Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Tau o te kaupapa here kāwanatanga

ka Mikhail Fedorovich te tsar Russian tuatahi o te whare Romanov. I te mutunga o Pepuere 1613 i tīpakohia e ia ki te rangatira o te kingitanga ki te Russian Zemsky Sobor. ka ia kingi kainga tupu e kore e kano, e kore e te ärai o te mana, a kahore o tona ake ti'araa i. i whiriwhiria Mikhail Fedorovich e te Atua, me te iwi, me i taua wa ko ia tau 16 anake tau. i tona rangatiratanga i te wa tino uaua. Mikhail Fedorovich rite whakarau i ki te mahi ki ngā raruraru ohaoha, me te tōrangapū nui: te whenua i roto i o te hepohepo i roto i i ko reira i muri i te aue, ki te ara, me te whakakaha i te ōhanga, ki te pupuri i te rohe o te fatherland, haea ki mongamonga. Ko te mea matua - ki te pupuri me te whakatika i te whare o Romanov i runga i te torona Russian.

Romanov whare. Mihail Fedorovich Romanov

i te whānau Romanov Boyar Fedora Nikiticha, e riro i muri Patereareha Filaret, a Xenia Ivanovna (Shestova), Hōngongoi 12, 1596 i te tama. huaina ratou ia Michael. i pā Romanov whānau ki whare Rurikovich a ko te tino taonga, me te pai-mohiotia me. Tenei hapu boyar puritia whenua nui, i roto i te wahi raki, me te pokapū o Russia kore anake, engari ano hoki i runga i te Don me i te Ukraine. I te tuatahi, noho Michael ki ana matua i roto i Moscow, engari i te 1601 ka hinga tona whānau ki ta'efakahōifua ka i waiho i raro ki te whakama. Te tohutohu ia i korerotia Boris Godunov e faaineine i te Romanovs te wahi, me te hiahia ki te whakamate ia ia ki te awhina o te potion magic. Te kohuru aru tonu - i hopukina maha ngā mema o te whānau Romanov. I roto i te Pipiri 1601 i te hui o te Boyar Duma whakawa ko: Fedor Nikitich me ana tuākana: Alexander, Mikaera, Vasily ko Ivan - kia tangohia o taonga, takoha ki te tapahia te mōnike, whakahekea ka herehere i roto i ngā wāhi rerekē matara i te whakapaipai. i tonoa Fedor Nikitich ki Antony o Siya Monastery, kei nei i roto i te koraha, wahi ururua, 165 maile i Anahera, i runga i te awa Dvina ki runga. Ko reira i reira e whakapai tona papa Mikhail Fedorovich i kuraina a ko Filaret. i te whakapanga Mother o te tangata mārō heke mai, Xenia Ivanovna, o te Tuhinga i roto i te hara ki te mana kingi, ka tonoa ki whakaraua i roto i te rohe o Novgorod, i roto i Utauta Tohu-Egoryevsky urupa i no Vazhitskomu ohu whakapono. Here tapahia ona makawe i roto i te tāupo'ou, ko Mata, ka herehere i roto i te whare iti, e karapotia ana e te taiepa tiketike.

Honoa Mikhail Fedorovich ki Byelozero

Little Mikaera, ko wai i i taua wa te ono o nga tau, whakahekea me tona tuahine-tau waru Tatyana Fedorovna me tati, Marfoyu Nikitichnoy Cherkassky, Ulyanoy Semenovoy ko Anastasia Nikitichna runga Beloozero. I reira, tupu te tamaiti ki runga i roto i te taiao tino pakeke, he matekai ngā, i tukua e ngaahi faingata'a me ereraa. I roto i te 1603, tamărû Boris Godunov te rerenga, ka whakaaetia Michael whaea, Mata Ivanovna, haere mai i runga i Beloozero tamariki. He wa poto i muri mai tangata mārō tukua ki nohoia te whakarau i roto i te rohe o Yuriev-Polsky, i roto i te kainga o Klin - Romanovs fiefdom taketake. I roto i te 1605, ka mau ia te mana teka Dmitry ahau, e hiahia ana ki te whakamatau ratou whanaungatanga ki te ingoa hoki Romanov ki Moscow morehu o ona māngai i whakaraua, tae atu i te hapu o Mikaera, a ia. i hoatu Fedor Nikitich Rostov archdiocese.

Smoot. Ko te āhua o te whakapae i roto i Moscow, te kingi heke mai

I roto i te mau taime fifi i 1606 ki te 1610 tau, nga ture Vasiliy Shuysky. I roto i tenei wā tupu maha ngā whakaari i roto i Russia. puta tae atu a tupu kaupapa "tahae", te whakatikanga ake kaiahuwhenua, i arahina I. Bolotnikov. Etahi wa i muri mai, apiti ake e ia ki te faahua hou, "Tushino" teka Dmitry II. timata wawaotanga Polish. riro hōia Commonwealth Smolensk. i hurihia Boyars Shuisky i te torona e tika ana ki te meka i ia e hikaka te mutu ki te kirimana Sweden Vyborg. I raro i tenei whakaaetanga, whakaae nga Swedes ki te āwhina Russia ki te whawhai ki te teka Dmitry, a i roto i hoki riro te kola Peninsula. Kia aroha mai, te mutunga o te kirimana Vyborg kihai i whakaora Russia - patua amo te ope Russian-Swedish i roto i te whawhai Klushinskoy, a whakatuwheratia huarahi ano ki Moscow. I tenei wa, nga boyars, rere te whenua, te fafau piri ki te tama a te kingi o te Commonwealth Sigismund, Vladislav. Kei te wahia te whenua kia rua nga ropu. I roto i te wā i 1610 ki te 1613 tau o whakatikanga ake anti-Polish o te iwi kua ara. I te 1611 ka hanga e te reira i te nuu faehau i raro i te ārahitanga o Lyapunov, engari i patua ai i runga i nga waho o Moscow. I roto i te 1612 hanga he hōia tuarua. I ahu te reira i na Dmitry Pozharsky me Kuzma Minin. I roto i te mutunga o te raumati o 1612 i reira ko tetahi whawhai, e wehingia ana i riro e te hōia Russian. taui Hetman Chodkiewicz ki Vorobiev maunga. Na roto i te mutunga o Oketopa whakawāteatia te ope Russian te Moscow i te amo pūmau i roto i reira, e tatari ana ki te tauturu i Sigismund. boyars Russian, tae atu Mikhail Fedorovich ki tona whaea Mata, riro, whakamamaetia e te matekai, me te masivá, i te mutunga tukua.

kohuru ngana o Fyodor Mikhailovich

I muri i te whakapaenga pakeke o Moscow, haere Mikhail Fedorovich ki Kostroma fiefdom. Here, mawhiti matatau te Kingi heke mai te mate i te ringa o te rōpū o amo e noho i roto i te ohu whakapono Railway-Borovsky me titiro hoki te ara ki a Domnino. Spas o Mikhail Fedorovich kaiahuwhenua Ivan Susanin, e tūao ki te whakaatu tahae te ara ki te kingi heke mai, a arahina ana ratou e ki te taha ki te ritenga, ki te repo. ka mau rerenga te kingi i mua nei i roto i te ohu o te Yusupov. i whakamamaetia Ivan Susanin, engari kihai i whakaatu ia i te wāhi o te Romanov. Ko te te tamarikitanga uaua ka ko te taiohitanga te kingi heke mai, ko wai te mea 5 tau, i panaia wehea i to ratou mau metua, a ora ki te papa o tona whaea ka he pani, kua ite te mau ati o te taratahi i te ao i waho, i nga mamae o te whakapaenga, me te hemokai.

Zemsky Sobor 1613 pōtitanga o Mikhail Fedorovich

I muri i te pana o nga boyars hoariri, me te nuu faehau arahina e Prince Pozharsky i hanga he whakatau ki te whiriwhiri i te kingi hou. February 7, 1613 i te pōtitanga tuatahi o te rangatira nui i Galich whakaarohia ke fakanofo 'tana tama Filaret, Mikhail Fedorovich. O nga kaitono katoa te autaatiraa i ia ko te tata ki te whānau Rurik. I roto i te pa maha i tonoa karere ki te kitea i roto i whakaaro o te iwi. February 21, i puritia 1613 pōtitanga whakamutunga. whakaritea e te iwi: "Te Ariki, Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov." Ki tenei whakatau, ki te Embassy tītere whakamōhio te pōtitanga o Mikhail Romanov mua. Maehe 14, 1613 karere, haere tahi e te ropu, ka haere mai ki te Ipatiev Monastery me rae mea patu nun Mata. whakaaro roa hopea mai ki te pūāwaitanga o, a whakaae Mihail Fedorovich Romanov ki hei kingi. 2 anake Haratua 1613 rite te tomokanga nui nehenehe ki Moscow kingi - ka, i rite ki te farii i te reira i roto i tona whakaaro, te whakapaipai, a te Kremlin. Hōngongoi 11 karaunatia i roto i te kingitanga o te arii hou - Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. I tū te hui nui i roto i te whakaaro Cathedral.

Ko te timatanga o te kingitanga o te Hiha

ka mau Mikhail Fedorovich nga whatumanawa haea, ngaro a mauriora ki te whenua. I roto i te mau taime fifi e hiahiatia ana te iwi tika He tangata mārō taua - te ohaoha, ahakoa, ngawari, atawhai, a ohaoha i te wa ano i runga i nga huru maitatai o te wairua. No miharo huaina te iwi ki a ia "ngawari." Ko te tuakiri o te kingi, i awhina ki te whakapakari i te kaha o nga Romanovs. Domestic Politika Mihaila Fedorovicha i te timatanga o tona kingitanga, i hāngai ana ki te whakaora i te raupapa i roto i te whenua. He mahi nui ko ki te whakakore i te kēnge o brigands vaipu'e nga wahi katoa. Ki te rangatira Cossack aroraa te whawhai tūturu, e ua hope i roto i te hopu o herehere, me te mahi o muri Ivan Zarutsky. raruraru whakapeka o nga peasants. I roto i 1613, te tohatoha o whenua tūmatanui e kua kawea i roto i.

whakatau rautaki nui - he rangaawatea ki Sweden

I hāngai Foreign Politika Mihaila Fedorovicha i te mutunga o te kāti whawhai ki Sweden me te whakamutunga o te whawhai ki Poland. I te 1617 ka whakapaipai ia kirimana Stolbovsky. Tenei tuhinga mana mutu te whawhai ki a Sweden, i roa hoki tau e toru. Na wehea whenua Novgorod i waenganui i te Empire Russian (hoki e ia te pa horo: Veliky Novgorod, Ladoga, Gdov, Porkhov, Staraya Russa ko Sumerskaya rohe) me te rangatiratanga o Sweden (ka ia Ivangorod, Koporje, Yam, Korela, Oreshek, Neva). Ano, i ki te utu i te moni nui o Sweden Moscow - 20 mano moni hiriwa. tapahia ao Stolbovsky atu te whenua i te Moana Baltic, engari mo Moscow faaoti tenei rangaawatea whakaaetia ki te haere tonu ratou whawhai ki Poland.

Ko te otinga o te whawhai Russian-Polish. Hoki o te Patereareha Filaret

roa whawhai Russian-Polish, ki rerekē angitu, mai i 1609. I roto i 1616 te ope hoariri, ahu e Władysław Vasa me hetman Yanom Hodkevichem, whakaekea rohe Russian, hiahia ki te turaki i te torona o Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. taea tae te reira i Mozhaisk anake, te wahi i whakatārewatia ai. Mai i 1618 ki te ope honoa e ia te ope o Ukrainian Cossacks Hetman P. Sahaidachny haere. ope Tahi te whakaekenga a ratou te Moscow, engari ko ia tutuki. rere ngā hōia Polish ka noho tata te Tokotoru-Herekiu Monastery. Ka rite ki te hua, whakaae nga taha e ki te whiriwhiri me te hainatia te kāti whawhai i roto i te kainga Deulina Hakihea 11, 1618, i mutu te whawhai Russian-Polish. i kino Ngā o te kirimana, engari whakaae te kāwanatanga Russian ki te manako ki a ratou i roto i te tikanga ki te mutu i te tapepe ā-me ki te hanga i te whenua. I raro i te kirimana, Russia lags muri Rzeczpospolita Roslavl, Dorogobuzh, Smolensk, Novgoro-Seversky, Chernigov, Serpeysk me era atu pa. Ano i roto i te mau a'oraa i whakaae ai ki te whakawhiti herehere. whakawhiti Hōngongoi 1, 1619 i runga i te awa Polyanovka i herehere, me te Filaret, te mutunga hoki papa o te kingi kāinga. Etahi wa i muri mai, ua faatoro'ahia ia patereareha.

Diarchy. Ko te whakatau whakaaro nui o rua rangatira o te whenua Russian

Te rangatiratanga Russian e whakapumautia pera-ka karanga mana rua. Fakataha ki tona papa, ka anga te patereareha Mikhail Fedorovich ki te faatere. Ia, kia rite ki te kingi ia, i homai te taitara o "rangatira nui". I roto i te 28 tau, ka moea e Mikhail Fedorovich Maria Vladimirovna Dolgoruky. Ko te tau i muri mai ka mate ia. te rua te wa, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich moea e Evdokii Lukyanovne Streshnevoy. I roto i nga tau o te faaipoiporaa whanau ia tekau tamariki. I roto i te whānui, kua hāngai Politika Mihaila Fedorovicha ko Filaret i te whakakotahitanga o ngā mana, te faaho'iraa mai o te ōhanga me te whakakiia i te taonga. I roto i te Pipiri 1619 ka whakaritea e te reira e ka te takoha whenua pahuatia e tangohia e kaitutei cadastres ranei. I whakaritea e te reira ki te kawe ano i te tatauranga taupori ki te whakatū i te rahi tangohia o hua tāke. I roto i te rohe kua oti tonoa karaipi, me te dozorschiki. I roto i te kingitanga o Mihaila Fedorovicha Romanova ki te whakapai ake i te pūnaha tāke whakahiato pukapuka karaipi hua rua. Mai 1620 i whakaritea i roto i te mara i te kawana, me nga kaumatua, ki te pupuri i kia.

whakaora i Moscow

I roto i te kingitanga o Mikhail Fedorovich āta whakahokia te whakapaipai me te era atu pa, huna i roto i te aue. I te 1624 i hanga ai teneti Stone me karaka a Tūrongo, i runga i te Spasskaya pourewa me tōna hanga Filaret. I roto i te tau hanga 1635-1636 i nohonga kohatu mo te kingi, me tona uri i roto i te wahi o te rakau tawhito. Kua hanga 15 hahi i runga i te rohe o te Nicholas ki te kuwaha Spassky. I tua atu ki te hangaia anō o nga pa i huna, e hāngai ana te kaupapa here Mihaila Fedorovicha Romanova i i faatîtîraa atu o nga peasants. I roto i te 1627, i hanga te ture e tukua nga rangatira ratou ea whenua (te kingi whakamahia i ki te mahi i tenei). I roto i te tua, he huinga o rima tutei peasants pahika, i roto i 1637 i whakaputa ki te 9 tau, a i te 1641-m - ki runga ki te 10 tau.

Te hanga i tētahi Tuhinga ope hou

He mahi nui o Mikhail Romanov ko te hanganga o te ope motu auau. I roto i te 30-doma. XVII rau i reira nga "whata o te pūnaha hou." I roto ia ratou i tito o boyars 'tamariki me te iwi free, me manene i whakaaetia mo te tūranga o rangatira. I roto i te tau 1642 ka timata te reira whakangungu ke iwi hōia rarangi. I tua atu, ka anga ratou ki te hanga i Reitarska hoia me Tuhinga dragoon eke hoiho. pōtitia hoki i hanga e rua Tuhinga Moscow, i i muri i huaina Lefortovo me Butyrsky (i kainga, i tū nei).

whanaketanga ahumahi

I tua atu ki te hanganga o te ope, tamata kingi Mihail Fedorovich Romanov ki te whakawhanake i toi rerekē i roto i te whenua. Ko te kāwanatanga i ki te karanga i runga i ngā kaiwhakanao ke (prospectors, kaiwhakatū, gunsmiths) i runga i ngā pai. I roto i Moscow, i whakaturia te whakataunga Tiamana, te wahi i noho ratou, ka mahi hei kaipūkaha, me te hōia ke. I te 1632 i hanga te tipu mō te maka ana otaota me pu tata Tula. Te whakawhanake me te ahumahi pueru: ruri wereweti whakatuwheratia i roto i Moscow. He i kawea i roto i take wereweti whakangungu. I roto i te Kadashevskaya whakarewahia Sloboda pueru ahumahi.

hei utu o te mutunga

mate Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov i te tau o 49 tau. A Hōngongoi 12, 1645. Ko te hua o ona mahi käwanatanga ko kāwanatanga marino, aue te heihei o, te whakatūnga o te kaha centralized, taonga, faateiteiraa, whakahokia te ōhanga, ahumahi me te hokohoko. I roto i te kingitanga o te Romanov tuatahi i mutu te whawhai ki a Sweden ko Poland, a i roto i te tua, takawaenga whanaunga ki te whenua o Europe Kua whakapumautia.