Ko te tuawha haurongo US te peresideni James Madison, whakaaro tōrangapū

I roto i te hītori US, i reira i tokomaha peresideni nei i te mana nui i runga i te whanaketanga o te whenua i runga i te tekau tau i muri mai. He tauira pai - Dzheyms Medison. Ko ia te rangatira wha o te United States.

mōhiohio haurongo Basic

Fanauhia i roto i te 1751, ka mate ia i roto i 1836. Ko rongonui i roto i te United States tonu peresideni wha no ko ia tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o te Ture o te State. Kei te whakapono te reira e puta ia te marama i roto i te pa o Port Conway (Virginia). A i runga i Maehe 16 1751. Mātauranga Dzheyms Medison tuatahi riro tūmataiti (rite tokomaha i roto i tona wa). I te tau 1769, ia ngāwari mai ki University Princeton.

I te wa i huaina tenei kura ko te College o New Jersey. College tu'ite - 1771. I te wa ano riro ia he mema o te Whig Aparauraa Club, e predetermines tona mahi tōrangapū heke mai me ngā whakapono. Ki te te tata tīmata tana hītori o te United States i te wahanga, kua mahi mai Madison te rota ki te waihanga hanganga mana tonu-ngā, me te mātanga.

Ko te timatanga o tona mahi tōrangapū

Hoki te wā tuatahi ngā te US peresideni heke mai te aro o te tahae i roto i te 1775. I whakaritea ano e ia tiamana o te Komiti Revolutionary o Haumaru i roto i te County Orange. I te wa ano, ka pai mohio rite te kaituhi o te momo o pānui whakamārama me whaikōrero, i roto i nei ia kaha hei whakatau he te kāwanatanga o Ingarangi Madison.

Ehara i te mea maere i whakaritea e ia tiamana o te Komiti Revolutionary o Virginia i 1776. Ko ia te tangata e faaineine te taumira tauira i runga i te tika, me te mahi i te rota i roto i te whakahaere o te kaimahi whakahaere. Na roto i te ara i te korero, Kei te mohiotia te tino pai Dzheyms Medison i roto i porowhita hahi rite tenei tangata tohe i runga i te wehenga tino o te mana te hahi me te kāwanatanga mua, a ka - te āhua.

Ano i hanga e ia te kāwanatanga tuatahi o Virginia, a ko te mema rangatira o te whakaminenga tuatahi. Otiia, no te te wā tuarua e kore ia i pōtitia, engari i roto i 1777 te peresideni heke mai, ko te wahi o Kaunihera te Kawana o. Ko te Dzheyms atu nui Medison? Manapori i roto i tona mata riro he ahua tōrangapū, nui nei i hoki te hanganga o te pūnaha ā-tōrangapū vai i roto i te puka e matau ana tatou i tenei ra.

continental Congress

Just toru nga tau i muri mai pōtitia te Māngai Permanent o te kāwanatanga kāinga o te Continental Congress. I roto i te wā i 1780 ki te 1783 tau, ko te mema kaha rawa, kua mahi he rota mo te katoa o te whakahaere. Ko Dzheyms Medison ko ia te kaituhi o maha whakatikatika, i hoatu Congress te mana ki te kohikohi takoha i āhua katoa, ka rite ki te pai kia rite ki te tohatoha o moni i runga i te nama motu ki runga ki a ratou, kia rite ki te maha o nga tangata. I tua atu, kaha taunaki Hemi haere noa ki tonu o whakatere i runga i te awa Mississippi.

Ētahi atu whakatutukitanga tōrangapū

Hoki enei whakatutukitanga i pōtitia ia hei tiamana mō o te Chamber o mua puta noa i Virginia. I roto i te 1786 whiwhi ia i te ture i runga i haere noa ki tonu o te karakia, me kua tutuki motuhake tonu o te hahi me te kāwanatanga. E kore kua te whakamutunga tāpiri Madison pā, engari tino haaparuparu mana Ingarangi i roto i te āhua taitamariki.

I roto i te taua tau riro ia i te "te kohine nei" o te Ture Congress i Philadelphia, a haere ana i reira kia rite ki te māngai o ratou ahua. Te nuinga e tika ana ki te mahi o Madison i hanga a whakamanatia te US Ture i roto i 1787, rite Ameliká mahara nga tau.

ngā mahi kaupapa ture

Mai ko Madison tangata rawa marino, me te māia, i taea ki te riro hohoro te faatura me whakawhirinaki o ngā mema maha ia. takaro e ia te tūranga o te takawaenga i waenganui i nga conservatives me tautoko o te kāwanatanga hānga ana hou, e taea e hanga kaha te whenua. Ko te Chamber o mua kotahi tūtohutia i roto i Virginia Hemi pāremata confederal, engari no te mea i roto i nga tau 1787-88 mahi ia i roto i New York. tuhituhi e ia he raupapa o ngā pepa, i karanga a hoki te hanganga o te kaupapa ture hou.

Ko te kupu, whakapumautia te US Constitution i 1787 ki te whai wāhi tika o te tangata mahara, me te hihiri nei mohio pehea ki te whiriwhiri me te "pahaki" ana whakaaro ake noa i roto i te taiao e kore e manakohia e ratou.

whakaaro rerekē i runga i te pūnaha o te kāwanatanga

enei rauemi katoa, hainatia e te pseudonym "Pupiriu," i whakaputaina i roto i te buka tei piihia "Te Federalist", whakaputaina i mua noa i te tukanga o te whakaritenga o te Ture. I teie mahana, mohiotia tenei putanga ko rite te "Dzheyms Medison, ngā kōrero Federalist." Ko roto i tenei mahi o Madison mo te wa tuatahi ki te hanga i te mau marôraa mana'o e e whakaaro nei ki te hei i te turanga o te pluralism hou.

Ano, paruru te peresideni heke mai te puka Republican o te kāwanatanga, tautohetohe e e waihanga he kaha taua te āhua nui, me te hihiri whakawhanake. Ka taea e tatou te mea e tenei tangata ko timata te US he kōrero e whakaako i tenei ra i roto i ngā kura American. Ki te ko te reira ki runga ki Madison, kaua, e kore te āhua motuhake, me te hapori o tahae, takoha ana mahi ki te tatau ki te kuao whenua atu kaitākaro i roto i te ao ao (tae atu i te UK).

Ko te ara ki te peresideniraa

I roto i te 1788, i pōtitia Madison ki te Komiti mō te whakatūturutanga e Virginia. Ana kaitautoko mahino e wawe me te whenua, he tangata taua: whakangawari me vilitakí o te peresideni heke mai i hiahiatia wawe ki whakamana te kaupapa ture. He kounga nui o Madison i te kaha ki te whiriwhiri. i taea e ki te riria ara nga hoariri tino te kahui ka o te kāwanatanga ture kua tutuki e te whakaurunga i roto i te tuhinga tekau-ira, mohiotia inaianei rite ia te Pire o Tika.

Te taha ki Jefferson, hanga ana e ia te tuatahi Party Republican, te whakatutuki i te tūranga o te kimi huarahi pato'iraa. Jefferson, ko wai hohoro riro palesiteni, e kore e wareware e pā ana ki te tūranga o Madison. wehea ana e ia tona hoa o te State Hekeretari, he pou i pau ia i roto i te wā i 1801 ki te 1809. e kore e hītori ruarua e Hemi, me i tenei wa i te pānga nui i runga i te whanaketanga o te whenua, mai i te tonu runanga Jefferson ki a ia.

Ko te kupu, ka awhina Dzheyms Medison te whakaaro o te hanganga o te puka US o te kāwanatanga i huaina käwanatanga hou kaupapa ture.

riro ia peresideni?

I pōtitia ia peresideni US i 1808. I mua ki tenei, i roto i te Rōpū Republican i tū i te ahua o "whakataetae", hangaia ki te āwhina i te haereraa i mua o te kaitono tino whaihua. Ho'i, i kore hanga Madison he kupu pōtitanga-i mua, me ona whakatairanga i kaitautoko i roto i te rōpū. Ka rite ki i roto i te maha ngā take, i taea ki te whiriwhiri ki te tahi mau hoariri o tona kōharinga Hemi, hanga Vice te peresideni George Clinton-tau 60-tau.

I meatia tenei anake rite te takoha, no te mea ki te fakahoko honau ngaahi fatongia tika te tangata, ko te pae tino e kore i taea. Kua i roto i 1812, kua whakakapia reira e Elbridge Gerry, e whakakitea ia rite tumuaki-peresideni rite te ngaio mātau.

Ko te kaiaka matua o te peresideni hou

I roto i te 1808, i nga Ameliká tetahi kaupapa o te kōrero - korero e pā ana ki te kino e faatupu te reira i te rāhui hokohoko i 1807, riro e te United Basileia me ona āmiorangi. Hinga koi hoko smuggled maha taonga i aha te tino heke ratou utu. E hiahiatia Shipowners wawe ki tīmata anō te transportation, mai e te kore te pūnaha ikiiki katoa kua maroke i roto i te akoranga o o tau anake te tokorua. Dzheyms Medison (kaupapa here ä-roto o tona tautaha rerekē) kua mahi nui ki te whakaiti i te kino mā te whakawhanake hokohoko kāinga, me te āta whakatutuki i te rāhui.

I roto i te ara maha, okioki hōtaka o te kāwanatanga o Madison i runga i te "kāwanatanga ōhanga" pera-ka karanga. I roto i ngā, i whakapono ia e i roto i te take o te pakanga hōia taea o te kaupapa ture e kore e pokanoa ki te mahi motuhake o te kāwanatanga, engari ki runga ki te huru e kore ratou mahi e kino i te pokapū whanau he kāwanatanga hānga ana. Ko Tino faahiahia te huru o Madison ki nga Initia, nei I mamae ia, ka whakaekea ki te whakarato āwhina, tae atu utu moni! Hoki taua wa reira tino ko te pakaruhanga, engari te whakaae o te rōpū nuinga, e kore te tenei whakaaro riro.

Ko te aronga i runga i ahuwhenua me te production ahumahi

Madison Jefferson ngā tino whakapono e pā ana ki te uara teitei o te ahuwhenua, engari whakaae ano hoki e kore e waiho e taea roha atu, me te whakapakari o te United States, kahore te turanga kaha ahumahi. Ara āhuatanga te whanaketanga o te te ahuwhenua me te ahumahi production e tata katoa tona wa i roto i te tari.

I arahina ki te whawhai ki a Ingarangi?

e kore e haere tonu te hiahia ki te whakaae ki tenei mo te painga o te peresideni. Ko te kupu, hanga he kāwanatanga hou, i te nuinga herea ia e ona kirimana, a reira i roto i tenei tinana nuinga tomo kaiwhakahaere kāre. Ko te okotahi pea e Albert Gallatin, te toenga o te hanganga tawhito o te kāwanatanga. i taea ki te tiki ara te Tari State Robert Smith o Maryland, i roto i 1811 e hiahiatia wawe ki te whakakapi James Monroe tika ki te whakaoti i kore, me pea tupu.

Otiia Dzheyms Medison (whakaaro tōrangapū whakaaturia e rerekē ahopae) kua ki kia tino hihiri, me te rangatira whakatakotoria. Ko ia te tangata e i roto i 1810 ua faaite nuitia te roha o Te Hau-ā-uru Florida, e i mua no ki te karauna Spanish. Taimi nounou mei ai, ka mau te hunga tutu rohe Spanish, koirā ka karangatia te whakatūnga o te Republic. Kua i roto i 1811 kauwhautia te peresideni e te mea he take ki Te Tai Rāwhiti Florida te United States. I roto i te mutunga, whakahaere ki te whiriwhiri ki te Spaniards ... otiia e kore e ki te Ingarangi, e i roto i nga ara pokanoa ki tenei tukanga. No te mea o ratou pakeke timata te whawhai.

Otiia i te wa ano i kaha ātete ki te whanaketanga taua te peresideni. Dzheyms Medison, e faahiti whakaako tenei ra i roto i ngā kura American, i runga i tenei take ka mea te e whai ake nei: "O nga hoariri katoa o te haere noa tūmatanui, kia waiho ai atu wehi o te whawhai, no te mea kei roto te reira i te tupuranga me te puawai o te toenga katoa." Heoi, tonu i ki te whawhai.

Ko te pakarutanga o te pakanga

I roto i te waenganui-1812, kei te whiwhi i te kupu o te kaupapa here ke te minita o Ingarihi i roto i te United States e kore e haere ki tona whenua e ki e tareka e whakakore i te rāhui hokohoko. I roto i te parau tumu, e kore ko te taua e wātea ana, ko Napoleon, engari whawhai hoki i taea e Ameliká whakaatu ki mana e rua Pākehā. Ko riro tonu tupato.

Mai i mārama atu i haere mai te riri o Ingarangi, me te whawhai ki runga ki e rua akina, e kia mārama unu te āhua taitamariki. I roto i te tīmatanga o te raumati, Dzheyms Medison (nei haurongo kua matou i kite poto) ta Pāremata, ka whai i te reira ki te whakapuaki whawhai i runga i Britain, e ... fakamanamanai te kotahitanga me te oraraa rawa o te iwi American. I mohio te reira e te ärai o oko American, kāhaki me te kohuru o tangata US, me te te whakatara ana o iwi Indian he hara i raro ki te whakatau he ao. Ahakoa te whakatamarikitanga o te whakapuakanga o te whawhai i homai te whakatau e kore e mea ohie.

I tū wātū Congress muri tatau kati, kairīpoata me kihai i kaipūrongo whakaaetia, rite ko take kōrero nui rawa. I roto i te te mau melo o te Pāremata me te kāwanatanga i maha hoariri o te whawhai e korero e pā ana ki te "kore o moni, hoia ngaio, takoha whawhai." Ahakoa tenei, i te mutunga o Pipiri 1812 te peresideni o Madison mana ta te timatanga o whawhai ki a Great Britain.

he rangaawatea rahua

Oddly nui, ua faaite hohoro te Ingarangi te whakatārewatanga o hokohoko o te pā, i muri i nei kua whakaarohia te kāwanatanga US ki te whakauru i te rangaawatea. Madison ia ui noa'tu mutu whawhai i moana, kia tāwhitia nga heramana, me te aukati i te pahua o nga pa takutai. Otiia i te mutunga o 1812, te Basileia United, kua paopao enei tikanga katoa, ka tonu te whawhai.

i tino pai ki te whawhai haere tonu āhua Central. Na no te mea i roto i te hotoke o re-pōtitanga te Komihana o i hanga Madison te taua tau. Otiia kihai i taea tenei, ahakoa o nga āhua pokapū o te peresideni kihai i hoatu i te pōti kotahi. I roto i te tau 1814, i muri i nga tau e rua o te whawhai, kua tupuheke ake te tūranga o te Ameliká, pera i roto i Europe, tukua Napoleon. i taea e ki te whakawhiti i te wehenga tukua, ka i tahuna te kingitanga me White House ki te whenua, me te Madison me te kāwanatanga hohoro rere nga Ingarangi.

Te tūranga, Heoi, hohoro te whakahaere ki te tika i roto i, a ka hainatia he tiriti te rongo i roto i 1815. I maoro rihaina te peresideni, engari e te reira he wahi kaha i roto i te hanga i te whenua taitamariki. He aha atu mohiotia te Dzheyms Medison? Politics e mohio ana wā o mua ki a ia kia rite ki te ahua tūmatanui, i haere he ture i runga i te utu whaiaro faaotiraa-o te Negro me te tika o te hokinga mai o te hunga katoa e hiahia ana ki Africa. Ko āhuatanga: i reira i taua wae.