Kunstkamera i Saint Petersburg: Museum

I whakaturia - (Museum o Anthropology me ka hia kē te ingoa i muri i Petra Velikogo, Russian Academy o Sciences ingoa tonu.) e Emperor Pita te nui i roto i St Petersburg Kunstkamera i St Petersburg. whakatuwheratia te reira i roto i te 1714.

i kawea mai Neke atu i te miriona mau tao'ao kohia i roto i te Kunstkammer i te kau, engari he torutoru tekau rau o te whare taonga o te pākiki o e kua whakaurua i roto i te whakaaturanga ranei, e Pita te nui i tona haerenga i roto i Ingarangi me Holland, i mahia te emepera i roto i 1698. Haere tāwāhi kingi tae mai whare taonga, whakamoemititia "rawa fakaofo" kohinga o rarities me i te mutunga, faaoti ahau ki whakapumautia mau i roto i Russia rite ki te iwi Russian. Peia e tenei whakaaro, ka anga a Pita ki te hoko i ngā tūemi onge, pukapuka tawhito, patu, taputapu, taputapu - mea katoa e taea e maere. i kawea kohinga nui ki Moscow, i roto i te whare o te kingi. Heoi i reira pākiki - te taonga Russian tuatahi.

kōrero

Motuhake kohia rarities kikokiko hauora tiaki i roto i freaks waipiro aruaruraa, etahi taunakitanga o kōhikohiko tūturu, ngā o te ora tawhito, me te ora o te iwi onamata. Rau o whakaaturanga ahurei i hanga te pūtake o "rūnanga pākiki" o te tsar Russian. Uipaanga o te noho Moscow o Pita te kore noho whakaaturanga i huri noa i te ao nei ka tono tangata, ka tono tangata atu ki te rapu hoki, me te hoko taonga whakamiharo. Ko reira ka whakaritea e ki te kawe i te taonga, "tari o te kingi" i roto i te St Petersburg me ki te hanga i tetahi whare motuhake mo te Kunstkammer. hanga te nekehanga i roto i 1714, poto e nga whakaaturanga katoa whakanohoia i roto i te Summer Palace. A ka i roto i te whare i Kiki, te nuinga o ratou whakanohoia i roto i te whare Boyar Kikin - te pera-ka karanga kikinskie Whare. I reira whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i tona ake whare taonga, me te wahi whiriwhiri mo tona hanganga i te matamata o te moutere o Vasilyevsky, i mua o te Winter Palace, kei nei i roto i te Hermitage.

Tīmata o te hanga

Pita Construction o te whare pupuri taonga i tīmata i roto i 1718, ka roa hoki e pā ana ki e rua tekau nga tau. Na roto i te wa o te mate o te emepera - i roto i te 1725 - i tatou ki te hanga i te taiepa anake. Ko te kaihoahoa ko Johann Georg Mattarnovi nei i hanga te kaupapa i roto i te kāhua Baroque, a ka hanga ki runga ki te 1719. I muri i tona matenga, tonu ana ia i te hanga o te Nicholas Gerbel. I roto i te 1724 ka mau Gaetano Kiaveri kaihoahoa tari. I roto i 1726 i roto i te whare o te whare taonga timata ki te kawemai ngā whakaaturanga.

hanganga

E rua whare e toru-papa o te whare taonga e hono ki te pourewa Aratiatia ki te kikorangi Baroque. Ko te whakaaturanga noho te parirau katoa o te matatini, kei roto i te uru Russian Academy o Sciences rawhiti, he whare toharite ko kikokiko Theatre, a kua whakaritea Gottorp Globe me Observatory runga taua mea, i roto i te pourewa ano. I roto i 1830, te Museum o pākiki i Saint-Petersburg kua wehea ki wha motuhake Botanical, taketake, Zoological me mineralogical, ia o nei i roto i tenei take, ko te wahi o te whare taonga matua. Thematically ngā o waru ngā wāhanga pākiki:

• Ko te hītori o te Kunstkammer. pūtaiao Russian o te rau tau XVIII.
• wāhanga kikokiko.
• Amerika Te Tai Tokerau.
• India ko Indonesia.
• Japan.
• China ko Mongolia.
• Africa.
• Ahitereiria me Oceania.

History Kunstkamery

Museum o pākiki i St Petersburg ngā toru ngā whakaaturanga: "Museum o M. V. Lomonosova", "Observatory Arorangi o te Academy o Pūtaiao o St Petersburg" me "Gottorp Globe-aorangi". whakaata te whakaaturanga i nga ra wawe o te Kunstkammer, he rota o ngā mōhiohio i oti rawa ki te mahi o Te Whare Wānanga, me te St Petersburg Academy o Sciences, te Observatory me te wa tangohia o mahi, kei te i roto i te pourewa pokapū o te whare taonga, me te te tuitui o te raina tikanga Petersburg afaraa. Permament whakaatu Room Conference o te St Petersburg Academy o Sciences.

wāhanga kikokiko

Kunstkamera i St Petersburg (whakaahua aroaro i roto i tenei tuhinga) he wāhanga anatomy rawa ngā. Here, kohia te faaiteiteraa nui i rarities rerekē o te take mai tūturu :. tenei deformities kikokiko, tauira sirenomelia, mahanga Siamese, reme cyclops tamaiti ki e rua upoko, me ētahi atu te whakaaturanga matua ngā te kohinga o te anatomist Tatimana Frederik Ruysch, i riro e Pita te nui mo te moni nui i roto i te 1717 tau.

Amerika Te Tai Tokerau

Kunstkamera i roto i St Petersburg ko te amuitahiraa i oti rawa ki nga iwi tawhito o te fenua Amerika Te Tai Tokerau - te Eskimos, Inia, Aleuts. Ko te whakaaturanga ngā te iwi raki whare, te tahito hanga - ngira whiu yaranga. Tapenakara Inia whakaaturia i roto i te puka o enei ruma, ki te tae matarohia, me kahore. ngā ano te kakahu motu o nga tangata onamata o Amerika Te Tai Tokerau, kei te hanga i hiako kararehe, nga wuuru, huruhuru me te whakato muka.

India ko Indonesia

E māngai nga iwi o Āhia ki te tonga i roto i te Kunstkammer i tona kanorau katoa: konei me te whare o te iwi onamata, me oko tunu, me patu e whakarato kai, me te ki nei ki te whawhai. Ko te tūnga motuhake o te amuitahiraa Armory India noho he tetahi hoari ara niao ki huaina "Kris" - he whakamataku, nanakia ringa matao, Ahakoa he arero o te mura. Ko te nuinga o nga mau a'oraa whakaatu wāhanga e pā ana ki te rongo. whare tapere whānui kanohi i runga i veshalah motuhake decomposed tane whakaari tawhito me whakawa wahine, ka whakairi hurio. He tawhiti poto atu he he wā mo ngā mahi o te whare tapere o atarangi. kawea maha tao'ao o te rakau whakairo i ngā rohe Indian.

Japan

tūemi whare me te Japanese iwi Ainu tahito noho te motu Japanese i roto i nga wa onamata, kei te aroaro i roto i te wāhanga o te whenua o te Haké Sun ka hia. utua nui aro te ki te pāpāho Hapanihi mō te hī me te hopu. Ko te whakaaturanga Kei rutu hī tūturu, matau tahito, kupenga, me te momo o rore, ka haere mai ki te Kunstkammer o nga wa tawhiti, etahi o nga whakaaturanga neke atu i te 10 mano tau. Wehe faaite patu me patu o te samurai Japanese. Kunstkamera i St Petersburg he hoari samurai "katana", e kua ngā ki daggers iti "kusungobu" mo te whakamomori tikanga - harakiri. He he ano hoki te hoari tikanga wahine, kia iti e kore e kitea e ratou ara i roto i te ringa wahine, engari ahakoa kawea ratou mate. Heoi ko te maripi nui wahine o hapu samurai pa ki te kaki, a ka e whakahemohemo ana.

China ko Mongolia

Kunstkamera - Museum, e whakaatu ana China rite te whenua o discoverers porcelain, hiraka me te paura. huinga Antique o pai haina ki tonu te rongo. kapu Here, rave rahi me nga hoeha, pata kawhe me peihana huka. Rīhi kohia ka wehea e te paearu hanahana rite porcelain kapu ahu whenua ohie, me te pai nui ripeneta rerekē. E whakaatu ana te whakaaturanga i te cloisonne Hainamana rongonui, hua i hanga o wheua, kohatu, me te rakau. kore kua hiraka Natural, whatu e nga ringa o nga kairaranga onamata ke i runga i te rau tau, ko reira rite ātaahua tonu. He wahi motuhake i roto i te whakaaturanga, ko te whakaata-te whakawera wai solar. Kua tēnei pūrere kua i roto i tata nga whare Chinese: whakaata tuakoi, whakaritea kia e kitea hihi o te ra i te whakaata, ka huihuia ki te paihere, a whakatārewatia hopane wera.

Kunstkamera i roto i St Petersburg ko te whakaaturanga Mongolian, i roto i nei te faaiteiteraa matua ko te e pehia ki - nohoanga Arapi e taea te takai, ka kawea ki tetahi atu wahi. Kua tupu fakautuutu ēnei yurts mai te timatanga o te rau tau XV. O te tutaki rakau roa haere kupenga mahi rite te matua, ka hipoki anga slatted ki farii ei pu'oi taura. whakaturia te e pehia ki i roto i te ara taua e te tatau mua anga tonga. A tuu i te taiepa ritenga te tomokanga, i whakaaro ai te tangata ingoa nui, a te nuinga o reira manuhiri aroha noho. I tua atu, i te wāhi i roto o te e pehia ki wehea ki haurua wahine, me te tane. I roto i te waenganui o te kāinga, ko te pokapū, he wahi whakaaro tapu.

Iwi mohoao maha puta ke o ratou wahi o te noho, i reira e tika ana ki te rapu haerenga mo a kararehe. Hoki whakaaturia Ko nga mea mahi Mongolian ahuwhenua, nohoanga hoiho, harnesses me paraikete mo hoiho.

Africa

Kunstkamera - Museum, ano nei kua he ruma i oti rawa ki te fenua Awherika. E whakaatu ana te reira i te hītori o te iwi mangu ora i te rau tau i ma'iri a'e nei i roto i te tonga o te koraha Sahara. He taputapu ahuwhenua i tahito ra, parau rakau unuhia e kau i muri he hakari ngā rā me ngā taonga, una'una hanga o eponi.

Ahitereiria me Oceania

Kei te nuinga o te taputapu hī me te taputapu hopu, me i ki te Maori te whiwhi ratou ora whakaaturanga Ahitereiria. kua tokomaha Ahitereiria maha, me o peara hauhaketia i te papa moana. Ki te mahi i tenei, i ratou whakaaro motuhake, e kua māngai hoki i roto i te whakaaturanga.

Kunstkamera i St. Petersburg, i tonoa hoki e whakaaturanga i huri noa te ao, whakawhānui tonu ratou te rongo.