Konstantin Ushinsky: he haurongo poto

Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich rongonui matua rite te kaiwhakarewa o ako Russian, a ka rite ki te kaituhi. Heoi, kihai i roa te ora o tenei tangata pūmanawa, ka mau te mate ki a ia tona kaha katoa, ko ia i roto i te hohoro ki te mahi me te ki te mahi mō ētahi atu rite nui rite taea. I te tau 1867 ka hoki ia whare i Europe, me te tau torutoru i muri, i roto i te 1871 (Kāhua New), ka mate, ko ia tau 47 anake tau.

Konstantin Ushinsky tino hanga ki Russia rawa nui. Tona moe ngākau, tuhia i roto i tona rātaka whaiaro mai tamarikitanga, i ki kia whai hua ki te fatherland. whakatipu tika me te mātauranga o te whakatupuranga o muri, a oti rawa tona ora ki tenei tangata.

Konstantin Ushinsky: he haurongo poto

whanau Kostya i roto i Tula i 19 February 1823 i roto i te hapu o te rangatira nui - he āpiha mutu, he hōia o te Pakanga o 1812. Haurongo Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich tohu e pau ia tona tamarikitanga i roto i te pa o Novgorod-Seversky, kei roto i te kawanatanga o Chernigov, i roto i te whenua o tona matua, i reira i tonoa tona papa ki te mahi rite te kaiwhakawa iti. mate wawe rawa tona whaea, i te wa ko ia 12 tau.

I puta ia i te kura wetereo rohe riro Constantine te ākonga o te manga ture o University Moscow. puta ia ki te hōnore. E rua tau i muri mai ka ia mahi pūtaiao ahorangi cameral Lyceum i Yaroslavl.

Heoi, i tino hohoro haukotia tona mahi ngingila - i roto i te 1849. pupuhi Ushinsky mō "te pōuri" i roto i ngā ākonga, whai wāhi tenei ki tona whakaaro whakamua.

Tīmata o ngā mahi whakaako

i takoha Konstantin Ushinsky ki te mahi i runga i te tūranga iti uiui i roto i te Tāhuhu o Internal Affairs. e kore e makona, me te ara rātau (e pā ana ki reira tuhituhi ia ia i roto i ona rātaka) ona mahi pera.

Ko te pai nui o te kaituhi riro i te mahi tuhituhi i roto i makasini "Library mō te Pānui" me "Contemporary", i hoatu ratou oko, whakamāoritanga i Ingarihi me te arotake i te rauemi whakaputaina i roto i te pāpāho tā ke.

I roto i te 1854, ka tīmata Konstantin Ushinsky ki te mahi rite te kaiako, ka he kaitirotiro o te Gatchina Pani Institute, te wahi faaite te reira iho hei kaiwhakaako pai, he tohunga ki runga ki te turanga o te mātauranga me te whakangungu.

whakahaerenga

I raro i te mana o te kaupapa pāpori-kaupapa i roto i te biennium 1857-1858. tuhi Ushinsky i roto i te "Journal o te Mātauranga" etahi o ana oko, i tahuri nei i roto i tona ora, ka haere mai ki a ia i kotahi te mana, me te kororia.

I te tau 1859, i whakaritea e ia Kaitirotiro o te Smolny Institute mo Noble kotiro. I roto i tenei whare pai-mohiotia, e te tata e pā ana ki te whānau kingi, i te huru ruperupe o te whakapati me te servility. whakahaere whakangungu katoa i roto i te wairua o te morare Karaitiana, i te mutunga ka tae iho ki te Hahi, o tikanga fakamāmaní, koropiko o te kāwanatanga tsarist me te iti o te matauranga tūturu.

whakahou

Ushinsky kotahi pau'inisititiutí whakahou i te noa'tu o te parenga o te kaiako reactionary, whakaurua e ia he mahere whakangungu hou. Na, ko te kaupapa matua te reo Russian me tuhinga, me te te pūtaiao māori. I mau haapiiraa o te ahupūngao me te matū ngā whakaurua ia, kia rite ki enei mau parau tumu ako ataata whai wāhi ki te whakawhenumi pai me te māramatanga o te kaupapa. I taua wa, i karangatia matou ki te kaiako pai - Wēteriana i tuhinga, matawhenua, hītori, me ētahi atu, me reira Vodovozov VI, semenov D. D., Semevskiy M. ahau ...

He otinga ngā ko te whakataki o ratou tau-rua piha tuarua kaupapa i runga i ngā akomanga e whitu ki te faaineine i pai ākonga mō te mahi whai hua. Reira e hoki ki mahi te mahi ako o hui me hui mō ngā kaiako. whai hoki tamariki te tika ki te okioki i runga i te tau faafaaearaa, me hararei ki ngā mātua.

ko enei ngā katoa rawa pai Constantine Ushinsky. Haurongo mō ngā tamariki ka hiahia i roto i te meka i ko reira hoki ratou e tuhituhi e ia na maha tales mīharo me kōrero.

anthology tamariki

I te wa ano, i roto i 1861, i hanga ai Ushinsky anthology "o tamariki Ao" i runga i te reo Russian mō ngā auroro timatanga i roto i te rua nga wahi, e tahi, me te rauemi i roto i te pūtaiao māori.

I roto i te 1860-1861 gg. Kei te mahi ia i roto i te whakatika i te "Journal o te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga Public", tino huri i te reira hōtaka uninteresting me maroke, me te tahuri te reira ki te makasini pūtaiao-ako.

Kei te whakatapua toku wa katoa ki tenei take, Mr. Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich. haurongo poto tohu e tona mahi kawea mai he rota o hua ki te hapori. tuhi ia a e i roto i makasini nui tuhinga reactionary. Hoki taua kaituhi willfulness kore i taea te utu. tīmata te reira hounding whakawakia ia hoa o unreliability tōrangapū me te freethinking.

Experience i roto i Europe

I roto i te tau 1862, pupuhi ia i te Smolny Institute. Na ka e tuku te kāwanatanga tsarist ia ki waho i runga i te haerenga roa ki te ako Pākehā o te mātauranga o te wahine. kite Ushinsky tenei haerenga rite te tohutoro.

Heoi, tae ia ki waho, te tūhura katoa ki te anaanatae nui ka tae mai he maha o whenua Pākehā. I roto i Switzerland, Kei te tino āta ako i te reira i te waihanga o te mātauranga tuatahi. Ratou whakataunga me ngā tukipūtanga Constantine Ushinsky ko te pukapuka mō te pānui akomanga "Kupu Maori" me te ā-whakangungu hoki reira. Na ka faaineine ia e rua ngā rōrahi o "tangata rite te kaupapa o te mātauranga", me te kohikohi i nga rauemi katoa ki te tuatoru.

Mate me te ngakau pouri,

I roto i ana tau whakamutunga, kua mahi ia rite te ahua tūmatanui. Kua whakaputaina e ia maha tuhinga e pā ana ki te kura Rātapu me ngā kura mō ngā tamariki a kaimahi, ko ano hoki ia he mema o te Congress kaupapa whakaako i roto i te Crimea. I roto i te tau 1870 i roto i Simferopol, tae mai ia te maha o ngā kura, me te hihiko tutaki ki kaiako me o ratou tauira.

Ko tētahi o nga kaiako haamana'o IP Derkachev e i roto i te raumati o te tau 1870 hoki Ushinsky kāinga i te Crimea ki te kainga Bogdanka Glukhovski County (Chernihiv rohe) e hiahia ana ki te karanga i runga i tona hoa NA Corfu Katerinoslavshchina, otiia e kore e taea e rave i te reira. Ko tētahi o nga take kua riro te reira makariri, a ka te mate fakamamahi o tana tama mātāmua, a Paora. I muri iho oho Ushinsky ki tona whānau ki te ora i roto i Kiev, a hokona he whare i runga i Tarasovskaya. Na tonoa tonutia atu e ia ana tama ki te kia tukinotia i roto i te Crimea. I te ara nui hopu Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich te matao, me mutu i roto i Odessa mo maimoatanga, engari hohoro mate, ko reira i roto i te marama o Hānuere 1871 (Kāhua New). I tanumia ia i roto i Kiev Vydubychi Monastery.

Beloveds Ushinsky

ka Wife K. D. Ushinskogo Nadezhda Semenovna Doroshenko. tutaki ia ia hoki i roto i te Novgorod-Seversky. ko ia tetahi o te whānau Cossack onamata. Ka moe a Ushinsky ia i roto i te raumati o te tau 1851 i roto i te tere pakihi i roto i te pa. a ratou e rima ngā tamariki.

Te tamahine a Vera (tane o Poteau) i roto i Kiev i tona ake utu whakatuwheratia tautāne City College, ko roto i te kororia o tona papa. hanga te tamahine tuarua o Hope ki te moni i nga mahi a tona papa i te kura tuatahi i roto i te kainga o Bogdanka, te wahi i noho ai ia i te wa Ushinsky.