Ngā irarā - he whakamārama o te ariā, tikanga o te pāhekoheko

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Tohuira ngā te whānui o ira momo, i roto i te mahi tahuri rite te kōwae kotahi. Ko te kaiwhakarewa o te iranga, Mendel, i roto i ana i tuhituhi ai, whakaahuatia te mea i kitea e ia tetahi anake faingamālie ki taunekeneke ngā irarā - ka i reira he mana tino (nuinga) o tetahi o nga ngā irarā, i noho tonu te tuarua ngoikore rawa (hāngū, arā kore whai wāhi i roto i .. pāhekoheko). Heoi, kotahi te mea tatou e kore ai whakawhirinaki anake te faaiteraa tohuāhua o ira (waho, tirohanga kitea) i runga i tetahi he rua o ira ranei no te mea te reira i te hopearaa o te pāhekoheko o te pūnaha katoa.

I roto i te vairaa mau pāhekoheko pūmua me whākōkī, engari e kore e ira.

Ko te turanga ira e kitea e rua anake ngā momo o ngā ira - ngā te tuatahi i roto i te pāhekoheko o ira allelic, he tuarua, aua, kore-allelic. Anake ki te kia mohio ki me te taha rauemi o te take, no te mea e kore te taunekeneke tetahi ariā i te pukapuka, me te pūmua e kua synthesized i roto i te hōtaka motuhake i roto i te cytoplasm o ngā pūtau, me te nui o enei pūmua i roto i te mirioni. ano te hōtaka, ka e kia synthesized e pūmua, me te rite te putanga, ka whakawhanake rātou taunekeneke atu takoto i roto i nga ira e te kaimahi whakahau waho te i roto i te ngā pūira o te pūtau (organelles ultraskopcheskie ngā pūtau).

He aha ngā ira e karangatia ngā irarā?

ira Allelic - he ira e noho i te "wahi" taua (ranei te huanui) i roto i te pūira. He te irarā i roto i te rua nga rauropi ora. Ko te pāhekoheko o ira allelic taea puta i roto i te maha o ngā huarahi, e kua huaina: kodominirovanie, superdominance, ngoi oti, me te tarepa.

ira Allelic taunekeneke i runga i te pūtake o te mana oti ki te tino turakina te mahi ira tino ngoikore. ngoi oti taea te huaina hononga, i nei te ira ngoikore kore he tino tāmia te ka e tango, ahakoa iti, whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o huru tohuāhua.

Kodominirovanie puta ki te ia faaitoito i te ira allelic ratou āhuatanga takitahi o ia atu. Mahalo te tauira tino maitai ko kodominirovaniya pūnaha AB0 toto i roto i nei takitahi whakahaere e rua A me B ira.

Superdominance - ko ki te whakapiki ake i te kounga o faaiteraa tohuāhua o te ira tino ki te he te reira "i roto i te taha" ki ngoikore. Ko, ki te e 2 kotahi irarā ira ngoi, kino atu ira tino puta ratou, kei "i roto i te taha" ki ngoikore.

allelism maha

Ka rite ki whakahuatia mua, kia kia ia oranga ora 2 anake ngā irarā allelic ira engari ka taea e kia nui atu i te rua - i huaina tenei āhuatanga ko allelism maha. Just mea e taea te mau huru tohuāhua faaiteiteraa e kotahi anake e rua o ngā irarā, e ko, ia etahi mahi, ētahi atu okioki.

Tata tonu huirua (ōrite) irarā kawenga mō te whanaketanga me te whakakitenga o te tohu taua, engari rerekē i roto i te kounga o tona whakaaturanga. Hoki allelism maha tūturu i roto i ngā ngā o ngā ira. Ko, ahakoa he ratou kawenga mo te tohu ano, engari, tuatahi, whakaatu i te reira i roto i ara rerekē, me tuarua, i roto i te momo o ngā tikanga (tonu, ngoi te kanohi, a na i runga i).

e te mea he, te aha tenei whakama? E mea ohie - i roto i te pūtau iroriki o te oranga ora e taea anake te tiki i tetahi rua o ngā irarā huirua, engari e o ngā katoa, kua solves te take. Ko tenei, ka tutuki te rerekētanga o ngā momo e whai wāhi nui ana i roto i te kukuwhatanga o mea ora.