ratou whakaaro te kingi fatalist Romanov whakamutunga, etahi i nga o te whakaaro i te mea te reira noa tino tau'a ki te mamae o ratou iwi.
Whakamutunga o te kingitanga
Toto 1917 hei whakamutunga i hoki te mana hōloa o te tangata mārō. ka anga te reira i katoa ki te Pakanga o te Ao Tuatahi, me te memeha noa o te kaupapa here o Nicholas II i roto i tenei wā uaua mō te Russia.
Te raveraa ra o te whānau Romanov titau e i roto i tenei wā te arii whakamutunga noa e kore i taea e rahua ki wā whakatinana ki mahi te whakahounga tōrangapū, me te pāpori e tika ana ranei. i akina atu e te Hui-tanguru Revolution abdicate tonu te kingi whakamutunga. Ka rite ki te hua, whakanohoia Nicholas II me tona hapu i raro i te whare hopu i roto i tona whare i roto i Tsarskoye selo.
I roto i te rau tau waenganui-iwa kingi, nui atu i te ono o te ao te Romanovs. Ko te whaiaro-ranea, motuhake, me te aro te taonga whenua Pākehā te nuinga. Ko he wā nui, i mutu i muri i te mahia o te whānau kingi, te whakamutunga o nga Romanovs: Nicholas II ko Alexandra me ratou tamariki e rima. ¶ Na i roto i te basement o te whare Ipatiev i Yekaterinburg i te po o Hōngongoi 17, 1918.
Romanov tenei ra
Na roto i te timatanga o 1917, te Russian Imperial Whare o ngā Māngai ngā o ono tekau-rima, e toru tekau-rua o nei no ki te hawhe tane. i koperea waru iwi i te mua i roto i te wā i te tau 1918 ki te 1919 tau. ¶ Na i roto i St. Petersburg, Alapaevsk me, o te akoranga, i roto i Yekaterinburg. Ko te toe e wha tekau-whitu iwi kua rere. Ka rite ki te hua, i kitea e ratou ratou i roto i te whakarau, te nuinga i roto i te US me i France.
Ahakoa o tenei wahi nui o te whare kua neke atu i te kotahi tekau nga tau tumanako mo te tiango o te mana Soviet me te whakahokinga mai o te arikitanga Russian. A, no te i roto i te Hakihea 1920 Olga K. - Grand Princess - ka Regent o Kariki, ka anga ia ki te tango i roto i tenei whenua mo te maha hūfanga i Russia, i haere ana ki te tika tatari me te haere hoki ki te kāinga. Heoi, e kore tenei i tupu.
Heoi, i te Whare o Romanov mo te wa roa i te taimaha. Ano, i roto i te 1942, e rua ngā māngai o te Whare i tae noa whakaekea te torona o Montenegro. Kua ara hanga reira rōpū, e ngā nga mema o ora katoa o te whare.
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