Ko te tūnga matawhenua o te Siberia Western. Ko te ōhanga o Western Siberia

Western Siberia - he rohe nui matawhenua, e hora i te Moana Kara ki te steppes o katatānga. Tenei rohe ko te 60% hipokina ngahere me ngā repo, a ka faikehekehe pūmanawa rauemi kohuke taonga. He aha e nga āhuatanga matua o te wāhi matawhenua o Western Siberia? He aha kohuke e keri? Na te wahi o te rohe i roto i te pūnaha ōhanga-Russian katoa?

Siberia Western: te tūranga matawhenua o te rohe

Western Siberia - te rohe nui i te wāhi i rite nei ki nga whenua pērā i Argentina ko India. Ko reira i roto i te āhua e rua (Russia me Kazakhstan). āhuatanga te tūnga matawhenua o te Siberia Western e rave rahi ngā āhuatanga ahurei. He aha te mea te reira?

tūnga matawhenua o Western Siberia whakaahua ana te wāhi o te rohe ki te whakapai kanohi ki momo tonotono o te tauturu, awa nui, moana, ngā moana, ngā wāhi tūturu, a na i runga i. N. totoro te rohe i te raki ki te tonga tata 2,500 kiromita. Mai i te rawhiti ki te hauauru rerekē tona roa i 1000 km te raki ki te tonga 2000 km.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te rohe o te rohe, ka kia taua te tūranga matawhenua o te Siberia Western: i roto i te raki o te rohe e haere ki nga takutai o te Moana Kara, a ki runga ki nga matapuna tonga o te iti pukepuke Kazakh. Ko te rere hauauru rohe me nga Mountains Ural, me te rawhiti - i runga i te awa Yenisei. Ki te tonga-rawhiti o Western Siberia āta ara ake ata ki te raorao o te Altai me Kuznetsk Alatau.

Ko te atu moni i roto i Western Siberia? āhuatanga te tūnga matawhenua o te rohe e te meka e takoto reira tata katoa i roto i te Pāoa Te Hau-ā-uru Siberian mania. Ko te reira i te ao mania nui rawa, noho he wāhi o tata 2.6 miriona mita pūrua. km.

I roto i tona rohe o Western Siberia noho e pā ana ki 15% o te rohe o Russia. Ko reira te kāinga ki neke atu i te 10% o te taupori o Russia (14.6 miriona te iwi). hāngai ana te taupori kei te nuinga i roto i te wahi tonga o tenei rohe. I roto i te Siberia Western e 11 ngā kaupapa o te Russian Federation, Te Tai Tokerau-katatānga oblast (katoa) me ngā wāhanga o etahi atu rohe o katatānga. Ko te pa nui rawa i roto i te rohe: Omsk, Novosibirsk, Tyumen, Barnaul, Kostanay ko Nizhnevartovsk.

Siberia Western: he tirohanga whānui poto o te tinana, me te matawhenua

takoto te rohe i roto i te rohe o te āhuarangi continental, kua wehea nei ki iti-wāhi e rima o te Tundra i roto i te raki ki te koraha i roto i te tonga. I roto i te hotoke e taea te pāmahana rangi tae -30 ... -40 nekehanga, i roto i te raumati ngā ratou i +10 ki +20. I roto i te marama mahana Vasyuganskoye repo mahi rite te whāhauhau rangi nui, te meangiti pānga e hipokina tata katoa o Western Siberia.

awa katoa i roto i te rohe hopoia kawe ratou wai i roto i te Moana Kara. Pūkete ki te Irtysh - ko te pūnaha awa matua o Western Siberia tenei. Ētahi atu awa nui - Puri, Tom, Tobol, Chulym, taz, Biya, Nadym. I roto i te ngahere Siberian Te Hau-ā-uru tupu 40 ngā momo o rakau, me te 230 ngā momo o rakau iti. Ko te tino taonga hoki mata Fauna: e pā ana ki 100 ngā momo o kararehe, 350 ngā momo o manu, me te 60 ngā momo o te ika a Ihakara.

tiakina te āhua ahurei o Western Siberia i roto i te maha o rahui. Ko te matamua o ratou, Yugansky, i whakapumautia i roto i 1982. He tiakina momo tata wharengaro o kararehe - te ekara koura, ekara ma-tailed, taaka pango me ētahi atu.

Āhuatanga o te tanga o Western Siberia

Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, te nuinga o te rohe matawhenua takoto i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru Siberian mania, i te mea maitai kitea i runga i te mahere tinana. Kei te ia "ropu" i waenganui i nga maunga Ural me te Central Siberian Plateau. Kei te conventionally wehea mania kia rua nga wahi, nga tupuke Siberian - pukepuke ki altitudes o 200-300 mita.

takoto ana te hanganga katoa i runga i te orographic pereti ingoa ano ki te turanga o Paleozoic tau. I te tihi o tenei turanga taupokina te putunga matotoru o te wā Mesozoic, Paleogene ko Quaternary. Ko te katoa matotoru o enei paparanga he 6 kiromita! Te Hau-ā-uru-Siberian pereti tito te nuinga shales, uku, one me sandstones.

E kore te mea tino te mata o Western Siberia rerekē huringa tairanga. Otiia, ko te tino kanorau te awhina o te rohe. Here, i reira e ano wāhi o mania me waimaori, me te pukepuke ki te utu iti.

ngā wāhi Natural o Western Siberia

I roto i te rohe mārama kitea taiao latitudinal. miramira konei ngā wāhi tūturu e rima, i nga rohe o e manuïa ia atu ki te tika maere:

• Tundra.
• Tundra.
• Taiga.
• Ko te ngahere-steppe.
• Koraha.

Tundra Treeless ki Kiwa me Aropi ni'ai te kikorangi raki o te uru Siberia (kūrae Gydansky me Yamal). Ki te tonga e whakakapi i te reira na roto i te Tundra, e fakatahai whakaaro mosaic repo, taekai me ngahere.

rohe ngahere (ranei Boreal) - he tata rohe 1,000-kiromita i waenganui i te 55 me te nekehanga 66th ahopae raki. He whenua angamaheni o tenei rohe - ngahere coniferous pouri ki te predominance o kauri, puruhi, me te hita. I roto i te tahi mau wahi i reira he rimu, me te birch me ngahere Aspen.

Tonga o te taiga ngahere-steppe tīmata. Here, tona āhuatanga motuhake ko te maha nui o ngā roto saline kati. I tua atu ki te tonga, whakakapia tenei wāhi tūturu e te koraha. I tua atu ki te otaota matarohia, i reira he ngahere paina whitiki. i hanga e ratou i roto i hōruarua engaenga kōpaka onamata.

Natural rauemi me ngā kohuke i roto i te rohe

He tino kanorau nga rauemi tūturu o tenei rohe. homai Western Siberia i runga i 70% o te hinu Russian, me te e pā ana ki te 10% - rakau. Tenei ko te hinu, me te hau matatini kaha tino i roto i te whenua.

Haunga te hinu me te kapuni i roto i Western Siberia i rāhui nui o waro, Peat, me tai ona. Heoi, ki te rangatira nga rauemi kohuke o te rohe, ko te tino uaua. I muri i te katoa, Mother Nature reliably tiaki te mara rohe i te tikanga o te oneone tio me repo mokemoke. Winter mahi i konei te ārai huka me te hau, i roto i te raumati - pokai o te waeroa toto.

Ko tētahi atu taonga nui, me te tata mimiti o Western Siberia - ko tona wai. I tua atu ki te roto wai maha, me te awa i roto i te rohe e kitea rāhui nui o manawa whenua. Lake Siberia kua roa tukua te ika tangata, me ngahere - te huruhuru me te rakau.

tūnga Economic me matawhenua o te rohe

Kei te whakaritea te nuinga te tūranga matawhenua o te Western Siberia (EGP) na, i runga i te ringa kotahi, te kukū mōrahi o putunga kai o auraa ao, a ki runga ki te tahi atu - tatanga whanaunga ki nga wahi o te kohi o ngā rauemi wahie. Ko reira konei e hanga e nui-tauine rerenga utanga o te hinu, me te hau production, whakahaua te nuinga ki te hauauru.

Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga pai o te āhuatanga ōhanga me te matawhenua o Western Siberia ko te tūranga transportation pai i roto i te rohe. Pipelines hohoro a ngā ārahi whakaorangia hinu Siberian me te hau i roto i nga Kihi, Eastern me Western Europe. I roto i te hauauru, nga rohe rohe i runga i te whanaketanga ahumahi o te rohe Ural me i te tonga e whai wāhi ki te rohe āhua o katatānga, Mongolia ko China.

Ka taea te huaina e rua anake huru kino EGP Western Siberia:

1. tikanga Extreme makariri, e tino faingataa me hanga utu nui o ngā rauemi pūngao rohe.
2. He roa nui o te rohe ki a katatānga, i roto i ngā wāhi maha e kore e rite rawa.

Āhuatanga o te ōhanga o Western Siberia

I roto i tenei wahi o te whenua tu i roto i rohe ōhanga Siberian Te Hau-ā-uru. Ko tōna rohe tikanga pakeke hāngai ki te rohe tūturu o te rohe matawhenua whakaaro.

Ko te ōhanga o Western Siberia hāngai i runga i te hinu, me te hau production, ngahere me ngā ahumahi matū, me te te matatini agro-ahumahi ki te predominance o te pāmu witi. Otiia matua i roto i te Western Siberia - ko reira he turanga hinu nui o te whenua. I roto i Omsk, kua reira tetahi o nga refineries pai i roto i Russia. Hōhonu o tukatuka o "koura mangu" he rite tiketike rite 80%. ka tukatuka hoki te pūngao hua i roto i te rohe i roto i Roho.

I roto i Siberia Western, kua riro te whanaketanga me te engineering. Ko te pokapū nui o tenei ahumahi kukū i Omsk, Novosibirsk Region ko Altai Territory. Ko te rohe hua te raraa e, pūngao me te taputapu waro, nga kohua i korohū, engines diesel me waka utanga.

mutunga

Na e matau ana koutou te mea ngā āhuatanga wāhi matawhenua rerekē o Western Siberia. rohe Natural o tenei rohe ko te maunga Ural (i roto i te uru), te awa Yenisei (rawhiti) rohe o te Moana Kara (ki te raki) me nga pukenga wai o Kazakh Upland (i roto i te tonga).

āhuatanga Economic me matawhenua o Western Siberia i whānui pai nui, ahakoa te mea etahi o ona paruparu.