Ko te taumata o te whakahaere hanganga o nga rāpoi ngota pūmua hanganga pūmua ranei

te ako i te hanganga o te rāpoi ngota pūmua mō runga i 200 tau. Kei te mohiotia ia mo pūmua maha. Etahi o ratou kua synthesized (hei tauira, taiāki, RNase). Ko te kōwae hanganga me te mahi taketake o te rāpoi ngota pūmua i waikawa amino. te carboxyl me amino rōpū me pūmua I tua atu i roto i te tahi atu rōpū mahi, e whakatau ratou āhuatanga. Taua rōpū ngā whakanohoia i roto i te lateral muingota branchings pūmua: rōpū carboxy o te waikawa aspartic ranei waikawa glutamic, rōpū amino o lysine hydroxylysine ranei, rōpū guanidine o arginine, te rōpū imidazole o histidine, te rōpū hydroxyl o serine me threonine, he rōpū phenol o tyrosine, te rōpū sulfhydryl o cysteine, rōpū disulfide o cystine, thioether rōpū o methionine, phenylalanine benzelnoe matua, tīmeka mekameka o te tahi atu waikawa amino.

He taumata wha o whakahaere hanganga o nga rāpoi ngota pūmua.

Ko te hanganga tuatahi o te pūmua. waikawa amino i roto i te rāpoi ngota pūmua e piri tahi e here peptide, ko te kupu hanga i te hanganga tuatahi. Tei te reira i runga i te hanganga kounga o te waikawa amino, ratou tokomaha, me te raupapa i waenganui i nga pūhui. tino maha takoto te hanganga tuatahi o te pūmua i Sanger. tukinotia ana te pūmua whakamātautau te ki te ditroftorbenzola otinga (DNP), reira hanga dinitrophenyl-pūmua (pūmua-DNP). pūmua muri DNP-hydrolyzed i hanga muingota o te pūmua toenga me te waikawa DNP-amino. ora ake te waikawa DNP-amino i tenei ranunga me te tauhohenga wai ine. Ko nga hua o te paparetanga e amino waikawa me te dinitrobenzene. Ko te toenga o te muingota o te pūmua ariu ki te wahi hou o DNP rite te roa rite kore e te muingota katoa wahia iho ki waikawa amino. I runga i te ako ine o waikawa amino hanga ake te hanganga tuatahi o te pūmua taiawhio takitahi. Mohiotia te hanganga tuatahi o pūmua taiāki, myoglobin, pūtoto, glucagon me te tini ke atu).

Na roto i te tikanga o Edman pūmua tukinotia te ki phenyl isothiocyanate. I te tahi taime te whakamahi i whākōkī proteolytic - trypsin, pepsin, chymotrypsin, peptidase, me ētahi atu

Ko te hanganga tuarua o te pūmua. kaipūtaiao American, te whakamahi i te tātari X-ray, kitea e te tīariari maha nga mekameka pūmua polypeptide i te puka o te Arepa-helices me ngā hanganga ētahi wā peta.

whakaritea Arepa-helix te ki te e'a tōrino, e mahi te mahi o nga nekehanga o ngā toenga waikawa amino. I roto i te rāpoi fibrillar pūmua te tata rawa totoro (hiraka fibroin) polypeptide mekameka (beta-hanganga) ka whakaritea i roto i te puka o ao, ähuareka e here hauwai.

Ka taea te hanga e noa alpha-helix i roto i te polypeptides waihanga (dederon, nairona), e whai i te taimaha o rāpoi i te 10 ki te 20 mano. Ae. I etahi wahi o nga pūmua rāpoi ngota (taiāki, pūtoto, RNAse) wawahi te whirihoranga helical alpha o te mekameka peptide, a kua hanga e te hanganga helical o tetahi atu momo.

Ko te hanganga tuatoru o te pūmua. E Koru wahi o te mekameka polypeptide o te muingota o te pūmua i roto i te whanaungatanga rerekē e whakatau wānanga (e toru-ahu) hanganga, ahua me te āhua o te rōrahi o te muingota o te pūmua. Kei te whakapono te reira e te hanganga tuatoru o te aunoa, me te puta tika ki te pāhekoheko ki ngā toenga waikawa amino o te rāpoi whakarewa. E hāngai Radicals te kupu hydrophobic "unu" ki te muingota o te pūmua, hanga ratou rohe maroke me ngā rōpū hydrophilic ki te whakarewa, i arata'i ki te hanganga o itoito pai haamauraa rāpoi ngota. haere tahi ana tēnei tukanga e te hanganga o intramolecular here. Ko te hanganga tuatoru o te muingota o te pūmua tuhi mo RNAse, pūtoto, lysozyme o hua heihei.

Ko te hanganga quaternary o te pūmua. Tenei momo o te hanganga o te rāpoi ngota pūmua puta rite ki te hua o te rōpū o te maha subunits ngātahi ki te muingota kotahi. Ia subunit he hanganga tuatahi, tuarua, me te tuatoru.