Ko te whakarewa tino kaha - ko te aha?

A, no te rongo te iwi ki te kupu "whakarewa", ka te nuinga o te reira e pā ana ki matao, me te totoka, electrically conductive. Heoi, konganuku me o ratou alloys taea e tino rerekē i roto a ratou ano. He ko te hunga e no ki te rōpū o taimaha, enei matū i te kiato rawa. Etahi, hei tauira, lithium, kia ngāwari, e taea te kauhoe i roto i te wai, ki te kahore noa i ngā ki reira i roto i te whakautu whai hua.

I konganuku e mātātoa te nuinga o te katoa?

Ko te aha whakarewa whakaatu te āhuatanga tino kaha? Ko te whakarewa tino kaha - he caesium. E ai ki te mahi o te whakarewa katoa mau te reira i te wahi tuatahi. Ka rite ki tona "teina" e whakaaro ki te hei France, e kei i te wahi tuarua, a ununennium. Otiia i runga i nga āhuatanga o nga pūtaiao whakamutunga tonu mohio iti.

Ko te āhuatanga o te caesium

Caesium - he huānga e, rite te gallium whakarewa, e mea ohie ki te ngohe i roto i o ratou ringa. Ki te mahi i tenei, Heoi, he taea anake i runga i te huru e te mea he caesium i roto i te ampoule whakaata. Kore, ka taea e te whakarewa tere tauhohe ki te rangi ambient - whakakā. He pāhekoheko caesium ki te wai tahi e te pahūtanga - he i roto i tona faaiteraa whakarewa tino kaha tenei. Ko te kupu whakahoki ki te pātai o te aha e mea uaua ki te hoatu ki ngā o caesium tenei.

Hei hoatu i te reira i roto i te hiahia nga ngongo ki i hanga ai o te karaihe motuhake, me te ki tonu i te hauhauā hauwai ranei. Caesium ira whakakoero o 28.7 ° ^C. I te pāmahana rūma, ko te whakarewa i roto i te āhua āhua-wai. Caesium Ko te taonga tae ma koura. Ko te whakarewa wai ko te whakaata pai o te marama. kohu caesium he hue puwhero-puru.

I roto i te mea ara i whakatuwheratia caesium?

Ko te whakarewa tino kaha ko huānga matū tuatahi, ko tona aroaro i kitea te whakamahi i te tikanga o te tātari spectral o te kirinuku mata. A, no te ka pūtaiao tūāwhiorangi o te whakarewa i roto i reira, ka kite ratou e rua ngā rārangi o te tae rangi-puru. Ko te kupu i te ingoa reira tenei huānga. kupu Caesius whakamaoritia i Latin tikanga "puru rangi".

History o whakahura

puritia tona waha e German kairangahau Robert muratahi me Kirchhoff. Ahakoa Na, kua miharo kaipūtaiao aha konganuku kaha, me aha - e kore. I roto i te tau 1860, ako kairangahau te hanganga o te wai i te awa ki Dyurkgeymskogo. i ratou i te reira ki te awhina o tātari spectral. kitea nga pūtaiao tauira wai huānga pērā i strontium, konupora, lithium, konupūmā.

Na ka whakaritea e ratou ki te tātari i te taka o te wai ki te awhina o te wete hihi. Na ka kite ratou e rua ngā rārangi puru kanapa e te hunga tata ki tahi i te tahi. Ko tētahi o ratou i roto i to ratou tūranga tata hāngai ki te aho o te strontium whakarewa. faaoti te aivanaa e te tāututanga o te taonga he mōhiotia ka kawea ia ki te rōpū o te konganuku alkali.

I roto i te taua tau tuhituhi muratahi te pukapuka ki tona hoa, Mr. Roscoe photochemists, i korerotia o te kitea. Mana korerotia e pā ana ki caesium i May 10, 1860 i te hui o nga kaiputaiao o te Berlin Academy. E ono marama i muri mai, i taea ki te whakarato e pā ana ki te 50 karamu o caesium hloroplatinita muratahi. Kua tukatuka Scientists 300 taranata o te wai kohuke, me te tohaina e pā ana ki te 1 kg o pūhaumāota konukōhatu rite te byproduct, ki te pae hopea whiwhi te whakarewa tino kaha. Tenei kōrero e iti rawa te caesium i roto i nga wai te mineral i roto.

Ko te uaua o te whiwhi caesium tonu pana pūtaiao ki te rapu kohuke kei roto i te reira, tetahi o te mea pollucite. Ko te tangohanga o caesium i te ore he tonu i oti i roto i te taviniraa caesium hohoro toreretanga. Tenei hanga reira tetahi o te uaua tino o ngā rauemi i roto i te metallurgy. kirinuku o te whenua, mo te tauira, kei 3.7 karamu o caesium ia ton. A i roto i te kotahi rita o vairaa pape micrograms 0.5 anake matū tohu te whakarewa tino kaha. arata'i tenei ki te meka e te tangohanga o te caesium ko tetahi o te tukanga nuinga mahi-kaha.

Whiwhi i roto i Russia

Ka rite ki tohua, te tino kohuke i te mea pollucite te caesium. Na hoki kia rite te whakarewa tino kaha i te avogadrita onge. I roto i te ahumahi te whakamahia reira pollucite. e kore Extraction o reira i muri i horo te Soviet Union i Russia i kawea ki waho, ahakoa te meka e kua kitea noa i roto i aua wa rahui nui o caesium i Tundra Crow tata Murmansk.

E te wa ka i taea e tona ringa tangohanga o caesium te ahumahi kāinga, i riro te raihana mo te whanaketanga o te mara i Canada. Na hua te tango caesium Novosibirsk CJSC "Rare Metals Plant".

Ko te whakamahi o te caesium

Kei te whakamahia i tēnei whakarewa mō te hokohoko i ngā photocells. Na kei te whakamahia pūhui caesium i roto i mara motuhake o tuku kōrero - i roto i te hanga o te taputapu pōkākā, karu kite po. whakamahia caesium te i roto i te hanga o hira raiwhara, e tukua ana ki te mau taputapu me te hōpuni o te hoariri. ламп. Kei te whakamahia hoki reira mo te hanga o rama whakarewa kōnakonako motuhake.

Otiia e kore e tenei ruha te whānuitanga o tona tono. Kua caesium kua hanga he maha o rongoā. Tenei rongoa ki te hamani diphtheria, mate whewhe keté, me puranga tuakoi. Ka rite ki tai lithium, tai caesium whai āhuatanga normotimicheskoe - ranei, noa, taea o aueue papamuri aronganui.

francium whakarewa

Tetahi o nga konganuku ki te āhuatanga kaha he francium. ka te reira i tona ingoa i roto i te kororia o te whakarewa kāinga Kaikitetuatahi. Kua whakatuwheratia M. Pere, i whanau nei i roto i te France, he huānga matū hou i roto i 1939. Ko ia tetahi o aua āhuatanga, e nga Utaina kairangahau noa ratou kitea reira uaua ki te utu i tetahi whakatau.

Francium Ko te whakarewa taimaha. I te wa ano, me te whakarewa tino kaha - ko France tenei, me ki caesium. Tenei huinga onge - mahi matū tiketike, me te ātete iti, me te roaa francium karihi. Tona tino roa-ora kanoirite hawhe-ora o 22 anake meneti. whakamahia Francium ki te kitea atu huānga - actinium. Na mua whakaarohia tote France kia whakamahia ki te kitea pukupuku matepukupuku. Heoi, e tika ana ki te uara nui o tenei hanga tote he pai.

Whakatauritenga o nga konganuku tino kaha

Ununennium - e kore te ano kitea whakarewa. ka noho te reira i te wahi tuatahi i roto i te rarangi waru o te pūnaha wā. E tū whanaketanga me te rangahau o tenei huānga i roto i Russia i te Joint Institute mo Nuclear Rangahau. Ka whai hoki te whakarewa ki te tango i te mahi nui rawa. Ki te whakarite tatou i te caesium mohiotia me francium, ka te pūmanawa ionization teitei - 380 kJ / mol - ka whai francium.

I tenei tere o caesium ko 375 kJ / mol. Otiia e kore e tonu urupare reira francium rite hohoro rite caesium. Ko te kupu, caesium - te konganuku tino kaha. Ko te - whakautu (matū maha ko e tumu parau, i roto i nei e taea te kitea i te hōtaka i te pātai rite), e ai kia whai hua rite te haapiiraa i roto i te kura, me te i roto i te kura umanga.