Koraha: raruraru taiao, te ora o te koraha

Koraha - wāhi maroke ki te mahi pāmahana nui, me te haumākū iti. Kairangahau whakapono taua wahi i runga i te whenua rohe matawhenua faingata'a. Geographers me ōmataora tautohe e te koraha rawa - ko te raruraru taiao matua o te whenua, kaua desertification ranei tenei. Na karanga tatou te mate o te otaota tūturu tamau matatini, te ngoikore o te ora tūturu kahore wawaotanga tangata. Kia kitea tatou i roto i te mea rohe, ko koraha i runga i te mahere. raruraru Taiao o te rohe tūturu Ka tāuta pā hāngai ki te mahi a te tangata.

Country faingata'a matawhenua

Te nuinga wāhi dryland o te ao kei roto i te tropics, whiwhi ratou i 0 ki te 250 mm o te ua ia tau. Whakaetonga te nuinga tekau nga wa ki runga ake i te nui o rerenga. Nuinga o ngā wā maturuturu e kore tae mata o te whenua, evaporates reira i roto i te rangi. I roto i te kamaka Gobi me i pāmahana te hotoke Central Asia i raro 0 ° C. He kaha tīwera nui - he āhuatanga āhuatanga o te āhuarangi o te koraha. I roto i te ra kia waiho te reira 25-30 ° C, i roto i te Sahara tae 40-45 ° C. Ētahi atu faingata'a matawhenua koraha o te whenua:

• rerenga i waho mākū, i te oneone;
• vero puehu me vortices kahore ua;
• ngā roto undrained ki te ihirangi tote tiketike;
• puna e kua ngaro i roto i nga one, e kore hoatu ara ki awa;
• Awa i waho te mangai, whakaeminga awa maroke, me te maroke i roto i te raorao;
• kōpiko roto ki te huri tonu takutai;
• rakau, rakau iti me otaota ki kahore he rau, engari ki te tataramoa.

Te koraha nui i roto i te ao

wāhi nui kowaiwai o te otaota kua pēnei ki te wāhi uta o te ao. Kei te nuinga te reira e nga rakau, rakau iti me otaota ki kahore rau kahore otaota, e whakaatu ana i te wā "koraha" iho ranei. Photos ngā i roto i te tuhinga, hoatu he whakaaro o nga tikanga pakeke o te wāhi maroke. E whakaatu ana te mahere i kei te koraha e i roto i te Northern me Southern tuakoi i roto i climates wera. i roto i te Central Asia anake, kei tenei rohe tūturu i roto i te rohe e pehi ana, ki runga ki te 50 ° C. w. Ko te koraha nui o te ao:

• Sahara, Ripia, Kalahari ko Namib i Africa;
• Monte, Patagonian ko Atacama i Amerika ki te Tonga;
• Sandy Great ko Victoria i Ahitereiria;
• Arapi, Gobi, Hiriani, Mirimiria Al Khali koraha, te Karakum, Kyzylkum i Eurasia.

Taua wāhi rite āhua-koraha, me te koraha, i runga i te mahere ao rite te tango katoa i 17 ki te 25% o te katoa rohe whenua o te ao, a i roto i Awherika, a Ahitereiria - 40% o te rohe.

Te tauraki i te moana

Ko te wāhi rerekē o te āhuatanga o te koraha Atacama ko Namibia. Ko ēnei whenua maroke oa i runga i te tātahi! Kei te Atacama Koraha te i roto i te uru o Amerika ki te Tonga, e karapotia ana e tihi o nga kamaka o te pūnaha mountain Andes, e tae te teitei o neke atu i te 6,500 m. I roto i horoia te hauauru e te Pacific Ocean me ona matao nāianei Peruvian.

Atacama - te koraha pakoko, record konei tohua ua iti - 0 mm. ua Light kotahi nga tau torutoru tupu, engari i roto i te hotoke maha hāparangi kohu i te moana. I roto i tenei rohe maroke, ko te kāinga ki e pā ana ki 1 miriona te iwi. whai wāhi te taupori i roto i mara kararehe: karapotia e wahi kai me wahi kai, ko te koraha tiketike katoa. Photos i roto i te tuhinga e homai he whakaaro o te whenua pakeke o te Atacama.

Ngā momo o koraha (whakarōpūtanga taiao)

1. Maroke - momo rohe, āhuatanga o te rohe pārūrū me te pārū. He wera, me te maroke te āhuarangi i roto i tenei rohe.
2. Horonga - Ko te hua o te pānga tangata hāngai ranei i runga i te natura. He ko he ariā e whakamārama e ko te koraha, nga raruraru taiao e kua pā ana ki tona toronga tenei. A meinga tenei katoa e te mahi o te taupori.
3. Kapi - te wāhi i roto i nei i reira he noho pūmau. He awa tauwhiro, Tuhinga, e kua hanga e i roto i nga wahi i reira i te manawa whenua.
4. Ahumahi - ngā wāhi ki te cover otaota rawa rawakore, me te kararehe, meinga nei e mahi ahumahi, me te takahi o te taiao māori.
5. Arctic - whanuitanga hukarere me te haupapa i ahopae teitei.

He rite i roto i te huarahi maha ngā raruraru kaiao o koraha, me te āhua-koraha i roto i te raki, me te i roto i te tropics: hei tauira, i reira ko te kore o te ua, i te mea he take whāiti mō te tipu ora. Ko te kiko haupapa o te Arctic āhuatanga e pāmahana tino iti.

Desertification - te mate o te taupoki otaota tonu

Mō 150 matahiti i teie nei, kua tuhia kaipūtaiao he hua i roto i te rohe o te Sahara. Kua whakaaturia ngā whaipara tangata me rangahau Paleontological e kore te tonu i reira tika te koraha i roto i te rohe. raruraru Environmental ko te-ka karanga kia ka "e holomui" o te Sahara. Na, i roto i te rau tau XI, ahuwhenua i Africa Te Tai Tokerau i taea mahi ki runga, ki te 21 ° ahopae. Hoki e whitu tenetere kua oho te tonga te rohe raki o te ahuwhenua ki te whakarara 17, ki kua neke noa atu i te rau tau XXI. He aha he desertification? Ētahi kairangahau whakamārama te tukanga i roto i Africa "maroke ake" o te āhuarangi me te tahi atu Nekeneke one, haumako hiamoe. Ko te sensation ko te mahi o Stebbing "koraha, hanga e te tangata", tukua i roto i te tau 1938. Ko te kaituhi homai mōhiohio e pā ana te ahunga whakamua o te Sahara ki te tonga, a faataa i te āhuatanga o te pāmu hē, ngā kararehe takahanga grassy otaota, ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua rōnaki.

take te tangata-i hanga o desertification

Ka rite ki te hua, kaupapa o te onepu i te Sahara Research, kitea kaipūtaiao e i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, te rohe o te whenua ahuwhenua me te kararehe o kararehe heke. Trees me ngā mauwha, ka i pa, kei te whati taua koraha! E hanga nei raruraru taiao e te ngaro tata oti o ngā take i roto i nei te rohe mawehe atu i te whakamahi ahuwhenua mo ratou houtanga māori. Kawea atu ngā mahi reclamation me reclamation runga i te tapawha iti.

maha ngā Desertification i mahi a te tangata, e kore te mea te āhuarangi me te horonga e pā ana ki te faaohiparaa wanoke o tarutaru, te whanaketanga nui o hanga rori me te ahuwhenua rōnaki take o te "te na'ina'iraa". Desertification i raro i te mana o ngā āhuatanga taiao, kia puta i te rohe o te wāhi maroke ngā, engari iti iho i te i raro i te mana o ngā mahi tangata. Ko te take matua o te desertification horonga:

• mahi koura tuwhera rua (whakapai);
• whangai i waho te whakaora i te hua o tarutaru;
• topenga o tu ngahere, ngā oneone;
• irrigation hē (irrigation);
• whakapakari o te wai me te hau te horo:
• ringihia Faarii, ko te take ki te ngaro o te Moana Aral i Central Asia rite.

raruraru kaiao o koraha, me te āhua-koraha (rārangi)

1. Te kore o te wai - te take matua e faarahi te whakaraerae o whenua koraha. Kaha te whakaetonga me te puehu vero arahi ki atu tuukinotanga me te horo haurokuroku oneone.
2. Salinity - nui haere ihirangi o tai wairewa, waimaori tote, a ka solonetzes te hanganga ngā taea mō ngā tipu.
3. Puehu me te onepu vero - rere Air aranga ake i te mata o te whenua te nui nui o te otaota pai. I runga i te hau te maua e te tote repo tote. Ki te taonga onepu me te paru ki pūhui rino, ka i reira e kōwhai-parauri me vero puehu whero. Ka taea e ratou hipokina rau mano ranei o kiromita tapawha.
4. I puhake mai whirls onepu efua, ki te rangi, he maha nui o otaota iti ki te wahi tiketike o te maha tekau o mita - "Te Diabolo o te koraha". He amo Sand i te tihi o te toronga. rerekē ratou i ahiohió ngaro o kapua kapua whakapipi e mau ana te ua.
5. peihana puehu - he wāhi i reira i reira ko te horo catastrophic rite ki te hua o te tauraki me te tutu parau ake te whenua.
6. Tanumia, ururua whakaeminga - waho ki te taiao tūturu o ngā e mo te wa roa e kore e popo te tuku matū paitini ranei.
7. Parakūkātanga me te parahanga o te tangata i ngā mahi keri, te whanaketanga o te mara kararehe, waka me te tāpoi.
8. Whakaitinga i roto i te rohe e nohoia e te tipu te koraha, kēkeno o kararehe. Mate o te koiora.

Ora koraha. Plants me Animals

tikanga kino, rauemi iti te wai, me te whenua koraha pakoko ke i muri i te ua. He maha Otaota Maroke, cacti, ko Jade hei tauira, e taea ana ki te takanga mai me te rokiroki i te wai here i roto i te tātā me rau. Xeromorphic atu tipu pērā i saxaul me te taru kawa, te whakawhanake pakiaka roa e tae te aquifer. Kua urutau Animals ratou ki te whiwhi i te makuku tika i te kai. kē maha kararehe ki pō ki te karo pukā.

Ko te karapoti ao, te koraha i roto i ngā, te faaruru i te pā tōraro o ngā mahi taupori. He te whakangaromanga o te taiao māori, rite ki te hua o te tangata e kore e taea himself oaoa i te mau horo'araa o te natura. A, no te ngaro kararehe me ngā otaota ratou noho mua, te reira hoki kua he pānga tōraro i runga i te oraraa o te iwi.