Leh Valensa: biography, te utuafare, ngā mahi tōrangapū, tohu

Leh Valensa (whanau 09/29/43 i Popowo, Poland) - he ngā nei i tauturu puka me arahina (1980-90), te uniana hokohoko motuhake tuatahi o te Polish hapori "Siulaí". Ko te rangatira whai mana ka o mirioni o kaimahi Polish peresideni (1990-95). I roto i te 1983 riro ia te Nobel te rangimarie paraihe.

Leh Valensa: biography

I roto i te Tama'i Rahi II o te Ao i roto i nohoia Poland Walesa papa Boleslav te aroaro o te whanau o Lech i interned ia i roto i te puni mahi i roto i te 1945, ka mate o te rohirohi, a riro te patu i mua i tae ratou 34 nga tau. Tona whaea, a Pirika te mana nui i runga i tana tama. mahara e te tohunga, rohe ia rite te "wahine whakaaro nui mai."

Walesa ko he tauira kāre o te kura pāriha, me ka puta i te āhua kura umanga i Lipno, te wahi motuhake ia hiko. PF 1961 ki te 1965 mahi ia i te pokapū o te mahi o te nekeneke waka.

Hoki e rua nga tau i mahi ia i roto i te ope, i reira riro ia te ana'iraa o Corporal.

Electricians wāhi hanga

I roto i te 1967, tīmata leh Valensa mahi hei hiko i te hanga kaipuke nui. Lenin i Gdańsk. I roto i te 1970 ite ia koroke kai i roto i i patua pirihimana e rave rahi demonstrators. A, no te timata mautohe hou ki te kaiārahi hapori o Poland i 1976, ka puta ia hei ngā uniana anti-kāwanatanga, hua i roto i te mahi ngaro.

I roto i August 1980, ka taupokina te hanga kaipuke Gdansk i e whakahe, meinga e utu kai aranga, piki leh Valensa runga te taiepa, a honoa nga kaimahi i roto i te hinonga, e whiriwhiria ia kia rite ki te matenga o te komiti patu, mana ki te whiriwhiri ki te kau taki o te hanga kaipuke.

I muri 3 ra te titauraa i whakaaetia, engari ka nga kaimahi a Tūrongo, i te tahi atu tipu ka ui Gdansk Lech ki tonu i te patu, ia tonu whakaae. arahina e ia nga aro interplant, mau mai i tahi hinonga i te rohe o Gdansk-Sopot-Gdynia. hoatu e te Komiti i mua i te maha o titauraa tōrangapū maia, tae atu i te tika ki te patu me te hanganga o ngā uniana free, a ka karangatia te patu whānui. Wehi i te maunu rongonui, kua kīia mana hapori nga titauraa matua o nga kaimahi, me i August 31, i hainatia ai he kawenata hoatu ratou te tika ki te whakarite i noa, me te takitahi. I tae te hainatanga e Mechislav Yagelsky, Tuatahi Tuarua Pirimia o Poland, ko leh Valensa. Kua puta ke ano haurongo o te rangatira o te kaupapa hokohoko uniana: i whakahokia ana i roto i te hanga kaipuke Gdansk ka ahu te Ruruku Kōmihana Matua.

mana

Kia, i roto i te whakautu ki tenei whakaaetanga nui e pā ana ki 10 miriona kaimahi Polish me kaimahi piri uniana semiautonomous, i puta ke komiti patu Interfactory ki te National Federation o Kauae Kaimahi ki Walesa rite tona Tiamana, me te Tumuaki māngai. I roto i te Oketopa, ka mana mohio te "o Siulaí," hokohoko uniana i te kāwanatanga Polish, arahina e te Federation me te Lech i roto i te riri ki te mana, iti te kaha o te wawaotanga hōia Soviet.

Leh Valensa: Nobel

whakamatauria Rangitahi Federation wikitoria. I roto i te Hakihea 1981, hoatu te kāwanatanga Polish i raro i te ture hōia, tomokanga "Siulaí" te me te nuinga o ona kau taki i mauheretia, tae atu leh Valensa, tona haurongo taonga tau i roto i te whare herehere. i maui ia i roto i te 1983 Nobel te rangimarie paraihe kua whakahē e te kāwanatanga Polish. Wehi i te whakarau e hiahiatia, noho ia i roto i Poland, ko tana wahine, Danuta Walesa, haere ki Oslo, Norway, ki te whakaae i te tohu i runga i mo tona.

wikitoria pōti

Ka rite ki te rangatira o te kaupapa raro "Siulaí", i waiho i raro Walesa ki te inonotitanga tamau noa taua wa rite tetahi ino i roto i ngā āhuatanga ōhanga, me te poipoi hou o te mahi pōuri i roto i te tau 1988 i akina atu te kāwanatanga Polish kore ki te whiriwhiri tahi ia me ētahi atu feia faatere o te uniana. Ratou hua ko te kawenata, e whakahoutia nei i mana ture o "Siulaí" ka fakangofua ia pōtitanga utu mo te iti te maha o nga wahi i roto i te faaho'ihia mai whare runga o Pāremata. I roto i te Pipiri 1989, kua riro te kaupapa te nuinga o enei wahi nui, a i muri i paopao Walesa te tono ki te hanga i te kāwanatanga whakakotahi ki te Kominiusi, i takoha Paremata ki whakaaetia te Rünanga Käwanatanga o Minita i raro i te ārahitanga o "Siulaí", ahakoa kihai ia ki te hei tona rangatira, Pirimia.

Upoko o te kāwanatanga

I roto i te 1989, i āwhina Walesa tona hoa uniana Tadeusz Mazowiecki hei pirimia o tenei kāwanatanga, engari ua faaite tona kaitono ki a ia mo te peresideni i roto i te tau 1990, ka riro te tika tuatahi pōtitanga peresideniraa i roto i Poland i te nuinga rawa.

Ka rite ki Polish te peresideni Walesa i āwhina ki te pupuri pōtitanga pāremata noa i roto i te 1991, ka tangohia e wahi i roto i te huringa o te ōhanga ā-motu ki te mākete noa. whakakitea e ia ngā pūkenga tōrangapū fakaofo rite te rangatira o "Siulaí", engari kua takahi tona uiraa ohie, kāhua confrontational me te kore ki te noho i te here nui i runga i materoto tana rongonui i te mutunga o te tikanga i roto i te tari. I roto i te 1995, whai wāhi ia i roto i te pōtitanga, engari i patua e kominiusi mua Aleksandra Kvasnevskogo, upoko o te Democratic Alliance Mauī. Kia ano rere Walesa mō te peresideni i roto i te 2000, engari riro he hautanga anake o te pōti. I te 1997 i whakaturia e ia, a haere he rōpū tōrangapū "Karaitiana manapori III Republic o Poland."

Unu i tōrangapū

Ka rite ki te hua o te mate o 2000 ua faaite Walesa tona whakatānga i tōrangapū. I muri, tukua putia ia te nuinga o tona wa e mahi ana i te paari i roto i tona ake ingoa, i whakaturia e ia i roto i 1995 ki te ueue i ngā mōhiohio i runga i te whakatutukitanga o te "o Siulaí,", whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te te manapori me te hanga o te hapori ā-i roto i Poland me i te ao.

I roto i August 2006, kua kauwhautia Walesa tona whakatānga i te uniana hokohoko motuhake i roto i te tautohe i tona tautoko mo te rōpū tikanga ana "te Matau me te tika» (PiS), me te Lech ko Yaroslava Kachinskih, te teina māhanga, e tū kotahi te wahi nui i roto i te "o Siulaí, "a ka peresideni me pirimia, aua. E ai ki a ia, kua meinga te whakahaere he manene ki a ia, ko reira te tahi atu kowhiria, kua puta ke te raruraru me te iwi. I roto i ngā, whakahē ia te iwi tango Kaczynski e pā ana ki te tikanga hapori o mua, me te whakamātau ki te whakaputa i ngā rārangi o ngā kaimahi PiS-era pirihimana ngaro, Poland.

Mai 2004, mahi reira Gdansk rererangi Lech Wałęsa. Kei tapawhā me ara ko i te honore o te rangatira o mua o "Siulaí", i roto i te United States, Canada ko France. I te 2009 ko ia he pou i roto i te Alley o nga toa Polish Nobel.

I roto i 1981, "Time", ka e ia te Pou tuatahi ki te kia whakawhiwhia te taitara o "te tangata o te Tau" makasiní. Mai Kuini Elizabeth II ringa i whakawhiwhia leh Valensa te taitara o Mema hōnore o te Order o te Patehepa. whakawhiwhia hoki maha whakahau me mētara o whenua ke, i roto i te Vol. H. peresideniraa Medal o te tauatāina United States, te French Rihiona o Honor, te Order o "Kaiaka o te Italian Republic", te Order Swedish o te herapima, te Order Danemaka o te Elefani, te Order Finnish o te White Rose, te Order Portuguese o Liberty me te Infante mau horo'araa e Enrike, te Order Norwegian o St. Olav, Order Iukereiniana o Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo, te Order Czech o te raiona White, te Order "hoki Kaiaka o te Federal Republic o Germany", te Order Chilean o Kaiaka, te op Estonian ene Cross Meri Whenua, UNESCO mētara me ētahi atu.

ora whaiaro

Whiringa 8, 1969 leh Valensa marenatia Danuta Golos. Bogdan (1970), Slawomir (1972), Przemyslaw (1974), Jaroslav (1976), Magdalena (1979), Anna (1980), Maria-Victoria (1982) ko Brigid (1985): 8 tamariki i te tokorua. ka Yaroslav Valensa ano he kaitōrangapū, a ko te mema o te Pāremata i te 2005-2009, a i roto i 2009 i pōtitia ki te Pākehā Pāremata.

I roto i te 2008, i mahi Lech Walesa stenting te AVC me pacemaker tāuta.

māngai Bolek

No te tekau tau, i te peresideni o mua o Poland, i te whakapanga i te meka e i roto i te 1970 ko ia he kōrero mo te mahi ngaro hapori, i roto i te i te noa'tu o tona riria categorical me te whakatau o te marae motuhake i roto i 2000, te faaoreraa ia te reira o utu o te mahi tahi. Heoi, ka whakatika ano te hype e karapoti ana i enei whakapae i roto i te 2008. Na ka ka whakaputaina te pukapuka, te whakatangihanga a te hero ko leh Valensa. roa- rangatira haurongo uniana i ngā meka e tohu e i 1970 ki te 1976 mahi ia hei mahi ratonga haumaru i raro i te codename Bolek. I whakaarahia ano te take i roto i te Hui-tanguru 2016, ka haere atu te Institute o National Remembrance, hangaia ki te tūhura i te wā Nasí ko Kominiusi i Poland, i te pouaru o te Minita o mua o Taiwhenua o rauemi, rite ki nei Walesa ko te kaiwhāki o ratonga haumaru. I roto i te tahi atu mea, kua kitea taua mea ki te mahi ki te Kaunihera Haumarutanga, hanga tona ringa he rihīti mo te moni, take tūmataiti me ngā pūrongo i runga i te mahi kaihoko ngaro Bolek. Leh Valensa ia kapea e te tūponotanga o te pono o ngā tuhinga me te whakaaro e reira i taea te ngā tuhi murua i a ia i roto i te rapu.