MANPADS "Igla": āhuatanga, whakaahua, tono

Kua i roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao rererangi mana mo te whare matakitaki o te whawhai i faufaa. E haere tahi Modern ngā mahi nui hōia i te whakamahi o rau o rererangi, tae atu unmanned. Hei ātete i te riri o te rangi whakamahia pūnaha rangi korero me te pere korero, e rere rite ki te parau tumu o te mahi, te pūtoro whai hua, me te tohu o te nekeneke. I roto i te 70 tau, hangaia he nui whānui pūnaha korero rangi kawe te kuhu ki te ātete i te huaki rawa rererangi rauhanga, i reira māngai e topatopa whakaeke, rererangi, whakaeke rererangi me UAVs.

I runga i te Army Russian ngā o MANPADS "Igla". Tenei patu he pai nui, whakapumautia e te wheako o te whakamahi whawhai (pera tawhiti anake ope ke), e mea ohie ki te whakamahi, pono, rahi āhua iti, me te taimaha.

MANPADS i roto i te USSR

timata te whanaketanga o te motu ngā pūnaha pere anti-rererangi ki te kaha ki te whakarewa i te tītere tika i te pokohiwi i roto i te USSR i mua. I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te ope Soviet 60raa e rua ngā momo o te rangi kawe pūnaha korero pere ( "Pere" me "Pere-2"). i tenei patu maha painga, i roto i nei i:

- te ahua ohorere o ngā pūnaha korero rangi i roto i ngā wāhi i reira e kore e te te rererangi hoariri i mua i te riri ua;

- te kaha ki te patu i ngā taumata i te nui tawhiti (i runga i te 4 km) me te teitei e ōrite ana ki taua i ai tino maha e "mahi" i runga i te whenua ngā whāinga whakaeke rererangi ( "Skyhawk", "Phantom" ranei "Skayrayder") - i 1500 ki te 3000 mita;

- whakaiti tere i roto i te tūranga tohatoha;

- tono ohie, me te whakangungu o ngā kaimahi, tae atu ke;

- te compactness whanaunga;

- tapatahi i roto i te pā ana ki te tikanga rokiroki me te transportation.

Ahakoa te whawhai nui i mau huru etahi taime kino, mo e kua whakahē tohunga hōia MANPADS "Strela". "Ngira" i hangaia ïa i roto i te tikanga ki te hinga i te raruraru.

Patupatua a muri tika, me ki

Ko te drawback matua o "Pere" i roto i to ratou kaha ki te patu i ngā taumata i muri i te putanga i runga i ratou ki te huna i muri i te ahanoa. Ko te tikanga i taea te koperea te rererangi hoariri ki raro i muri noa i te faaohiparaa i o te poma pere ranei pakunga. O te akoranga, "te takitaki i" ko te ope te parururaa i roto i, ki te ora i te Carriers anti-rererangi ratou. "Pere" taea whiua te whai, a ka ui te ope patu e taea te patu i te rererangi whawhai i runga i te akoranga tūtukitanga, faaineine pakaru pea.

I roto i ētahi wā, te whakamahi i te huānga o ohorere, ko reira taea ki te angitu i roto i te noa'tu o tenei koha hoahoa - "hao" te hoariri, me te meinga patu tinihanga ki overflying rererangi, noho hia. Na i roto i te 1969, whakamahia massively hōia Ihipiana te kawe matatini "Strela-2" Iseraela "Phantom", rere i altitudes tino iti, patu e ono o ratou ia ra. Ko e taea ki te ako, kia hohoro te whai huatanga o MANPADS Soviet i peka te hoariri ko, ahakoa kei te tonu ratou painga noho mârohia. E ratou he pānga hinengaro, akina e tonu e rere ana i te kaiurungi hoariri i iti ki tiketike nui, e kore ongo'i haumaru. A ano ko reira tika ki te rapu i te kaha hangarau ki te whakatau i te beat, kaua ki te muri.

mahi Kāwanatanga SP Invincible

Ko tētahi atu ngoikoretanga nohoia e "Pere" me i rapu ki te karo i nga kaihanga o MANPADS "Igla", ko he kore o taikaha matenga mana whawhai. Ehara i te katoa patu i te ūnga ki te kī tona whakangaromanga, me te ara hei he nui. whakaarahia stormtroopers rikarika, te pupuha ki i te omanga missiles ki te arata'iraa upoko waiariki, hanga o ngā rauemi e taea te tu atu pānga waiariki me baric tiketike, me te rererangi maha i te whai wāhi ki te hoki ki to ratou turanga, me ka hanga ano fai he riri. Fakahohaasi me te pānga o "blurring" te poipoi hau jet awa me nga huānga ino. Ki tenei i tika ki te mahi i te tahi mea.

I roto i te 1971, ua faaoti te kāwanatanga Soviet ki te whakatū i te matatini hou, te kaha ki te whawhai ki te hou tino me matatau i taua wa i te tikanga o te rangi whakaeke taumata rauhanga, e taea e whai i te hoariri pea. Kolomenskoye hoahoa engineering pokapū ko te kamupene matua, mahi ana i mahi e te tahi atu whakahaere (CDB taputapu, Research Institute o mea ine me te rōpū Leningrad LOMO). Ko te rangatira matua o te hou whakawhanakehia rawa fakanatula ka academician SP Invincible. huaina te patu hou i MANPADS "Igla". kia whai i te āhuatanga (te tere ūnga, me te tūponotanga o te teitei whakangaromanga), kia rite ki te tono kāwanatanga, tino möna i "Pere-3 '(whakarerekētanga whakamutunga).

Te tohunga ki te tohunga

Ko te teihana matua mō te ngā missiles anti-rererangi kua tuku iho kua whakaaro te wahi wera mahue pūkaha o te waka rererangi. Tenei tikanga o te whakatau i te ahunga o te tītere i ngā ohie, engari i reira kohakore nui. i muri tonu i te take tuatahi o te whakamahi whai hua o te waka rererangi ki ngā pūrere puta tikanga ki takihala'i pūnaha hihiani waiariki tohu Pyrocartridges manga e hanga he ūnga teka. Na ko reira faaoti ki te pīkau i MANPADS "Igla" rua-hongere matenga arata'iraa pōkākā, rite rawa ki te photodetectors. Whanaketanga o te pūnaha e taea te wehewehe i waenganui i te waka rererangi tūturu i wahi wera waiariki "tauhele", roa hoki e whitu nga tau anō, engari ko tutuki. whakamatauria te reira ki tū uaua, nui noa ki te whakahua i te matao o te photodetector matua i muri i te translation o te tītere ki te tūranga puhipuhi te ki te pāmahana rawa iti tata ki te kore tino (-200 ° C). Ka rite ki te hua o enei mau tautooraa, te pūnaha aunoa, rite rawa ki te arorau, whakataurite te pānuitanga o te pūoko e rua. A ki te mea he i raro i te whenua te taumata hongere tohu tāpiri, tautuhia te whāinga ko rite ino e, ka kawea te rapu i roto i rite te roa rite kore te tākirirangi e kite i te ahanoa pono.

He he kotahi pātai hangarau nui e kua tino nui haere te otinga te tōtika whawhai o MANPADS "Igla". Arā āhuatanga te toitü whakaeke rererangi whakawhirinaki i runga i te wahi o te whakapā ki te tītere, me pupuha - e kore he tino, na tuhu hātepe whakarato he kōwhiringa atu, whakarato he huringa o te pere aronga o te tākirirangi (hurihanga oti) i te wāhanga whakamutunga o te trajectory kia i patua te pere te takere. Hei te mahi i tēnei nekeneke i roto i te hanga anga whakarato thrusters atu.

pūnaha arata'iraa me fuses

KB Engineers i roto i nga ara tamata ki te whakaiti i te taimaha o te matatini kawe "Igla". Ko te patu conceptually kiato MANPADS, kua hangaia te reira mo te whakamahi i te hoia kotahi. taonga ngingio Mass roto i roto i te kōwae whawhai tākirirangi, ko te taua rite te "patiri" (1170 g), engari ko te nui teitei tona pūngao (taikaha) mana. I tua atu, ko reira otinga rawa arorau ko ki te whakamahi i te wahie kïhei hei atu kaha whakamate, i te mea he whakaaro motuhake i huaina he generator taikaha. Ere rongo tenei whakapohū e te whakaititanga o te te tiaki matua, me te tango i te aratau āhua puhoi o tahu wahie i roto i te tauhohe matū inamata o piti hāora ki tuku o moni nui o te pūngao. Fusing e rua: ko te whakapā (whakahohe e whakapā hāngai), me te arataki (hopu autō mara tawhiti ūnga). momo BLT - tiketike-taikaha.

taputapu General me te taputapu

MPADS "ngira" rite tahi atu complexes kawe taumata rauhanga VOP ko te ngongo Pūwhakarewa i roto i nei i te puru pere, kakau hāneanea. Ki haere pere e kore i taea e kino te shooter, kua wehea te tukanga tīmatanga ki e rua ngā wāhanga. I te tuatahi, i muri tonu i te faaitoitoraa o te paura, puta pere pana i te oko i te tikanga o te tiaki mana-iti motuhake. I muri i te torutoru mita i rere taiaho kurupae Pūwhakarewa whakarewa mahi taketake (toko) o te propellant totoka. I te wa ano nekehia atu te raka te atamira tuatahi, te ārai upoko pahū kōpeka. I te pae hopea mai te pere i roto i whawhai huru noa i muri i te hēkona ruarua, rere ki te 250 mita.

Haunga te ngongo whakarewanga kei roto i te 9P322 tākirirangi me te kotahi-whakamahi hua, MPADS kete "ngira" rite rawa ki te keu (9P519-1) i te 1L14 faka'eke'eké (ko reira te utu, me te matatini, e taea te whakamahi i te reira e rave rahi mau taime) me te papa rorohiko 1L15-1 (mo tere i te utu o te mōhiohio whakahaere i runga i te āhuatanga waka).

No te tono rōpū ka rapua e hoki te wāhitaki pūkoro. Hei taki i te pūnaha ngaue'aki me mana whakawhanakehia he huinga motuhake o KPS.

E "Igla-1" riro i "Strela"

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te hitu ahuru, me mo nga kaihaka me mo te kiritaki ka reira mārama e i roto i te wa e tika ana e kore e te Kolomenskoye mīhini-hanga pokapū pai. Takaware ai he roa i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā hua 9E140 (whāhoki). tahuri te reira i roto i ki te kia tino matatini, haere tahi tona hanga e raruraru maha. Ko tata rite te pere. I roto i te tikanga ki te tere i te rere o te tauira i te Ope Soviet me ngä te whakawhenumi atu o hangarau hou, i whakaritea e te reira i waenganui i. MANPADS "Igla-1", tangohia e te State Komihana i roto i 1978, i rite rawa ki te kotahi-hongere GSN e "Pere". A, no te kehe nui haere tenei matatini hou tiaki te mana me ngā āhuatanga hangarau pai nui (nui haere ki runga ki te 5.2 km pūtoro o tono, he reira taea take lesion counterpropagating). I roto i te 1982, i te pae hopea i oti whakamātautau o rua-hongere whāhoki, tapiritia reira he pūnaha kawe rangi korero hou o te mua, ka karanga MANPADS "Igla-2."

"Ngira" akatuke'anga "A", "H", me te "C"

Complex te roa whakarewatanga ngongo huaina iti pakeke ko 1 m 70 cm - toharite teitei tangata. Ngā mai whakahe nui timata tono atu kiato i te Heketau. iti Motuhake "Eagle" i hanga mo ratou. MANPADS i roto i te tūranga takai he poto i te 60 cm.

āhuatanga whakarerekē o te "H" e kaha nui matenga brisant. Ko hoki te taua āhuatanga āhuatanga o te putanga tuatoru o te matatini, riro taupū "C". Otiia i roto i te tua ki whakarei warhead wehewehenga nui-taikaha, te pere he wiki rua (tae atu ki contactless) me tetahi atu kounga nui, no te mea o nei te pūrere pera i huaina. "C" - oia hoi "whakakopa", i roto i te tūranga waka - i roto i te hawhe.

āhuatanga o

MANPADS TTX "Igla" faahiahia me he ōrite ki te whakaritenga o te rau tau tere tau XXI. tere o te tākirirangi i runga i te ara ki te whāinga - ki runga 2,100 km / h. I te tawhiti o 5200 m i roto i te manureva i te waka, e rere ana i te tere o runga ki te 1150 km / h i altitudes ake ki 2500 m ranei e taea te patua i muri i te tūponotanga o 63%.

A, no te pupuhi i runga i te akoranga tūtukitanga taea tere ūnga e teitei ake ki te 1300 km / h. Whakawhiti o te waka i roto i te huru whawhai matatini kawe e taea kia rite iti rite 13 hēkona.

tikanga enei whika maroke katoa wāhitanga rahi, e kua kotahi noa hoia, patu ki 9K38 MANPADS "Igla". Ka taea e ia te mahi ki ngā iti-rere, pēnei i topatopa whawhai me missiles ipu, e te hunga e tika ana ki te flatness o te trajectory he tino kino hoki hōia whenua.

I tua atu, e taea te wehewehe i ki whakawhetai rererangi kaikiri ki te pūnaha āhukahuka integrated "hoa hoariri ranei" te pūnaha mana ko.

kupu motuhake tika me te noho pai o te whakamahi o MANPADS "Igla". e kore e aro ako ā-roto i taea te hanga he maha nui o ngā tīmata i tetahi tūranga, tae atu i runga i te poari i te motokā neke. Kia kua kitea te operator te ūnga, tīmata ia te tuku putorino ki te ahanoa, pana pātene "Tīmata". Next, tupu katoa i roto i te mea o hēkona, ka takoto ko ia anake ki te aroturuki i te rere tākirirangi, ki te he te reira, o te akoranga, i reira he wā.

wheako o te tono

I roto i te ope o whenua tatini neke atu i wha Ko te MANPADS pūnaha anti-rererangi kawe "Igla". Ko tōna tono e ope Iraqi i roto i 1991 meinga te mate o te maha waka rererangi Air Force whakakotahitanga kua whakaatu e miramira tiketike o tenei momo o patu Russian, ara i roto i tata oti pehanga o te rangi korero me te rangi aoniu hoariri. Neke atu i te te rua tekau tau kua pahure i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te ao i reira i tokomaha pakanga patu me pakanga. Te nuinga o ratou i tetahi ranei whakamahia te atu taha MANPADS "Igla". kawe Whakaahua me hoia kāwanatanga ki angamaheni "korere", me te kino, me te whakangaromanga o rererangi whakaatu te mana whakamate o tenei korero rangi āhua iti.

I roto i te aamu pou-Soviet o te rongonui o te "ngira" taea totohe pea e rongonui "Kalashnikov". Mōhio o te kirimana nui whakamutunga mo te supply o te puranga nui o enei complexes ki te Malaysian Armed Forces. Ko te whakapai ake o te hoahoa pūnaha, i arahina ki te hua o kiromita ki runga ki te ono tarawhāiti whakamahi whawhai o "ngira" whakarerekē "Super". Enei MANPADS, me te hou, rite ano ngaro tauira ka kia tino rearmed te ope Russian i roto i te heke mai e tata ana.