Mahi Rawa raruraru o Lermontov. Famous mahi M. Yu. Lermontova

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov - punake ahurei. E mea uaua ki te kitea te tangata e kore he mōhio ki te mahi a Lermontov nei. Whakarārangi ratou tino nui, i ngā rārangi whiti, "mate o te Poet" me "Borodino" (ako i te kura) ki te hui nui mō te tuhinga Russian o te rau tau XIX - te pūrākau "He Hero o to tatou anotau".

Ki te whakawakia i runga i te auahatanga, e kore ahau e taea e whakapono te whakarau o e tukua ki a ia tau e 27 anake o te ora. Heoi, kua tukua tona taranata, ka arotahi ki auaha kore tenei tangata i ora roa, engari te ora kanapa, ki te riro i te classic e mōhiotia ana. Famous mahi o Lermontov, rite te whakaata, whakaata tona ora, tona matauranga whakaraupapahia ita o ratou wahi i roto i te ao, me tona iku'anga ake.

He aha koe e taea e titau i te tangata e i roto i 1830 tohu te hurihanga o te Hiha i te "tau mangu"? Ko wai e matau ana aha i te wa o tona matenga (i roto i te a Tūkorehu i roto i te maunga) ohorere pakaru ki te tupuhi e wehingia ana?

Pushkin ko Lermontov ...

Ko ia te tangata e i roto i 1837, i muri i te matenga o Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina, "te rohipehe tuatahi o te Russian Parnassus", hoatu whenua ki ite me matau katoa o hono to'utangatá, e kore i takoto kau tenei wahi. Ehara i hoki roa, Heoi, puritia ia reira ki runga ki te Tūkorehu mate i roto i te tau 1841. Rawa i kitea raruraru nga mahi a Lermontov i hono to'utangatá. Ki te huaina e Alexander Sergeyevich Vissarion Belinsky "te pehe o te mau mana'o i roto o te wairua", i whanau tuatahi i roto i te ua, me te ka maringi ki te hapori nei whakaaro, te Mikhail Yurevich - he rohi pehe, he pāpori hāngai, maha tango hoki te pene i raro i te mana o ngā tino i roto i Russia.

Ko te tuakiri rerekē o Pushkin me Lermontov?

Ki te hanga e te ao o te taitama Pushkin i roto i te tika pai, pūmautanga pāpori i roto i te kingitanga o Hiha Alexander ahau, ka hoatu e take ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te viivii ore o te ariki, a ki ngā ariā hapori nui o te rohi pehe ka haere mai anake i roto i o ratou thirties wawe, te kore te take ki te outlook Mikhail Yurevich. whakarato tatou ha faingamālie ki te matapaki i ngā take hoki o nga mahi a Lermontov. I muri kua whakawhanakehia tona tuakiri i raro i te kingitanga Ngātuere, o Nicholas I. Engari o ki ite te take whāinga nei i kawe mai ki te kaumatua Square Decembrists (te tikanga i te tākiekina fakamele'i i te pāpori Russian o serfdom me, i runga i, te backwardness pāpori-ōhanga o te whenua),-kua emepera hanga te he gendarme inä tikanga tāmitanga. Ko te pā ana ki te au maite oto tuhituhi Lermontov i te hapori Russian.

Ite i te riria motuhake ki te kaupapa here reactionary, te makanga o te mana whakaitinga o te iwi - he tino raruraru o nga mahi a Lermontov.

Ko te wā tuatahi o te auaha Lermontov

Ka taea te wehea Creativity Lermontov ki toru ngā wāhanga.

Ko te wā tuatahi (i 1828 ki te 1832) te āhuatanga e te mārama ia peehia o George Gordon Byron. Ko reira ki ua tenei nui Lermontov Ingarangi kotahitanga fakalaumālie whaiaro.

i Byron i te muri a'ei o te French Revolution, i te wa o te huringa tuwhena, te ara, me te tiango o te Hiha Napoleon State. pehe Russian - i waenganui i tauhohenga tutu i muri i te pehanga o te whakatikanga ake o nga Decembrists: nga tama pai o te fatherland kua mahi ana, whakaraua, herea.

Ko te faitatau o Lermontov ko Byron

kaitito rua piri whakakeke wairua, wairua te pehi. Whakaae, e kore te oaoa kaupapa i roto i te mahi o Lermontov, e kore te romance taitamariki ngākau nui i roto i te wā wawe o te auahatanga he tino. Ehara i na roto i te tupono noa whakarite nga kaitito i faahitihia ratou ki oko rere teiti hoki ki te moana, ki te paroro (Lermontov - "Lone White Sail ..." Byron - "wahine haké i roto o Ingarangi").

ruri o Byron (rite te pai kia rite ki te mahi a Lermontov), kia rite ki te āhuatanga homai ki a ratou e Belinsky, ko te karanga mo te awhina o te toa, otiia e kore e tangi inoi, me te sniskhodyaschim. Ka taea e tetahi ite i te hohonu o te mau mana'o, me te mamae o te rohi pehe-tangata, me te apo mo herekore. Peehia o Ariki Byron, te kaiwaiata o te haere noa, i āwhina Mikhail Yurevich ako ki te tuhituhi mārama, fakanatula hopu, ngākau. Na, i roto i ona tito takina hohonu Byron. Tātaritanga o nga mahi a Lermontov, e faaite i te paari o te whakaaro, hanga ana e ia taea ki te whakapapa ratou consonance ki te rārangi o te Briton nui. Ka rite ki Byron, ia kanohi ngakau katahi anō tona whakatupuranga, i kurua e te tauhohenga e kua kahore heke mai (Lermontov - "Duma", Byron - "Childe Harold o noho manene ai").

Mikhail, o te akoranga, e kumea ki ia kaupapa me whakapakoko, a kei rahi mau maheni ki nga mahi o era atu kaitito nui pērā i Goethe me Pushkin. Heoi, ko reira te faufaa ai'a o te Briton nui, e kore e tika tutaki ia, engari whakawhiti hoki ( "Hiperu Melody", "mate ka Gladiator"). I tua atu, pai-mohiotia hua o te wā Lermontov ngā maha peehia ( "Orama", "te pee Byron," "Po").

I te mutunga o tenei wā, haere mai te rohipehe i te ara o te peehia o nga Talafungani Ingarihi, a ka kia aru e atu i tona ake ara whiti. I runga i tenei taumata i roto i tona mahi, i tuhituhi e ia rawa mārama: "No, e kore ahau e ahau Byron, ahau - te tahi atu ..."

hanganga anō pai ai whiti

tohua te wā tuarua o tona whiti e tona nekehanga ki St Petersburg me tomo tauira hōia kaieke hoiho kura me kara. I runga i te mahana o tona akoranga, tuhituhia ana e ia te pehepehe i runga "Sail", ka te faataoto kitea i roto i tona mahi. A hoatu ana e ia te tika ki fakaangá tuhituhi tautohe e kore e mahi rongonui a Lermontov i roto i tona akoranga hanga. oti rawa katoa a te tangata Young Junker inuinu.

Ko te okotahi ko, pea, te ruri "ahau, te Mother o te Atua, i teie nei ki te inoi." Engari o te tukuna, hussar whakahari hoa 'tono' whiti ope. Lermontov tuhituhi tino ore rhymed pa ngahau, waiata o tepu-parirau, me te te mea ki te kore whakaaro. Heoi, ko te taketake o te manawataki me te au maite, te hou, me te tika o rotarota, te reo matatini me te kāhua te kupu whakarite, e heheu te tātaritanga o nga mahi a Lermontov o tenei wā, arahi ki te mutunga - he rohi pehe tino i hanga i mua ia tatou. A i roto i te tikanga ki te tautuhi i te reira, e hiahia ana matou he whakamātautau nui.

"Kua ohorere te pahųtanga o tona taranata rite te rama ..."

Na tupu te taua he kaupapa fakamamahi e ngaueue te āhua katoa o Mikhail Yurevich. News, faafariu reira i hussar wairangi i roto i te ngakau mana'o te tangata, he kaikaranga o te tika, i whakamōhiotia o te mate o Pushkin. i mate Lermontov ka i mōhio ia e pā ana ki tenei mate. I te wa ano reira, e mana'o te ati mō Russia tenei wāhi, riri ki te matua, e ki maha ngā mema o te hapori tiketike whakatika te kaikohuru Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina - Georges d'Anthes.

Whakamārama ki te hanga o "te mate o te punake"

i riri Lermontov ka ringihia "kawa o ngakau," e he. E. e ongo'i runga i te pepa ... ko reira te putanga pahara o te hua. Kua kore ano i tuhituhia te reira 16 ngā rārangi ... Otira ka ka tīmata Nikolai Stolypin (whanaunga i te taha o toku whaea), he tautohe tūmatanui ki te pehe, ka anga ki te tautohetohe me te whakamatau e Dantes - te tika tangata me te peihana tika o te manawanui o Lermontov i pau, a ka whakaatu ia he whanaunga mo te paepae . Na ka haere ahau ki te tari, ka noho iho i tona tēpu, ka ringihia a ahi ..., whiua te aho: "A koe, uri whakakake ..."

Ko to te mauahara me te aroha i roto i te mahi o Lermontov kua kore whakatangi na pakeke! Ko te mahi i homai ki whakaoho ake Russia ... Ko te taunakitanga o rongo ana i roto i te puke, a ka te marae.

Ko te tohutoro tuatahi ki te Caucasus

Power i runga i te wae gendarmerie ( "kākahu puru"), kua roa riri mahi a Lermontov. mārama roto Rārangi o tangata hārakiraki tona ingoa. Na i whakaritea whakamatauria e kore waho nga ravea ngaro o te gendarmerie i tona Tūkorehu mate ki Martynov.

Heoi, ka rere matou i mua o ratou tohenga ... Kia tatou hoki ki te 1937, ki te tauhohenga te mana 'ki te maau "mate o te punake." Nicholas ahau kaha kinongia Lermontov me fakatāutaha arataki i te pakeke o tona whiu.

i whakawhitia Mikhail ki te mahi i roto i te Caucasus. Ko te hono tuatahi o te rohi pehe, e, Heoi, whakawhetai ki te mau tautooraa o toku kuia me ona whanaunga i roto i te marama kua tino whakaitia ka roa marama i te torutoru anake.

"Tauhou" me "Demon"

Tenei tīmata tuatoru o tona pukenga auaha te wā. Ko te ongo riro e te āhua mīharo o maunga kitea i roto i nga karaipiture muri o te rohi pehe. kua ka Nā ki te hono Lermontov roto tamarikitanga Russian ahu whakamua te whai ake nui. A, no te hoki ia ki a St. Petersburg, i roto i reira te salons i faataahia ia te tūranga o te raiona pāpori. i rapu i roto i rotarota te kawa putu. Hangaia e Mikhail he "tauhou" me "Demon". toa New o nga mahi a Lermontov, faauruhia e te mau faaiteraa o te Caucasus rata ana te kaipānui tona Charisma, hiahia hoki haere noa me te tino o te wairua.

Mō maau "Mtsyri" ...

I roto i te kōrero mahi hanga whakaraua Georgians Circassian tauhou te maia me te pau ki te mawhiti, a mo nga ra e toru e ngana ana ki te tiki atu i tana mea i whai ra. A i runga i tona wha, pau, ko wai te mea e pā ana ki ki te mate, engari haurangi kakara o te haere noa, tukua hoki - ki te ohu whakapono.

Belinsky whakapono e haamata Mtsyri image kaipānui ki te mau raruraru ngā mahi a Lermontov. Tenei whakapakoko tuhituhi kaha, me te mārama o te tangata taitama nei rere "i roto i te haora e wehingia ana", "tupuhi", ka te era katoa, pau ki te wehi, i "raro i te aata", engari i te wa taua "iho e takoto ana i runga i te whenua," tika i roto i te take i kiia ai te tāmi, kerite , repressive huru pāpori, me te tōrangapū o Russia i te timatanga o te rau tau XIX.

Tātaritanga o nga mahi a Lermontov, kia rite ki te kaiwānanga tuhituhi Belinsky, i roto i te wahi whakaatu ratou whakapakoko pokapū o te tuakiri o te rohi pehe.

Mārama ngā rārangi o te manawataki, he mea patu iambic tetrameter maau "Mtsyri", tino he mau hopearaa rime tautāne, whakaata he taonga e rua o ngā pikitia o te ao i waho, me te paihere katoa o mana'o o te protagonist: hepohepo, kare, faaotiraa aueue ore, te aroha, pouri ngawari. I roto i tenei rotarota rawa kitea rite te tauihu āhuatanga o mo'emo'e i roto i nga mahi toi o Lermontov.

a Lermontov "Demon"

Tenei kaupapa o te noho motuhake tuakiri auaha kitea e tona whanaketanga arorau i roto i te whakapakoko o te rewera, te hero taketake o te rotarota Lermontov. Ko te kōwhiringa o te whakapakoko pokapū o te hua tohu te tāpiritanga ki reira o te tikanga hinengaro, me te pāpori motuhake. e kore ia e noa i tona āhua rawa te ritenga atu o nga uara o te piha haapiiraa pule, engari ko te "kingi o hinengaro me te haere noa." Te reira i Mikhail e te pato'iraa dialectic ki te taitamarikitanga o te rau tau XIX te kāwanatanga whakaitinga mīhini tuakiri. Miramira tenei, e kore e tatou noa korero e pā ana ki te mokemoke i nga mahi o Lermontov.

Kei te tāmau kē te reira i roto i te pehepehe i te kaituhi o te kaupapa, ite pakeke e whakakahore a kino katoa e pā ana ki te tikanga sino ao, ko reira kino, arata'i te reira ki te kore noa iho i roto. Ko te ati o "Demon" a Lermontov ko ki te whakakapi a ratou uara mure ore o "aroha, te maitai me te ataahua" ratou whakapakoko contrived pipiri. Ka rite ki te mea i matara atu i te iwi! Te āhua i te ao i roto ki a ia ake nui atu i te he rota "mamae ereraa, mahi me tukinotanga o tangata mano." arata'i tenei ki raruraru aronganui, a rite he putanga - i roto i te matenga o tona rangatira - Tamara, aru kupu Demon "he ki tonu i te mau faahemaraa." te Demoni ia, me te ki te whakatau ki te kotiro, ko te mea hanga ke ki te tatarahapa me te whai wāhitanga.

Tātaritanga o nga mahi a Lermontov tuhituhia i muri, te manuwhiri i whakaatu te roha o te mahara, ki te haumi i roto i a ratou, na reira, e whakaatu nei ki te kukuwhatanga o tona huru taata.

Ko te aroha i roto i te mahi o Lermontov

Ko te kaupapa o te aroha i roto i nga mahi o Lermontov oro tiketike, me te tōna iere-fakamamahi. Kia aroha mai, i mahue te tuakiri o Mikhail Yurevich kua he ōhakitia taimaha o tona aroha, whaiāipo mo Varenka Lopukhina. Hea kihai atu, tangata taitamariki iti-wahi, e te rapu i tangohia i te riri rerekē, ko Lermontov o faufaa taketake - "! Katoa ranei kahore". A, ia Barbara noho tona hoa taiva ore, me te pukuaroha, kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro, engari he punake, o te akoranga, e ahau atu hiahia ...

Whakawa i te rotarota Lermontov te aroha - te marama, tiketike, engari ko reira, whaiāipo. Na reira, ko te whakaahuatanga o nga mahi a Lermontov i ngā fakaangá tuhituhi arahina ratou ki te mutunga taua: ko reira - he rohi pehe o te aroha me te pouri. Ahakoa i roto i nga mahi taumauri o Mikhail Yurevich, hei tauira, kitea i roto i te pehepehe "Duma" ko te tumu o te aroha. A ara etahi - tino tika! Whakarongo ki te himene o te irava anake, "ka kino matou, a aroha ana tatou i te tupono noa ..."

tupuna e fakapotopoto 'o te rohi pehe e mohio reira nui atu i te tangata, kua kite i te huru motuhake o tona mokopuna ki tenei mana'o - tino, kahore semitones. whakaatu i te pehe e e reira he "tetahi ora", me te tangata ia i hanga tuatahi mo te ora i roto i te koreutu, o te oaoa, me te koa. E ai ki tona whakapono, aroha pono e kore e taea e te whenua, kia waiho ai ōrite ki he fiefia ta'engatá. Heroes o nga mahi a Lermontov, ara i roto i te aroha, whakamoemiti aroha i runga i tona huru ( "e kore ahau i hoki iho ki a koutou").

Unique Ko te tikanga o te ariā o te oaoa Mihailom Yurevichem. Taua he whakamāramatanga, pea, i taea e anake hoatu reira ... kaipānui whakaaro nei he hiahia i roto i te kaupapa te oaoa o nga mahi a Lermontov, ka kitea i te reira i roto i te "Hero o to tatou anotau": "oaoa ko te whakapehapeha kukū!" Enei kupu matau te rohipehe tenei āhua o te tangata, ina riro te reira i roto i te hari me te pouri mo tetahi atu taonga.

Kua hanga tona perfectionism kāhua o te aroha whiti o te Lermontov motuhake - ki ātete te tino everydayness hina hanga ao pohewa o te rohi pehe. Ko reira e taea te kite i tenei ariā auaha i roto i te pehepehe "Sonnet", "Valerik".

mutunga

whakaata Āhuatanga o nga mahi a Lermontov tona mahi taitahi-hanga. Kua kī te reira i rite te auaha, counterweight wä ki te kaupapa here o te tāmitanga kawea atu e Emperor Nicholas I.

Kei roto ngā rārangi o Lermontov me whakakorehanga o te kāwanatanga ngā, me whakaaro huritao tino mamae e pā ana ki te heke mai o Russia. whakapakoko motuhake (pūāhua) kei roto i nga mahi o Lermontov, reira, i ata korero, ki te hanga o haamata tenei tohu Russian matarohia.

I te wa ano pānga te hohonu o te mōhio o te rohi pehe-tau 27-tau o te ao, a ki konei - te momo o ngā kaupapa o Lermontov: whakaaro huritao i runga o nga whakatupuranga, te mokemoke me te whakapehapeha, e kore ïa hahakitanga, ngā hononga raruraru o te rohi pehe, me te hapori i te whakarau.

kua tona tuakiri taketake, me te kore paerewa-kua ka tonu te mea ngaro.