Laz-695: whakaritenga me ngā whakaahua. Lineup o Lviv Bus Plant

Lviv Bus Plant whakaturia (Laz) i roto i Haratua 1945. I roto i nga tau kotahi tekau, kua tukua te kamupene cranes me ëtahi motokā. Na ka whakatokia kua te kaha production kua whakawhānui. I roto i te 1956 whakataka atu te tuatahi pahi waitohu Laz-695, he whakaahua o e e te aroaro i runga i te whārangi. ahu e ia he rārangi roa o tauira o ngā take heke mai. Kua pai ake ia whakarereke hou nga tawhā hangarau me te riro maitai atu atu i te mua.

"Magirus" me "Mercedes"

Ka rite ki te tauira mo te hanga o Laz-695 hokona whakamahia noa atu Tiamana "Magirus". Kua te mīhini kua ako i roto i i whakaaro te hoahoa 1955 i te wāhi o te tirohanga o tono hangarau i roto i te whakaminenga nekeneke i roto i te iti kaha o te "ahumahi pereoo" Soviet. I roto i te faaineineraa o Laz-695 pahi production rangatū o waho, me te tono i raraunga waho katoa i "Magirus 'me te tahuhu, tahuhu, me te mana te tipu ki te tuku i tangohia i te pahi German" Mercedes-Benz 321 ". utu waka Tiamana ngāwari te kāwanatanga Soviet no te nekeneke te hauauru tuhituhia atu wawe rawa waka, huri i te tetahi hou. "Magirus", "Neoplan" me "Mercedes-Benz" i hokona mo te tuatoru o te utu, a ka ki nga pahi katoa i roto i te huru pai.

Tīmata o production

ngā Laz-695 i whakaaro nei makona pono, hangaia hoki e rua nga tau, i 1956 ki te 1958. motokā taketake whakamahia i runga i ngā ara tāone, engari reira hohoro ka mārama e kore e whakatau i ona roto nga whakaritenga o te kaha waka pāhihi, he kōpipiri me fiemālie te roto. Laz-695 timata ina tauihi ana i runga i ngā ara whenua, tenei wa whakamatauria kawe rite whakamarie, me te nohopuku. te whakatau tino ona raraunga hangarau nga whāinga o te mahi. I tua atu, i te pahi ki te pai tukua rōpū tūruhi, i neke te motokā ata, mahi waitohu ZIL-124 engine tata muhu ore. I muri mai ngā Laz-695 e kore e e hiahia ana ki te whakapai ake i mahi Center Training Cosmonaut i Baikonur.

i ahua motuhake whakaritenga hangarau mō te pahi. Ko te astronauts i ki te neke i tetahi kōwae ki tetahi, e whai ake nei i te hōtaka whakangungu mua whati-, na i hawhe tukua noatia atu te roto i nohoanga auau, a i whakanohoia i roto i to ratou wahi momo tūru o rererangi i runga i te reira taea ki te takoto.

I tua atu, kei te ngāwari tahuri te roto o te pahi ki te hiahia o nga ratonga hauora whawhati tata. I tāuta te reira i whakaaro mō te aroturuki i te huru whānui o te tinana tangata: electrocardiographs, tonometer ki te ine i ngā taputapu pēhanga mo te whakamātautau toto ohie me te ake. Taua waka serviced e te rōpū o rata i te iwi e toru (i runga i te tauira o te mīhini tāone mua).

Ko te wā Soviet

tonu Lviv Bus Plant ki te whakaputa i te tauira i roto i ngā putanga noa 2006. Kua Kua tonu ake te mīhini, ka puritia te hiahia hoki reira te i te taumata tiketike. i tamau utu pahi i roto i te wa Soviet, a tano ai kiritaki. I mua ki te 1991, te whakahau pera-ka karanga, te kua tohaina i roto i te USSR, i whakaritea mai e te waka pū, tae atu ki ngā pahi. hangarau Utu i hanga e te whakawhiti pēke, me te mahi i muri, tiaki me te hanga e tika ana ki hinonga automotive.

Ko te ōhanga whakaritea o te USSR riro te whanaketanga poua o te ahumahi automotive, a nga pahi pa i taua wa te tuatahi i roto i te rārangi o te hiahia i roto i te ōhanga. pinea etahi tumanako i runga i te tauira Lviv. Heoi, he motokā ki te tuku rima-tere, me rarangi tonu o ngā tūru e kore e pai ki te aratau hihiri o te waka. Me ngā pahi City he fare, me te mana kōwae rawa rite rawa, taunga ki te braking auau, me te whakatū. pūkaha tikanga, te tikanga overheat. Ko hoki te tiketike o te tauira putanga kore tino ōrite ki te kaupapa paerewa i roto i te pa.

nganatanga anō

pahi New haere mai atu te wheketere raina whakaminenga Lviv, tawhā toutou o te tauira taketake, me ngā huringa hoahoa tuwhena kihai i taea. hanga Hoahoa Bureau Laz kua maha ngā whakamātau ki te huri i te roto, engari ko reira māmā ki te hanga i tētahi mīhini "i te wahanga", i te huri i te ngā o te tauira tīariari. Ko te kupu, pahi hou katoa, hangaia i roto i Lvov, whakahaua te nuinga i runga i te mahi rārangi tapa. A i runga i ngā ara tāone i ui ai trolleybuses, i puta nei i te Lviv Automobile Plant i roto i 1963 (i runga i te pūtake o te tinana pahi).

Ko te whakarerekētanga tuatahi

I roto i te Hakihea 1957, whakarewahia production i pahi Laz-695B, he putanga ake o te tauira o mua. Tuatahi o te katoa tāuta i runga i te mīhini hei utu o te actuation whāhauhau aunoa (tatau tuwhera). Ko te kainga rangi taha ki whakamatao te pūkaha, kei muri ka memeha. horomanga rangi Central i te puka o te pere whakanohoia ki runga i te tuanui. Ko te kupu, Kei te nui haere te pai te meangiti, me te puehu taka ki te wehenga pūkaha, he reira nui iti. pāngia nga huringa te waho, me te i roto i mua o te wāhi i waenganui i te tupohehia ka atu hou. Roto, ake tataitia kapa, i whakaarahia ai ki te tuanui, i reira ko tetahi tatau ki te uru i te roto. Series hanga o tenei tauira roa ki 1964. i whakaputaina Tapeke 16 718 waka.

Tukutahi ki te tuku ko 695B whakarereke te whanaketanga o te tauira hou 695E pūkaha waru-puoto ZIL-130. He maha ngā mihini whakamātautau kohia i roto i te 1961, engari ka haere he raupapa o pahi i roto i te 1963, ki whakaputaina 394 anake kape i. Mai April 1964 huihuia te nekeneke roaa i roto i te mana tonu, me te pānga noa te mutunga o te 1969 tuatahi 38 415 695E pahi, o nei 1 346 i tonoa mo te kaweake.

huringa waho i roto i te putanga 695E pa nga haurangi wira, e kua riro te āhua porotaka. Mai i te pahi i tono ZIL-158 i te hub o te auri mua, a muri ki pahu wahia. I runga i te tauira 695E whakamahia tuatahi elektropnevmatiku mo te mana tatau. I runga i te pūtake o te putanga hua 695E pahi Laz "Te Tourist". he pai hoki ngā haerenga roa tenei mīhini.

whakataki o ngā aunoa

I roto i te 1963, kua whakaputaina Laz whakato ano tetahi atu whakarerekētanga - 695ZH. whakahaere te mahi i roto i te mahi tata ki a matou, ara, te pokapū rangahau o tuku aunoa. I roto i te taua tau i whakarewahia ai hanga o pahi ki te tuku aunoa. Heoi, i runga i te rua tau i muri mai, te whakahaere matou ki te kohikohi i te katoa o 40 taua wae o Laz-695, aru e te tuku o te tauira whakamātautau kua mutu.

Ko te whanaketanga o te tuku aunoa muri whai hua mō ngā pahi tāone, hangaia LiAZ i Likino-Dulyovo Moscow rohe.

Ao hou, o tauira tīariari

Hanganga o akatuke'anga hou o pahi Lviv Automobile tonu, a i roto i 1969 whakataka atu te Laz-695M. I rerekē i ngā tauira o mua o te puka hou o nga matapihi me te kāhua te motokā. i whakaurua mōhiti ki te whakatuwheratanga matapihi, kahore papa konumohe takawaenga. I whakakorea te reira i te horomanga rangi rangatōpū i runga i te tuanui, hei utu o te wehenga pūkaha i te pakitara taha he Kosi poutū. Mai 1973, whakaturia he pahi i awhi ake whirihoranga Kōmāmā. pāngia nga huringa te pūnaha whakapau - ngā ki te puta auahi kotahi te rua. He poto i 100 mm me te taimaha nui haere aukati i te tinana pahi.

production rangatū o Laz-695M roa hoki e whitu nga tau, a i roto i taua wa i tukua ai neke atu i te 52 mano pahi, 164 o nei i tonoa mo te kaweake.

"Patereareha" i roto i te whānau Laz ki toru tekau nga tau o te wheako

ka te whakarereke atu o te tauira taketake ki taupū pahi 695N, e kua he motokā whānui, me te whakangungu rakau o runga mua, a muri tatau tino kotahi, me Papatohu hou ki te ōrite tere, me pūoko kiato. i te aroaro nga Momo i roto i 1969, engari i roto i te hanga papatipu o tenei tauira kua haere anake i roto i te tau 1976. hua e ahau ngā pahi mō te toru tekau tau, tae noa ki 2006.

695N rerekē putanga i muri i te huinga tōmua o rama, tupohehia, tahuri tohu, stopsignalami me ētahi atu pūrere marama. rite rawa te tauira i ki te pao nui i roto i te mua o te tinana, i roto i te take o te roopu hōia o pahi ki te whakamahi hei waka tūroro. I roto i te whakarara ki te putanga 695N i tukua i runga i te maha iti o pahi 695R, āhuatanga e whakamarie tiketike, tūru ngawari me te puku tatau rua.

putanga hau

I roto i te 1985, Lviv Bus Plant Whakarerekētanga Laz-695NG, e rere ki runga ki i tukua hau māori. ipurau Metal, ki te tu tenge ake ki 200 atmospheres, whakanohoia i roto i te rarangi i runga i te tuanui, te wahi muri. Ko te hau e tomo te reducer, whakaiti pēhanga, ka i konatunatua ki te rangi, me te ngote i te ranunga ki te pūkaha. riro pahi i raro i te 695NG tohu rongonui i roto i te 90 tau, ka wahia te raruraru hinu i roto i te rohe o te USSR mua. Mai i te kore o te wahie pāngia a Laz whakato. Ukraine rite te katoa ite hoki te kore o te wahie, na maha kamupene waka i roto i te whenua whakawhiti ratou pahi i runga i te hau, i nui iti atu te penehīni.

Laz ko Chernobyl

I roto i te puna o 1986, i muri i te aituā Chernobyl, i roto i nga awheawhe o Lviv Automobile wawe spetsavtobus i hanga Laz-692 i roto i te nui o te maha kape tatini. Ko te mīhini whakamahia ki te whakatahi iwi i te rohe o te mate, me te tuku ki ngā tohunga. tiakina te pahi i ki whārangi mata huri noa te paenga, e rua-hautoru o te matapihi, rawa, katia mata. Ko te spetslyuki tuanui i hanga mo te rangi e purea. I muri, nga waka katoa i whai wāhi i roto i te toremi o aituā i te tipu, me te tuku o rite i kāore mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga noa e tika ki te radiation contamination ratou.

engines diesel

I roto i te 1993, i te wheketere Lviv i roto i te whakamātau tamata matou ki te whakaturia te pahi Laz-695 engine diesel D-6112 i te pūngao-kukū anuhe tarakihana T-150. te tikanga pai nga hua i, engari rere pūkaha tika atu i runga i diesel, kua mohio e SMD-2,307 (Kharkov tipu "Hammer me toronaihi"). Otiia ngā tonu, a i roto i 1995 i roto i te production rangatū i whakarewahia pahi rawa Laz-695D te ki te engine diesel D-245 Minsk Motor Plant.

Dnipro tipu

He tau i muri mai, kua oti radically waihanga te kaupapa, me rite ki te hua i reira ko 695D11 putanga, i huaina "Tanya".

Whakarerekē whakaputaina i roto i te wā iti noa 2002, me i 2003 i whakawhitia ki te whakato whakaminenga pahi i roto i te Dneprodzerzhinsk. Production tonu ki te whakatū i tētahi wahi hou kihai i taea, ka rite ki te tukanga i runga i rua matua, i mawhiti tuatahi, te production tino rerekē. e kore e pai i nga wa katoa te tinana mōmona Laz pahi ki te anga o welders 'Dneprovtsa "ka hanga i tenei te tahi mau fifi. Ua tupu te reira ara etahi rama Laz pahi atu te utu, i kohia nei i roto i Dneprodzerzhinsk, ahakoa ko te kounga hanga i roto i te nuinga o te wā tino. Ka rite ki te hua, kua mara te te toenga o te utu me te kounga atu, a ka timata te hanga o mihini ki te riro whakauka.

Ko te rapu mō rongoā ao

Hoahoa Office Lviv Automobile rapu kōwhiringa mō ngā whanaketanga hou. Neke atu i te te wā katoa o te hanga i te Lviv Bus Plant whakamātau e rave rahi mau taime ki te waihanga i tētahi Laz ao, e taea te whakamahi e rua i roto i te pa, me te i runga i ara ao. Heoi, e kore e whakaaetia te pau o te pāhihi waka ki te mahi i tenei. I roto i te roa-hao Me whakamarie, me te huru reka motuhake i roto i te pahi rerenga iwi. I te ara tāone, pāhihi tomo me te waiho, te ra tae mai te motokā i te torutoru rau iwi. Na reira, ki te kawe mai huihuia e rua aratau ritenga o te mahi e kore i taea, a ka tonu te whakato ki te whakaputa i te maha akatuke'anga wā kotahi.

Laz tenei ra

I te wa i runga i nga rori o te mua Soviet Union taea te whakatau i te pahi tipu Lviv tata akatuke'anga katoa. whakaurunga hanga pai puta noa i te wā production, mai 1955, kua awhinatia ki te pupuri i tokomaha o nga waka e i roto i te huru pai. Laz tawhitotia ētahi tauira, me e whakamahia rite waka pŭpŭ tauturu i roto i ngā ahumahi.

E whakawete maha tinana pani - ki te tango i te pūkaha me te tahuhu te hautoa. utu te reira i te ahumahi automotive o te wā Soviet, ka i tuhituhia nga Munuwao pahi atu, me to ratou whakarau kahore tetahi i hiahia. puaki ana te ōhanga mākete nga ture, e pea atu ki taka ki roto ki te ringa o tangata tūmataiti, a ka whiwhi i te ora tuarua mīhini tuhituhia-atu. A no te mea te rauemi o waka nekeneke whakaputaina i roto i te USSR, kua roa nui kua, e taea hoki te roa tenei "te ora tuarua".

Kei te haere Lviv Bus Plant roto i nga wa pakeke, mutu te nekeneke matua i roto i 2013, he tokomaha āpiti me kamupene e pā ana pangia whakahaerenga kaihau. Mai i te hua ka whakawhirinaki ki runga ki te oraraa o te Laz Company. Tuhinga hoki taumira pai o te āhuatanga uaua rawa fakatu'atamaki. O te faufaa rahi no te hinonga whakaora angitu i āhuatanga tōrangapū kainga i roto i Ukraine, Heoi, e te mea kahore he pūmautanga.