Ko te poma ngota o Hiroshima me Nagasaki: Take me faahopearaa

Ka whakanui te whai tau, tangata te huritau 70 epetoma o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, yavivshey maha tauira o te faito faito ore, ina ngaro haora mo te torutoru nga ra ranei ara i te mata o te whenua pa katoa, a patua rau o nga mano o te iwi, tae atu ki ngā civilians. Ko te tauira tino oraora ko te poma o Hiroshima me Nagasaki, ka karanga te tika matatika hoki nei ki pātai e tetahi tangata whaitake.

Japan i roto i nga wāhanga whakamutunga o te Pakanga II o te Ao

Ka rite ki matau koutou, tukua Nasí Germany i te po o Mei 9, 1945. Tenei te tikanga te mutunga o te pakanga i roto i Europe. Na hoki te meka e anake te hoariri o te whakakotahi anti-Fascist noho emepaea Japan, e i taua wa mana whakaaturia whawhai e pā ana ki 6 whenua tatini. Kua rite ki te hua o ngā pakanga toto i takoha ko ona ope ki te waiho Indonesia ko Indochina i Pipiri 1945. Otiia ka te aroaro o te United States, me ki Ingarangi me Haina tëtahi ki te whakahau Japanese, a kapea ana ia i runga i 26 Hōngongoi. I roto i tenei take, ara i te wa o te Conference Yalta, hanga te Soviet Union he fafauraa i roto i August ki timata i te ino nui-tauine ki Hapani, mo e, i ia te mutunga o te whawhai ki te kia whakawhitia ki te tonga Sakhalin me nga Motu Kuril.

whakamahi čtahi o patu ngota

Roa i mua i teie mau ohipa, i roto i te ngahuru o 1944 i te hui o te feia faatere o te USA me te UK mahi ki te taea o te whakamahi i poma sverhrazrushitelnyh hou ki a Hapani. I muri i taua, te Project Manhattan rongonui, whakarewahia he tau mua ka hāngai ana ki te hanga patu karihi, ka anga te reira ki te mahi ki te kaha whakahoutia, ka mahi i runga i te hanganga o ona tauira tuatahi i oti e te mutunga o mua i roto i Europe.

Hiroshima me Nagasaki: Okú poma

Ko te kupu, i te raumati o te tau 1945, ka te US te nona kapu o patu karihi i roto i te ao, a faaoti ki te whakamahi i tenei painga i roto i te tikanga ki te hoatu te pēhanga ki runga ki to koutou hoariri, me te koroheke i te hoa wa taua o anti-Hitler whakakotahitanga - te USSR.

I te wa ano, ahakoa te hinga, e kore i whati ngākau Japan. Mai te mau i te meka e nga rau o hoia o te Ope Imperial ra ka reira kamikase Kaiten ka urungi ratou manureva me Torpedo kaipuke, me te tahi atu ngā whāinga hōia te Army US. Tenei te tikanga e i roto i te mahi whenua i roto i te rohe o Hapani iho hōia ona hoa e mahara he mate nui. Ko take whakamutunga tenei ra tino maha hua e rangatira US rite te take whakatika te hiahia mō mehua pērā i te poma o Hiroshima me Nagasaki. ahu tatou ki te wareware e, i roto i nga kupu o Churchill, e toru wiki i mua i te amuiraa Potsdam , korero ki a ia Stalin e pā ana ki te nganatanga o te Japanese ki te whakatū i te kōrero rangimarie. Ko reira kitea e taua tauākī i ngā māngai o te whenua te haere ki te hanga i nga marite ko Ingarangi, rite te poma nui o pa nui kua hoatu ratou ahumahi hōia i runga i te pareparenga o te tiango, a hanga te Tuhinga mooni.

kōwhiringa o ngā taumata

I muri i te fariiraa i te whakaaetanga i roto i te parau tumu i runga i te whakamahi o patu ngota ki Hapani, i hanga e te komiti motuhake. I tū tōna hui tuarua i runga i Mei 10-11 ka i oti rawa ki te kōwhiringa o pa, i nga ki kia tupitahia. Ko te paearu matua e kua arahina te Kōmihana ko:

• aroaro obligatory o huri noa te ūnga hōia ahanoa haukāinga,;
• tona faufaa mo te iwi Japanese, e kore anake i te wāhi ōhanga, me te rautaki o te tirohanga, engari ano hoki i te hinengaro;
• he nui rawa o te hiranga o te ahanoa, te whakangaromanga o e pai meinga kōwarotanga i roto i te ao;
• te whāinga kore e kua pakaru e poma, i taea ki te mauruuru i te mana pono o te patu hou te hōia.

E pa whakaaro rite te ūnga

Ko te maha o "kaitono" ko:

• Kyoto, i te mea te pokapū ahumahi, me te ahurea nui me te whakapaipai tahito o Japan;
• Hiroshima hei tauranga hōia nui me te pa te wahi i hāngai te toa ope;
• Yokohama, e ko te pokapū o te ahumahi hōia;
• Kokura - te wāhi o te whare mata hōia nui rawa.

E ai ki nga pukapuka o te ora ngā kaiuru i roto i aua ngā, ahakoa ko te whakaaro tino pai ki Kyoto, tohe te United States Minita hōia G. Stimson i te whakarerenga o te pa i te rārangi, rite i fakafo'ituitui maheni ia ki ona mātanga, me kanohi ratou uara ki te ahurea ao.

Faahiahia, e kore tuatahi i breaded te poma o Hiroshima me Nagasaki. More ïa, rite te whāinga tuarua i whakaaro te pa o Kokura. Ka kitea tënei i te meka e mua ki August 9 i runga i Nagasaki i kawea i roto i te airstrike e meinga āwangawanga, ka akina atu e noho ki te whakatahi i te nuinga o ngā ākonga i roto i te kainga a tawhio noa. A iti i muri mai, ka rite ki te hua o kōrero roa i whiriwhiria ngā whāinga e manawapa, i roto i te take o ohorere. Ko ratou:

• mo te poma tuatahi, ki te kore e taea e ki te patua Hiroshima - Niigata;
• mo te tuarua (hei utu o Kokura) - Nagasaki.

whakangungu

Ko te poma ngota o Hiroshima me Nagasaki ui faaineineraa tupato. I roto i te hawhe tuarua o Mei ko Hune, i te turanga i runga i te motu o Tinian i hūnuku 509 th Composite Air Group US Air Force, na reira tango nga mehua haumaru makehe i. He marama i muri mai, i runga i Hōngongoi 26 i runga i te motu kawea te ngota poma "Boy Little" me 28 tau o te wāhanga mo te whakaminenga o "Fat tangata". I te ra ano Dzhordzh Marshall, e i taua wa tū te pou o tiamana o te Joint Rangatira o ngā kaimahi, hoatu tona hainatanga i raro i te ota hei whakahau kia whakatinana pū karihi i tetahi wa i muri i August 3, ka i reira he tikanga weather rawaka.

Ko te whakaeke ngota tuatahi i runga i Japan

e kore e taea te huaina te rā o te poma o Hiroshima me Nagasaki āta rite whakaeke karihi i runga i enei pa i mahia ki te rerekētanga o te 3 ra.

whakapangia te patu tuatahi i runga i Hiroshima. A tupu te reira Pipiri 6,-tau 1945. "Whakahonoretia" maturuturu te poma "Boy Little" haere ki te waka o te rererangi B-29, tapaina a te "Enola Gay", whakahau e Kānara Tibbets. A i mua i kaiurungi rere, whakaae e mahi mahi pai, me te mo ratou "feat" Ka kia aru e te mutunga ohorere o te whawhai, tae mai te hahi, a riro he oko ki te konurehu cyanide i te take o te taka ki te whakarau.

Fakataha ki te "Enola Gay" piki toru rererangi hāpaki i te rangi, hangaia ki te whakatau i ngā āhuatanga huarere me te heitiki 2 ki whakaahua me ngā pūrere mō te ako i te tawhā o te pahūtanga.

poma ia ka mau wahi tino kahore raruraru, mai kore te hōia Japanese i kite ahanoa e rere ana ki Hiroshima, me te rangi i neke atu i pai. Eaha tei tupu i muri e taea te kite i e te rīpene titiro "o te poma ngota o Hiroshima me Nagasaki" - he pakipūmeka huihui i ngā rerenga kōrero i hanga i roto i te-Kiwa i te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao.

I roto i ngā, i reira te whakaaturia he kapua mushroom, , rite ki Kapene Roberta Lyuisa, nei ko te mema o te waka o te "Enola Gay", i kitea nei e ara i muri rere ratou manureva i te pōma ira rere 400 maero.

Poma o Nagasaki

Tino rerekē haere te mahi ki te maturuturu te poma, "Fat te tangata", kawea atu ki runga ki te 9 o Ākuhata. I roto i te whānui, i te poma o Hiroshima me Nagasaki, whakaahua nei te marea e rōpū ki whakaahuatanga o te apocalypse mōhiotia, kua rite āta, me anake te mea e taea e hanga faatanoraa ki tona whakatinanatanga, ko te rangi. Ko tenei te mea i tupu, no te te ata wawe o August 9, te motu o Tinian rere te waka rererangi i raro i te whakahau a Meiha Charles Sweeney me te poma ngota, "Fat te tangata" i runga i te poari. I 8 haora me te 10 meneti o te poari ka haere ki te wahi i reira i ia ki te whakatau ki te tuarua - te B-29, engari kihai ia i kitea. I muri i 40 meneti o te tatari, i whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i te rererangi poma, kahore he hoa, engari tahuri te reira i roto i taua i te pa o Kokura kua 70% tukupu, -owned. Ano, ara i mua i mōhio o te kore wahie papu te rere, me i te wa ka i te poari ki runga Kokura, ka reira kitea e ki anake te ara tautuhi i te "Fat te tangata" - ki te mahi i reira i roto i te rere ki runga ki Nagasaki. Na ka haere a B-29 ki te pa, a hanga he tautuhi anō o te poma ngota, arahina e te taiwhanga rohe. Ko te kupu, i te tupono noa i ora Kokura, a mohio te ao katoa e reira ko te poma ngota o Hiroshima me Nagasaki. Aua'e, ki te, hinga atu he kupu taua i tika katoa i roto i tenei take i te poma i te whakaaro taketake, tino tawhiti atu i ngā wāhi noho, paku heke te takoha mate.

Ko te mau hopearaa o te poma o Hiroshima me Nagasaki

E ai ki a kanohi, i roto i te meneti torutoru te hunga katoa e he i roto i te pūtoro o 800 mita i te putake o te pahūtanga, mate. Na ka tīmata ahi, ai roto i Hiroshima ratou hohoro tahuri ki te puahiohio no o te hau, te tere o i ko e pā ana ki 50-60 km / haora.

Ko te poma karihi o Hiroshima me Nagasaki, ka te taata whakaurua ki te āhuatanga pērā i radiation mate. Ko te tuatahi ki te kite ia taote. miharo e te huru o te morehu tuatahi, ake ratou, a ka mate ratou i te mate, te tohu o i rite korere. I roto i nga ra tuatahi, me nga marama i muri i te mea kua kawea i roto i te poma o Hiroshima me Nagasaki, i taea e torutoru kua tohu e te hunga e noho ana i roto i taua mea, ka hei toku ora katoa ki te mamae i tini o nga mate, a tae noa ki te hoatu whanau ki ngā tamariki ora o.

takahanga muri

August 9, i muri tonu i te rongo o te poma o Nagasaki me te whakapuakanga o te whawhai i te Soviet Union, korero Emperor Hirohito i manakohia o te tukunga tonu, ngā e te whenua o tona kaha. Otiia i muri i 5 ra korerotia nga pāpāho Japanese tona tauākī i runga i te mutunga o whawhai i roto i te reo Ingarihi. Ano, i roto i te kuputuhi o tana kingi whakahuatia e tetahi o nga take mo tona whakatau ko te aroaro o te hoariri "patu whakamataku", te whakamahi o nei i taea e arahi ki te whakangaromanga o te iwi.