Ngā momo o lysosomes, organelles, hanganga me te mahi

Ka rite ki te whakaaro koe, ka aparau i tatou i te organelles o ngā pūtau i huaina lysosomes. Hanganga me te mahi - ko to tatou pātai matua tenei. utua ano tatou i whakarongo ki te hanganga pūtau whānui. I roto i tenei tuhinga ka kitea e koe i roto i te mea kia mate i roto i te ofatiraa o te mahi o tenei organelle.

Ka rite ki meinga, kua mārama, te lysosomes he wahi o te pūtau. Otiia haunga ratou te wehe me te tahi atu organelles. A feruri na pēhea te iti o ratou rahi, e kore e taea te kite i te pūtau noa ki te kanohi tahanga. I roto i te tikanga ki te ako i tona hanganga mā te whakamahi i te mea motuhake i huaina he karu. Tenei ka ako koe tika inaianei.

Ko te pūtau me ona organelles

Ahakoa whakaaro tatou i roto i tenei tuhinga, he aha lysosomes hanganga me te mahi, he mea tino nui ki te mohio me te tahi atu wāhanga pūtau. Hei timata ki, he reira - he kōwae hanganga māmā. Mai i te wahi whakatau te pūtau ona mahi me te hanganga.

Ka taea te wehea organelles katoa ki ngā rōpū e toru:

• dvumembrannye;
• odnomembrannye;
• membrane-kore.

Ko te rōpū tuatahi ngā te plastids, pungaraungao me te karihi. Ko te tuarua - EPS, lysosomes, Golgi taputapu, vacuoles. Ko te tuatoru - te ribosome me pokapū pūtau.

organelles katoa pūtau tika mo te mahi tika o te pūnaha katoa. Organelles tei runga i whakamana te hanganga o tona mahi te.

lysosomes

Hanganga me te mahi o te organelle titiro tatou he iti bit muri, a inaianei kōrero he iti e pā ana ki te momo, me te whakaaro.

Ko te pai kaha āhuatanga o te pūtau tenei. Mai i runga ake e hipokina e ratou ki te membrane, i roto i nei e ngā whākōkī (katoa i reira e pā ana ki 60). whakaaro tatou ki te pānui i te rārangi poto:

• protease;
• nucleases;
• lipase;
• phosphatase a na i runga i.

Ka taea te pakeke wehea lysosomes katoa ki ngā akomanga e rua:

• tuatahi;
• tuarua.

A, no te tenei tuatahi taea ki te neke ki te atamira i muri. Tenei tukanga ka titiro tatou i muri mai. Na hoatu matou tetahi atu whakarōpū o lysosomes:

• phagolysosome;
• autophagosome;
• tinana multivesicular;
• pūtau wäriu.

hanganga

Lysosomes, te hanganga me ngā mahi o nei tatou whakaaro i roto i tēnei arotake ki te whai i te rahi iti rawa (0.2 microns). Ki tenei whare herehere i reira kia kia tino he rota. I roto i te wāhanga whakamutunga, kua arahina matou te whakarōpū i teie nei titiro pehea ratou e hanga e.

He mea nui ki te mohio e te lysosomes tuatahi - i hanga te organelles anake e kore e taea e ki te whakarite i to ratou mahi tika (nakunaku o matū i paparetanga) e. Anake e hopu huānga pūtau e hiahiatia, neke ratou ki te rōpū tuarua, me te timata ki te ngaungau mau i roto i to ratou taonga. Geterofagicheskaya miru i hanga e fusing phagosome tuatahi me vacuoles. i hanga organelle e hanumi te lysosomes miru tuatahi, me te hanga e - Autophagosome.

mahi

arotakehia poto tatou i te hanganga o lysosomes āhuatanga me taea matou puta ki te mahi i mahi e tenei organelle. Na, ko te whai ake:

• nakunaku intracellular;
• autolysis;
• autophagy.

Na ani manihini matou ki a koutou ki te whakaaro ia o ratou motuhake. Puta ki te pātai i muri.

nakunaku

Ētahi hanganga o lysosomes āhuatanga tukua organelle intracellular ki te whakaputa i nakunaku. Mai taea te pūtau tīariari kore anake rite te rauropi matatini, kia mahi i te reira mahi faufaa katoa. Tenei tukanga, ka uru lysosomes tuatahi tahi me vacuoles kūnatu.

Kua kē matou whakahuatia e i roto i te lysosome ko he maha rawa nui o whākōkī. A, no te patia i ki reira tetahi pūhui hanehane ki matūriki meneti whakamutunga e tomo i roto i te membrane. I tua atu, kei te whai wāhi enei pūhui i roto i te tahi atu tukanga nui.

autolysis

Kua kua mea matou e i roto i te lysosomes puta tukanga kūnatunga. He mea nui ki te mohio te reira me e taea lysosomes meinga te mate o te pūtau katoa.

kia kia whakangaromia te raraunga organelles membrane kikokore, a ka kia tukua nga whākōkī. Ki te tupu tenei ki lysosomes pūtau katoa, ka mate i te reira. tukanga tāpaetanga he autolysis. Ka taea e tatou meinga te tauira tino noa o te tadpole. Ko te ngaro o te hiku o te heke mai o te poraka - he tauira oraora o te autolysis. He aha kua meinga o nga matūkai i muri i te whakangaromanga o nga pūtau? e kore e ratou ngaro, ka riro "noho tata."

autophagy

mahi ano hoki i te mahi o lysosomes i huaina "autophagy". Maoro, i muri whiwhi tawhito, e kore e mahi. Ki te whakaaro tatou ki te pūtau, e taea te whakakapi etahi organelles tawhitotia. Kia pehea te e tupu tenei? Pau riro organelles lysosomes me kua pakaru iho ki rāpoi iti e whākōkī. Otiia i roto i to ratou wahi mai hou. matūriki katoa e toe i muri i te tukanga o te autophagy, e hiahiatia ana te pūtau mo te tārua o ngā hanganga pūtau hou.

Here a mea e reira e rua ngā momo o te autophagy: ha'iha'i me macroautophagy. E mea pinepine kitea tenei tukanga i ngā āhuatanga ahotea (hei tauira, te nohopuku nui mahi nui ranei).

mate

Kua whakaaroarohia e mātou te hanganga o lysosomes, ratou mahi, me te hanganga, engari i ētahi wā tupu te reira i e i roto i to ratou rahunga mahi puta. Na ka riro te mate te tangata. whakaaro tatou ki te whakaaro i tenei mate rite syndrome o Gaucher. Ano hoki i tenei mate, i reira e pā ana ki 50 atu mate e pā ana ki te mahi lysosomal waimaero.

Na, mate o Gaucher i whakaahuatia tuatahi i roto i 1882 Filippom Goshe, i roto i tona honore, me te ingoa i te syndrome. Ko te mate tino noa i roto i te ofatiraa o te mahi o enei organelles tenei. Ko reira te kore o te glucocerebrosidase whākōkī. Ka taea e kia kino tenei katoa mo etahi whekau, pērā i:

• kōateate;
• ate;
• whatukuhu;
• marama;
• roro.

Ahakoa te kaumatua o te raruraru, kia whakaora syndrome o Gaucher. Na he rota o taero rerekē whakaritea e tautoko te ora tangata.