Ko te whare taonga tuatahi i roto i Russia. Wai whakatuwheratia te whare taonga tuatahi i roto i Russia?

E mohiotia nga ingoa o etahi taonga Russian ki nga tangata o to tatou whenua. Tenei Hermitage, te Tretyakov Taiwhanga me pākiki. E whakanōhanga whakamutunga - i te taonga tuatahi i roto i Russia.

Great Embassy o Pita ahau

Pita tomo ahau te hītori motu rite te reforomatio o nga mea katoa. Ko ia te tangata e whakaturia te whare taonga tuatahi i roto i Russia. I te 1698 ko ia te tuatahi o to tatou kingi i roto i Europe. I te wa ano, haere ia ki whenua Western i roto i te Embassy nui ingoamuna kia rite kore ki te kukume whakarongo ki tona tangata.

Ko reira i roto i tona haerenga Pita ahau whakaaro tuatahi Pākehā e pā ana ki te hanga i tona ake whare taonga. Ahakoa whakapumautia taua pūtahi i ki te tautoko o nga rangatira. Hei tauira, tonu maha rangatira Tiamana ratou ake "rūnanga o pākiki", i puritia nga pākiki i huri noa i te ao. I roto i to ratou ake reo e huaina whare Rūnanga o te pākiki o. maha Pita tārua Pākehā i roto i to ratou ake whenua. Na reira, ko te whare taonga tuatahi i roto i Russia huaina tika - pākiki.

patua te nuinga kingi te Hōrana me Ingarangi me to ratou production hou. I roto i enei whenua, e kore e zhadnichaya reira, hokona e ahau he momo o kaupapa - pukapuka, mea pūtaiao, kohuke, patu. ko tenei katoa ki hei te pūtake o te rongo, i pai kua puritia te taonga tuatahi i roto i Russia.

Ko te Kunstkamery turanga

I muri i hoki mai te kāinga, e Pita kore ahau i wareware e pā ana ki to ratou whakaaro. He tau torutoru i muri i riro ia i te rohe Paratiki Swedish. Ko konei i whakaturia St. Petersburg, i reira i oho te whakapaipai hohoro. hiahia e te kingi ki te mahi Kunstkamera i te awa Neva. I oho te reira i roto i roto i 1714 tana kohinga o rarities Summer Palace. whakaaro tenei tau ko te rā tuatahi o te Kunstkammer. I mua ki tenei, puritia nga whakaatu i roto i Moscow, i roto i tōna tari Aptekarskaya.

Ko te whare taonga tuatahi i roto i te aamu o Russia te āta tonu i te whakaaturanga hou. Kua tau i muri mai ka haere a Poroshenko i tona haerenga tuarua ki Europe. I roto i te Holland, tae mai te kingi te whare taonga rongonui o Albert Tepa. Tenei ora taka rongoā kohikohi ngā kohuke, otaota me anga. hokona e ia i te manuhiri rongonui mo te nuinga o tona kohinga Zoological, e hohoro riro te whare taonga tuatahi i roto i Russia.

Ko te whare hou mo te whare taonga

Nā ki te meka e kua piki haere nui haere te maha o ngā tūemi, i whakaritea e te reira ki te whakawhiti i te Rūnanga o te pākiki o roto i te whare whakaaro-hanga hou hoki a ia. whakatakotoria Building i roto i 1718. hanga e te kaupapa he rota o kaihoahoa, ka ia o nei te matenga i etahi wāhi. Enei ko: Johann Georg Mattarnovi Nicholas Gerbel me Mikhail Zemtsov.

Ko rawa puhoi Construction, a kore Pita kite tona hanganga. mate ia i roto i 1725, ka i roto i te wahi o te Kunstkammer tonu i whanau taiepa. I whakatuwheratia te whare o nāianei i muri. tupu tenei i roto i te 1734. Tenei mahi hanga i tenei ra (kei i runga i te Whare Wānanga parepare). Kua mahia e te reira i te reira i roto i te kāhua o Petrine Baroque. I roto i te wairua rite i hanga katoa o te whare tuatahi o te whakapaipai hou, ka tamata ia ki te hoatu i te titiro pono Pākehā.

I mua ki tenei, te taonga rawa tuatahi i roto i Russia moe i roto i te poto Kikin Chambers. Ko konei i whakatuwheratia tuatahi ia ki te iwi whānui.

pūtahi pūtea

Ko reira he whare e rua-papa nui, heoi kihai i nei,, nui ki te hāngai te whakaaturanga katoa. i te whare taonga hou kahore pūtea pūmau, engari riro ia takuhe i te tari Tote, me tari hauora. Ko te whakamutunga utu kaimahi tukua. whanga ana ratou i runga i te haumaru o te whakaaturanga, me te tāpiri ki te kohinga.

Mea faahiahia, i roto i te 1724, fakatāutaha whakahau a Pita ki te hoatu 400 moni tau marū mō manuhiri. Ki te whakarite tatou i te Rünanga Käwanatanga o te pākiki o ki ētahi atu whare taonga i roto i Europe i taua wa, a ki reira ka kite tatou i te pikitia rerekē. Hei tauira, i roto i te Dresden he "rūnanga pākiki" vai e tika ana ki te tohutohutia manuhiri. Oia atoa, ki "matamata" ngāue Ashmole Museum i Oxford English.

Ngā Whāinga taonga

I whakatuwheratia te whare taonga tuatahi i roto i Russia kore ki te whakarangatira ia ratou, ara ki te whakaako i te iwi whānui i roto i Petersburg mangere. E rave rahi o te rangatira i kore te whakaatu moni i roto i te pūtaiao, e kore e nei rite Pita. tumanako ia e te iti rawa i te marū noa mo te wa tuatahi ki te faananearaa i te moni i roto i te āhuatanga ke. O te akoranga, kihai i te Kunstkammer anake te mehua o tona mōhio o ētahi atu. Kati te ki reira te mea e ko te reira, no te reira i te tuatahi puta i roto i te pane, auau nūpepa Russian. I te wa ano ka tuwhera te kura hou i roto i Moscow, te wahi i karangatia tohunga ke. He aha te mea te whare taonga tuatahi i roto i Russia? O te akoranga, te reira te pākiki o, mai reira kua meinga nei e te pokapū o te pūtaiao, e kore anake St Petersburg, engari puta noa i te whenua.

whakaaturanga Rapu i roto i te kawanatanga Russian

He hui nui ko te hanganga o te Academy o Sciences. tupu tenei i roto i te 1724. Na ka haere mai te pākiki o raro i te aegis o te whare hou. He tohu hou o te Russian Academy o Sciences ko te whare tuatahi o te Russian Museum.

Ki te i anake ke te kohinga tuatahi o te Kunstkammer, ka runga i te wā i timata ratou ki te "waimeha" te whakaaturanga kāinga. I mua i te neke ki St. Petersburg, puta Pita he tikanga i raro i nei kua kohia te kura Moscow o anatomy hāparapara whakahiato hoki ia.

tamata hoki Pita ki te whakatū i tētahi kohinga auau o pākiki i te kawanatanga. I roto i te 1717, ka tonoa e ia he tikanga Voronezh rangatira mano Stepan Kolycheva, i whakahau te hao, "kararehe i roto i te Rēhita" e hiahiatia ana mo te whare taonga. Waihoki, i mahara te Siberian kawana Gagarin ki tonoa ki anga St Petersburg.

haerenga pūtaiao

I roto i nga tau whakamutunga o tona ora, ko ngā hiahia i roto i te rauemi papawhenua, Zoological, hītori, huakanga, me te bibliographical Pita ahau. orua Foundation o te whare taonga tuatahi i roto i Russia ki te whakahaere o maha haerenga ki te Te Tai Rāwhiti. He tokomaha o ratou i haere i roto i te rapu o ngā kohuke e hiahiatia ana mo te tupu o te ahumahi kāinga. Ngā faufaa i roto i tenei tikanga ko te Ural - "Stone Belt" o te whenua. I mauria ano e mahi Geodetic i roto i runga i te takutai o te Baltic, Kapiana, Black ko Azov Moana.

I roto i te 1716-1718 gg. e tata ana Astrakhan i kitea taua mea he tokomaha te koura, me taonga hiriwa o onamata. Pita ahau (te tetahi e whakatuwheratia te whare taonga tuatahi i roto i Russia) kei te tino hiahia i roto i enei kitenga. I tonoa ratou ki St Petersburg. Ko he oko patunga tapu, e toe i roto i te mangai o te Täingäwai ki te wa ke.

ope Siberian Messerschmidt

faufaa O nui mo te Kunstkammer i te tau wawe o te ope a Daniel Messerschmidt. I tonoa tenei huaota German me te rata a Pita ki a Siberia i te tikanga ki te tuatahi kohikohi i te rota o tūemi ahurei mō "rūnanga o te kingi." Ko te Emperor (nana nei i whakatitiro te whare taonga tuatahi i roto i Russia) ko pai mōhio o te uara o nga rarities Siberian ka ongo'i e kahore ratou pākiki kia hapa.

Messerschmidt kore anake kohikohi rarities, engari whakaahua ana ano hoki te ora me te reo o te iwi taketake o enei tapa. i riro pūtaiao Tiamana i noho rohe o pau nui o manu me kararehe, e ka kawea e ia ki a St Petersburg. I roto i te tere, tae Messerschmidt he momo o nga pa: Tomsk, Roho, Abakan, Kuznetsk, Turukhansk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Tyumen, etc ...

Ngā mihi ki ana tautooraa i roto i te Kunstkammer i nui rauemi i runga i te hia kē, tuhinga, me te toi ataata o te Te Tai Rāwhiti. Ko nga iwi Mongol, Hainamana me te tahi atu iwi Siberian. kua ki te aromatawai i te uara me te faufaa o te kite o te kōmihana motuhake kua kohia. Messerschmidt i utua nga utu katoa o te haere. Hoki ki a ia i riro i te ohaurunga ki whāki maha ngā meka e pā ana ki te whakaaturanga i te kāinga.

Te tikanga Kunstkamery

Te nuinga e tika ana ki te Kunstkammer o St Petersburg kua riro te whakapaipai pūtaiao o te whenua. Here ka haere mai te taonga tūmataiti tuatahi i roto i Russia. timata maha rangatira taonga ki te huihui ratou ake kohikohinga, ratou faaite nuitia i roto i ruma motuhake.

Pākiki ano tenei ra ko te whare taonga mātauranga tikanga tangata, e kohikohi nga ra he nui nui o te iwi whānui pākiki. I hoatu e ia te ingoa o Pita ahau i roto i te āhukahuka o ana ratonga nui ki te pūtaiao motu.