Ngā pāhekoheko ki ngā konganuku waikawa. Ko te tauhohenga o te waikawa pungatara ki konganuku

Matū tauhohe o he motuhake mo te akomanga raraunga o pūhui te waikawa ki te whakarewa. I roto i te akoranga o tona iraoho hauwai me te ora ake i roto i te taha ki te anion waikawa whakakapi e te māraa ļa whakarewa. Ko te tauira o te tauhohenga ki te hanga i te tote tenei, a ahakoa i reira e rave rahi ngā momo o taunekeneke e kore e whakarongo ki tenei parau tumu. puta ratou rite, pitihāoratanga kore tahi i te kukuwhatanga o te hauwai.

Ngaahi Tefito'i Mo'oni tauhohenga ki konganuku waikawa

ähua waikawa pararopi katoa ki te ahu maitai ki te hanganga o Mariao. He okotahi ko, pea, anake te tauhohenga whakarewa pai ki aqua regia, he ranunga o pūmāota me waikawa nitric. Tetahi atu ngā o waikawa ki konganuku arata'i ki te hanganga o Mariao. Ki te ko te waikawa kore pungatara kukū waikawa hauota ranei, piri te hua rite te hauwai rāpoi.

Otira ka tauhohe i hāngai waikawa pungatara, puta te tauhohe ki te konganuku rite ki te parau tumu o te tukanga, pitihāoratanga. No te mea i experimentally tāutuhia reira e rua ngā momo o taunekeneke konganuku angamaheni, me te kaha waikawa pararopi:

• taunekeneke o konganuku me te waikawa ngoikore;
• taunekeneke ki te waikawa takiwa.

te tauhohenga momo tuatahi puta ki tetahi waikawa. hāngai te okotahi anake te waikawa pungatara me te waikawa hauota i tetahi kukū. whakautu ratou ki te momo tuarua, me te arahi ki te hanganga o tai me ngā hua whakaiti o te whanariki me te hauota.

konganuku Angamaheni te tauhohe i ki te waikawa

Konganuku tikanga mahue o hauwai i roto i te raupapa paerewa iahiko, kei te ähua ki te waikawa pungatara memeha , me te tahi atu waikawa o ngä nohanga rerekē anake hauota ki te hanga i te tote me te faatea ia hauwai rāpoi. Konganuku, kei ki te tika i roto i te electronegativity hauwai rarangi, e kore e taea e ariu ki te waikawa whakahuatia i runga ake, ka taunekeneke anake ki te waikawa hauota ahakoa o kukū, me te waikawa pungatara kukū, me te aqua regia. Ko te pāhekoheko angamaheni ki ngā konganuku waikawa tenei.

konganuku tauhohenga ki te waikawa pungatara kukū

A, no te, kua whakaaro reira te ihirangi o te waikawa pungatara i roto i te otinga atu atu i 68% ki te kia kukū, ka ähua ki ngā konganuku mahue me tika o te hauwai. parau tumu rere tauhohe ki ngā konganuku o mahi rerekē whakaaturia i roto i te pikitia i raro nei. Here, te kaihoko oxidizing ko te ngota whanariki i roto i te anion pūkawa. Kei te heke te reira ki te hauwai sulfide, 4-honohono waikura ranei ki rāpoi whanariki.

Tauhohenga ki te waikawa memeha hauota

tauhohe waikawa hauota diluted ki whakarewa, whakaritea mahue me tika o te hauwai. I roto i te tauhohe ki te konganuku hohe ki te whakaputa i haukini, e tonu memeha me tauhohe ki te anion pākawa ki te hanga i tetahi atu tote. Ki te konganuku mahi toharite o te waikawa tauhohe ki te tuku o te hauota rāpoi. Ki te puta tauhohenga paruparu ki te tuku o te 2-honohono waikura o te hauota. I roto i te nuinga o te whanariki whakaora hua maha puka i roto i te tauhohenga kotahi. Tauira o te tauhohe e whakaarohia i roto i te tono whakairoiro i raro.

Tauhohenga ki te waikawa hauota takiwa,

I roto i tenei take mahi te hauota rite te āpitihāora. i rere tauhohe katoa i roto i te hanganga tote me te tuku o te waikura nitric. tauhohe pitihāoratanga Aronui whakaarohia mō te tono whakairoiro. I roto i tenei take, tika ha tokanga makehe te tauhohe o te aqua regia ki huānga iti hohe. Taua taunekeneke ki ngā konganuku waikawa nonspecifically.

Tauhohenga o te konganuku

huru ngāwari nui konganuku me te waikawa, ahakoa i reira e rave rahi inerts. Tenei konganuku utu nui , me te āhuatanga, me te pūmanawa iahiko paerewa teitei. He he maha o konganuku hangaia e te i runga i te pūtake o tenei taupū. Kei te karangatia e ia te electronegativity. Ki te mahue konganuku te reira hauwai, taea ariu reira ki te waikawa memeha.

He he anake kotahi okotahi: te rino, me te konumohe tika ki te hanganga i runga i te mata o te waikura 3-honohono, e kore e taea e tauhohe ki te waikawa, kahore whakawera. Ki te mahana te ranunga te, ka tīmatanga te tauhohe i te waikura kiriata whakarewa, a ka kua rewa ia i roto i te waikawa. e kore e taea e konganuku, kei ki te matau o te hauwai i roto i te mahi raupapa iahiko ariu ki te waikawa pararopi, tae atu ki te waikawa pungatara memeha. E rua okotahi ki te ture: rewa enei konganuku e i roto i takiwa, me te memeha te waikawa hauota me te aqua regia. Ka taea te rewa anake te whakamutunga rhodium, ruthenium, iridium me osmium.