Mōtā: ngā whānui, hanganga, tono, GOST

He angamaheni me maheni he ariā pērā i mota hoki te ao o ngā ratonga whare. GOST 28013 (whakaaetia, ka hoatu ki roto ki te kaha i te stroykomiteta State №7 USSR i 1989;. I whakakapi ai i te taua Paerewa, whakaaetia e te Construction Komiti State o Russia №30 1998 ka tomo ki te kaha i Hōngongoi 1999) whakamārama rite te huinga o ngā "ranunga moata", "moata maroke", "otinga" me whakatau nga whakaritenga paerewa mō ngā noa ki te faatura ki to ratou faaineineraa, transportation, me tango me te kounga tohu.

Ka rite ki te tuhipoka taha: e kore e enei paerewa tono ki te wera me te matū mōtā ātete.

He aha te mea moata?

Ko te hanganga o te otinga, ko te ki te tito me te uru ata tae noa wāhanga maeneene: kōpaki, töpü pai me te Mixing. Ki te tika, kia tapiritia tāpiritanga motuhake ki te otinga. Conventionally he ruruku, hoatu he otinga o elasticity, mahi rite sima, gypsum kotakota ranei. Ko te nuinga Filler onepu, he Mixing - wai.

e kore e rapua e te whakaora, tino rite mo te whakamahi i muri i te tūhono i te wae tika te mohiotia moata kumete. kia ngā ranunga te paru o nga kai maroke, i konatunatua ki te wheketere. Tenei kumete maroke pera-ka karanga. tutakina ia wai i mua i te whakamahi.

Ko te papatipu whakapakeke Ahakoa kohatu horihori, ai te ruruku herea huihui nga matūriki onepu, reira whakaiti waku, te tuku ki rite otinga.

mōtā: ngā whakaritenga General

Whakaröpütia ngā mōtā e whai ake.

Tei runga i te ruruku i roto i te hanganga e kitea:

1. wāhanga kotahi Simple - sima, kotakota gypsum ranei. Ka rite ki te tikanga, denoted e te ōwehenga o te 1: 2, 1: 3, ai te 1 - he wāhanga (hautanga) o te ruruku, te tuarua o nga tau - e hia nga wahi o te filler tapiritia ki te wahi o te ruruku.

2. Complex, whakauru, maha-wae. Tenei, hei tauira, sima, pākeho, pākeho, gypsum, te uku me te kakau witi, kotakota, me te pungarehu, me ētahi atu. E tohua e te tau e toru: te ruruku matua, te ruruku tāpiri, he filler.

I runga i te rahi o te kōpaki me te onepu rite te nui tei. He mota:

1. Pūnoa. Āhuatanga e te ōwehenga ikeiketanga o te kōpaki me te filler.

2. hinuhinu. Āhuatanga e te taikaha o te kōpaki hoatu te na'ina'iraa nui i roto i tāutanga, kapiti (ki te waipara paparanga mātotoru). Whakaritea e iriiri i te tokotoko ki te otinga - ranunga ngako encapsulating reira ki te paparanga mātotoru.

3. kikokore. Āhuatanga e te kore, he nui iti o te kōpaki, tata kore te na'ina'iraa, tino pai mo te ararewa. E tautuhia e whai ake: e iriiri i te tokotoko ki te ranunga otinga e kore e piri ki reira.

Na roto i te āhuatanga o mota uwhi kua wehea ki:

- rangi - puta ratou solidification ki rangi tikanga maroke (gypsum);

- timata tukanga solidification me te haere tonu i roto i te rangi i roto i te taiao takawai, hei tauira, i roto i te te wai (sima) - waipēhi.

Tei runga i te onepu whakamahia, ahakoa tikanga tūturu, maunga, awa, ono tekau maiengi (whakawhānui paru, pungapunga, tuff) ranei, i reira e taimaha (i 1500 kg / m3 kiato i roto i te āhua maroke) me te marama (ki runga, ki te 1500 kg / m3) ngā mōtā. Kounga pānga hāngai töpü i runga i te hua i roto i te kaha o te hua whakamutunga. Ko te kupu, whakaritea ki te para, te ranu te ruruku ki te hanga onepu, kahore poke (tai kohuke, inclusions uku toka) faarahi te kaha o te otinga ki te 40%.

Ko te ōwehenga ine o te wai ano hoki whai wāhi nui i roto i te faaineineraa o rongoā: āhuatanga te kore o tona otinga e rigidity, he taikaha - delamination, ai e heke āhuatanga kaha kounga.

Te haamauraa o te meka e te mea pokepoke (GOST 28013-98) rite tika i roto i runga i te paerewa kounga me te ōwehenga tika o nga wae e hiahiatia ana ko tona pou tarāwaho. taea ki te whakaki i nga āputa katoa, pai pēpēhia, raungaitia, e kore e hu'ahu'a roa'tu, e kore ninii, e kore e paheke haere te taiepa turanga, hanganga kirihou he. Ki te iti te Mixing, me te tāpiri i te otinga kōpaki riro ake kōngohe, engari arata'i tenei ki te na'ina'iraa tiketike i roto i te solidification o te rauemi whare, me te kupu i te hanganga o te kapiti.

Noho i runga i te āhuatanga hangarau o ngā ranunga moata me rongoā, kua whakahaeretia e te paerewa o nāianei tawhā katoa.

āhuatanga kounga o te moata

tawhā kounga nui kumete protrude kiato toharite, kaha ki te pupuri i te wai, i te nekeneke me te peelability. Ko te iti kohi kōpaki i nga whakaritenga utaina ki runga ki te ranunga, te pai. Ki te i te ranunga kua wā ki te hopu i te reira Whakakore ranei, kei te tino rāhuitia reira ki te tāpiri i te Mixing. Hei whakatutuki i te āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana he nui no te faaineine tika te ranunga kumete, horoa, te whakatika i te rauemi i roto i a ratou. E tika ana kia mihini hurihanga (momo tonu), kia nui te mahara (kaha) mahi. I roto i tenei hapa whakaaetia o runga ki te 2% whanaunga ki here, he Mixing, tāpiritanga maroke, ki runga ki te 2.5 - ki te faatura ki te filler. Hoki ngā āhuatanga hotoke, kia waiho te pāmahana otinga rite ki nui ake i te 5 ° C. ranei Te ine he pāmahana wai tino arotau - 80 ° C.

Tei runga i te ture o te nekeneke tāutuhia te maha o rama o moata:

1. PC4 - āhuatanga e nekeneke noa o 1-4 cm tono te ki te wiriwiri paru ..

2. Pk8 - rerekētanga e hāngai ana plug nekeneke i roto i te whānuitanga o te 4 ki te 8 cm hāngaitanga ki paru noa (kohatu Hollow, me te pereki) aua marae, taera, taiepa tāutanga (nui-poraka, nui-röpü) ..

Kei te whakamahia Kawekawe o neke atu i te 8 me te ake ki te 12 cm mō te whakapanga o pereki tikanga, raima, hipoki taiepa, te whakakī feāvaaki - 3. Pk12..

Ko hoki tetahi o nga tohu tino nui - te kaha o te moata rite korari ki te pupuri i te wai. Kounga Score i roto i te vitro tavini tohu o 90% i roto i te hotoke, i te 95% - i roto i te raumati. I te pae production kia nui reira 75% o te kaha pupuri wai rite whakaritea e raraunga taiwhanga. Ko te nui o te kiato, te teitei te ātete te wai. Hoki wheketere hanumi kumete maroke ihirangi makuku manakohia ki 0.1% i te taimaha.

No nia i te peelability me te mātotoru reo, i roto i te pā ana ki kuputohu e rua kia tika ki roto i te 10%, e kore teitei. Ki te i honoa te ranunga kumete tāpiritanga rangi-entraining, whanaunga ki te heke auau kiato toharite ki te 6% o te kaupapa i whakaritea.

paerewa Kounga mō rongoā

Te kiato toharite, ātete huka, kaha shock - taketake tohu kounga rongoā. Heoi, i reira e rave rahi rama e whakatau he kaha o te kōpeketanga axial: M4, M10, M25, M50, M75, M100, M150, M200.

K10, F15, F25, F35, F50, F75, F100 - tohu characterizing otinga tohu huka i raro nei te tētahi mīti - whakarewatanga. tohu huka e tetahi o te ohipa faufaa rahi roa no te raima, aua marae, raima, i roto i te take o te raima waho. E aro turukihia ana rongoā waitohu katoa.

mōtā kiato (GOST 28013) e wehea ki ine marau taimaha, me te marama i roto i te mahi e kore e taea e teitei ake i te 10% o te kaupapa i whakaritea. whakaaro ana te uaua tino ko te ranunga raima. Kei te whakamahia te reira i ka whakapanga o nga turanga, te hanga o te papa whenua. Ko te teitei te kiato, te kaha, otinga to.

matū Kounga Paerewa ngā i roto i te rongoā

Ka rite ki nga matū e whakamahia ana mo te faaineineraa o rongoā, tono sima, kotakota, gypsum onepu raw, tae atu te mana waiariki i slags, hau oumu para. Me whakatau i enei wāhanga katoa, me te wai hoki mota, etahi whakaritenga rite GOST raraunga 28013 me paerewa e hāngai ana ki ia wae kounga.

filler

Hoki ia kumete i runga i te whakamahi tikanga rānei titau te tetahi filler haumākū hiahiatia. Ko te kupu, e tika ana mō te oti i purapura one kumete ki te rahi ki runga, ki te 1.25 mm, te Soil - 2.5 mm, kia tae raima purapura onepu 1-2 mm, oti apa raima - e kore neke atu i 1.25 mm (taea ine ki te 0.5% i te taimaha, engari te otinga e kore e roto i neke atu i te 2.5 mm purapura onepu). Ki te whakamahia onepu te ki te pungarehu, e kore e te taimaha e te huka, kapia tio. I roto i te huru wera kore e nui ake te pāmahana hanga onepu 60 ° C. moata Kōmāmā ngā ranu i tētahi ruruku ki te onepu maiengi (shungite, vermiculite, te uku whakawhānui, Onemata, para pungapunga, aglonirit, rere pungarehu, me ētahi atu). rongoā mytyh whakapaipai hanga i kiripaka onepu, purapura kongakonga toka ki te rahi ki runga, ki te 2.5 mm (ofa'i, mapere, uku, waro, kirihou). Tae raima facades tā te whakamahi o 2-5 mm ofa'i, karaihe, uku, waro, tokauku, kongakonga kirihou. kawea Tae sima-moata raima i roto i te tāpiri ki te hanganga tae otinga sima, uhi tūturu waihanga ranei paerewa e hāngai ana.

tāpiritanga matū

Te faaineineraa o te moata maha kau tāpiri ki to ratou hanganga o rerekē whakapai ake te kounga hua tāpiritanga matū e ārai i delamination, whai wāhi ki te nekeneke nui, kaha, te whakapai ake i te ātete huka o te ranunga. Tenei-ka karanga kia Superplasticizing, plasticizers, stabilizers, wai-mauhanga,, rangi-entraining, tere pakeke, retarding, ārai makariri, gaskets, gidrofobiliziruyuschie, bactericidal, pupuhi pūnaha. Ko te wha whakamutunga kei hoki te whakamahi i roto i ngā take motuhake.

whakaritea te nui e hiahiatia ana o tāpiritanga matū e te ngā wā i roto i te taiwhanga. Kua Hua i roto i runga i te paerewa, e kore e meinga e ratou te whakangaromanga o ngā rauemi, ngā pānga ha'iriiri i runga i nga hanganga whakahaeretia me ngā whare. Whakarōpūtia e te momo, kia, i ratou katoa te kōrero, me te iku'anga paerewa me ngā. Ko te kupu, he whakapakeketanga tere tāpiritanga ngā konutai pūkawa (CH GOST 6318, TU 38-10742) ki te ārai makariri - Urea (OmAhA) (M GOST 2081) i roto i te te pupuri wai - cellulose carboxymethyl (CMC TU 6-05-386) . He rārangi oti o tāpiritanga tohua i roto i te tāpiritanga ki te 28013. Mota Paerewa Cement hua ki te tua o waro (mikropenoobrazovateli) me inorganic (uku, kotakota, sima pereki puehu, rere pungarehu, me ētahi atu) plasticizers.

mana kounga Hangarau

Enterprise e manufactures kumete, whakamana mana hangarau whakahauanga e te horoa i te wāhanga e hiahiatia ana me te faaineineraa tano o te moata. kawea Mana i roto i kotahi ia neke. ranunga moata o te hanganga taua hua ia neke, ka hei rōpū. I roto i te mana e tonoa tauira ki te taiwhanga (tīpakohia kia rite ki te GOST 5802) ki te whakatau i nga āhuatanga hangarau katoa.

Ki te kei te kiritaki hoatu atu atu i te hunga i tohua i roto i IEC 28013 mahi, te kounga o ngā hua , ko te ngohengohe ki te mana na roto i te whakaaetanga i waenganui i kaiwhakanao me te kiritaki.

mōtā Test whakahaeretia i roto i ngā āhuatanga taiwhanga i te kaiwhakanao, i nei kia tono i te kiritaki tauira mana kumete me te moata. tukua ngä kumete e rōrahi, moata maroke - taimaha.

No nia i te āhuatanga o te kaha o te kumete ki delamination me te pupuri inu, me te otinga - i te huka, te takina ai i roto i te kōwhiringa ranei huringa o hanganga āhuatanga o te wae otinga ranei. E ngohengohe ana ki te arotake i nga marama e ono hua atu. Ki te i roto i te hui o te hanganga ture kāore anō-ka whakaatu arowhai ki runga ki te paerewa o nāianei, paopao katoa te rota te.

He aha kia roto i roto i te tuhinga mo te taonga?

Ko te tuhinga e mahi rite tohu o te kounga o ngā hua, me te māngai mana o te kaiwhakanao haepapa mo te mana hangarau, kia rai te mōhiohio e whai ake nei i roto i:

- te ingoa me te wāhi noho o te kaiwhakanao, te rā tangohia me te wa o te faaineineraa o te ranunga;

- te waitohu o te otinga;

- ahua o te ruruku;

- te nui o taonga nekeneke;

- te ingoa me te nui o tāpiritanga matū;

- he tohutoro ki te paerewa, e ko te taurangi o te tautukunga ki hua raraunga hangarau rite-ki-kai.

Ki te whakamahia māpele maiengi, atu whakaritea e te kiato toharite i roto i te āhua maroke. Ki te ranunga maroke whakaritea he Mixing nui, kia e kua riro te ranunga te nekeneke e hiahiatia ana. Hoki kia kī tuhinga te ora papa o te ranunga i roto i te āhua maroke, tatau nei i te rā o te faaineineraa i mua ki te paunga e ono nga marama.

Kawe ranunga moata

A, no te kawe i te kumete he nui ki te karo i te mate o te waiu sima. taonga whakaaetia waka i ara, me te peere (hoppers) mihini me runga i ngä tüäpapa rerewe. I roto i tenei take kia tirohia te pāmahana moata kawea, i whakapumautia e iriiri ine pāmahana hangarau ki te hohonu o te 5 cm.

Kua kawea te ranunga moata maroke ki te sima taraka, ipu'oatu fakataha ki 40 kg (pepa tākai) me ki runga ki te 8 kg (kirihou tarapēke) ranei. I roto i te pepa kawe peke kawea i runga i pallets rakau, i roto i te polyethylene - mā te tāpae peke ki te ranunga i roto i ngā e tika ana. whakaaetia ranunga Store i roto i nga peeke e i te pāmahana o te 5 ° C i roto i te ruma maroke kati. I muri kawe ranunga kumete e tukua ki te whakaranu ranei atu oko.

Ko te whakamahi o mota

mota rerekē Scope. He whānui rongonui concretes Construction me mōtā mo sima kōpaki rite te rauemi hanganga i roto i te tūmataiti me te i roto i te ahumahi hanga i roto i te hanga o turanga totoka kawe, whakapae, poutū, hanganga hehema, te hangahanga, īnaki, ka overhauling, hanga, anō me te whakahokinga mai .

Kei te whakapono te reira i e i roto i te hanga o ngā whare kohatu rere mōtā tae te hauwhā o te katoa rōrahi o te hanganga. E rave rahi o tatou i ake hokona kotakota, gypsum, mōtā whakauru mō te raima taiepa i roto i te whaitua whare tūmataiti ranei (pera-ka karanga tito oti). Ano, i te tangata ki te hoko rongoā aua marae mo te mahi whakaminenga, koture, kohatu aua marae, whakangutungutu. Na ka taea e kitea e koe i runga i te mākete kumete hanga (GOST 28013), riro āhuatanga pai waiariki mātao, absorption tangi, wera, me te ahi resistance.