Polyols: kiripuaki, te faaineineraa, me te whakamahi o

E ahu mai ngā waiwaihā rāpoi pūwaro i roto i nei tetahi atu ranei ngota hauwai tata ki te ngota waro kukū whakakapi te ki te rōpū hydroxy - OH. Kei te experimentally whakamatauria te reira e kore e taea e te nui o hydroxyls waipiro i roto i te rāpoi ngota nui te maha o ngā ngota pūwaro. Tei runga i te āhua o te tuwhena, te wehewehe i acyclic (tīmeka) me waiwaihā huringa; i te maha o ngā rōpū hydroxyl, - ki Pālesi, di-, tauro me waiwaihā polyhydric; waiwai - kukū me te hamanga; localization pae o te rōpū hydroxyl i roto i te mekameka waiwaro - waiwaihā tuatahi, tuarua, me te tuatoru.

waiwaihā Polyhydric - pärönaki o waiwaro i roto i ngā rāpoi ngota ki neke atu i te toru ngota hauwai e whakakapi i te hydroxy - OH. Hoki te waiwaihā polyhydric rite nga pärönaki o monosaccharides āhuatanga poinanahatanga me tūranga poinanahatanga whatu i roto i te rōpū OH waiwaro mekameka. pā ana te poinanahatanga whatu ki te kaha o etahi rōpū o ngā matū waro i roto i te rongoā whakaatu mahi whatu. whakaritea mahi Optical o matū e te whakamahi i te polarimeter.

tauhohenga kounga i runga i polyols

Ko te tauhohenga tino noa ki polyols kounga ko to ratou taunekeneke ki parahi waihā. I roto i te Whakamemeha tauhohenga waihā, reira hanga he matatini papura chelate.

Polyols: te māngai matua

waiwaihā S4N6 Chetyrehatomnye (OH) 4 huaina tetritami, pentahydric S5N7 (OH) 5 - pentitami, waiwaihā hexahydric S6N8 (OH) 6 - hexitols. I roto i ia i taua rōpū wehewehe waiwaihā takitahi e whai ingoa hītori: erythritol, arabitol, sorbitol, Xylitol, dulcitol, mannitol, me ētahi atu

polyalcohols takanga

E synthesized e whakaiti o monosaccharides, te tōhau o aldehydes ki formaldehyde i roto i te reo kawakore ēnei waiwaihā. Tino maha, waiwaihā polyhydric rite i ngā rauemi raw tūturu. Ētahi waiwaihā tangohia i te hua pungarehu maunga.

waiwaihā Polyhydric - optically pūhui kaha, tino wairewa i roto i te wai. Nga Tūāwhiorangi IR me UV whai absorption here angamaheni rōpū OH o waiwaihā monohydric. āhuatanga matū o waiwaihā tika ki te aroaro o ngā rōpū OH. I roto i te tauhohenga o enei pūhui ki konganuku whenua kawakore alcoholates i hanga - saccharate. I roto i te piti hāora o te hydroxyl e paetata nei tata te ngota waro tuatahi (C1) e hanga e monosaccharides.

Polyols: te māngai matua

Erythritol Hoch 2 (CHOH) 2SN2ON - tioata taonga rewa i 121,5 ° C. Ko te waipiro i runga ake i roto i roto i hawahawa, me talingelingá. Ka taea te whiwhi Erythritol tika ki te ora o 1,3-butadiene me erythrose. Ka mea whakamahia waipiro i roto i te hanga o pūhui taikaha, Inks tere-whakamaroke, emulsifiers.

Xylitol Hoch 2 (CHOH) 3SNON - tioata reka, ngāwari wairewa i roto i te wai, ngohe noa i te pāmahana o 61,5 nekehanga. Ka taea te synthesized te waipiro i runga i te whakaiti o te xylose. Xylitol whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi kai i roto i te hanga o kai mo wharewhare, me rite i roto i te hanga o resins alkyd, hinu maroke, me surfactants.

Pentaerythritol, C (CH2OH) 4 - mārō painga wairewa i roto i te wai. Whiwhi mā te tauhohe i formaldehyde ki acetaldehyde i te aroaro o te Ca (OH) 2. Kei te whakamahia te reira i roto i te hanga o ngā pūhui, resins alkyd, tetrapentaeritrita, surfactants, plasticizers mo polyvinyl pūhaumāota, hinu waihanga. Whakaatu i ngā āhuatanga whakapōauau.

Mannitol Hoch 2 (CHOH) 4SN2ON - taonga reka reka rewa i 165 nekehanga. Roto i roto i talingelingá, harore, pükohu, otaota teitei. Tono rite te diuretic me rite te whakauru o ngā hua Paku (hinu).

D-Sorbitol Hoch 2 (CHOH) 4SN2ON - rewa i 96 nekehanga. Te waipiro hua taonga o te pungarehu maunga. whiwhi Sorbitol te i roto i te whakaiti o te kūhuka. Ka mea waipiro ko te hua takawaenga i roto i te kōtuitui o te huaora C, whakaatu ana mahi diuretic, whakamahia hei whakakapinga mō te wharewhare sucrose.