Ope Transnistrian: rahi, hanganga

Ko āhua kohakore te tiango o te Soviet Union. Ko te taupori o nga lepupilika, tuahine tata anake i whakaaro, te nuinga tautoko te whakaaro o te wehenga o āhua kingi i roto i te tumanako e ka riro te ora māmā, taonga me te ake māhorahora. Ki te mana i roto i nga whenua maha hou tae Nationalists faateiteihia expertly araunga rite kaitautoko o te manapori me te pera-ka karanga "uara Western."

Next timata whawhai i puta i roto i te mua Soviet Union ko i te wa ano, e ki etahi pōrearea. E vaguely huaina ratou pakanga interethnic, engari e kore e ratou iho ki te toto pakanga rohe. e kore ahau e noho peka me marino, me te rangimarie Moldova. Kua whakaritea e te faatereraa o te käwanatanga ki te whakatū i te kāwanatanga kotahitanga i kaha, kahore tango ki pūkete etahi āhuatanga o te whanaketanga o mua o te whenua. Roto i te rerekē ki te mōrearea tenei hōia reira ope Transnistrian, i roto i te wa poto hei kua te tōtika tino i roto i te rohe, a pai āwhio te whakaeke. A ko reira tenei ra, tata te hauwhā o te rau tau?

History o Moldova me Transdniestria

Mai kihai i nga wa o Dacia Moldova te āhua Ariki. no te nuinga o te rohe o nāianei ki te 1940 te kingi Romania, a kua anake nga tika o te mana motuhake mātauranga motu i roto i te Soviet Ukraine. I muri e rua ultimatums waiata whakahaua e te Kawanatanga o te USSR, kua homai te kāwanatanga Romanian ara ki katoa te Bessarabia, e whakaatu ana i te tetahi tupato. Kore, te Army Whero, kahore feaa, e whai kaha whakamahia ki te whakawhānui i te rohe o te USSR. I roto i te tīmatanga o Hune 1940, te wātū VII o te Kaunihera Hupirimi USSR mana whakapumautia te Mōtāwhiana SSR hei wāhanga o te āhua whānui o te uniana. Te MSSR ngā kauti Romanian 6 ex me 6 SSR rohe i mua i hanga te käwanatanga motuhake MASSR. I muri i te whawhai, oho rohe o Moldova, engari paku anake. Tino ke i roto i te 50 th - 80 th me te hanganga motu o te taupori o nga pa i roto i Tiraspol me Bendery heke ngaio me mutu kaimahi hōia i ētahi atu rohe o te USSR. I te momeniti mahu'inga o aroraa tokomaha o ratou i hanga te ope hou i hanga o Transnistria.

E iwa tekau-tuatahi tau

I roto i te 1991, i muri i te taenga o te motuhake motu, ka reira mārama e te wahi nui o te taupori o Moldova moe o reunification ki Romania. I raro i tenei whakaaro i tono ai mo te turanga o mua, tae atu i te pūrākau o te tuakanatanga kiia vai i waenganui nga iwi e rua, he Pākehā nui, me tetahi, iti kotahi. I roto i te manakohia o tenei ariā mea, a tata oti tuakiri o reo, whakaaetia ana te papatipu tino noa whakapono fakalotú, me te ōrite o ngā tikanga maha. Heoi, i reira ko tetahi. iwi toulekeleka ki te mahara e roto i te Romanian Moldovans kingi ki te kia tukinotia rite te ahua o nga mea o te ahua rerekē, te rota i ko waiwai te mahi i runga i te mara.

Otiia, riro te whakaaro kua te feruriraa, me i roto i te Kaunihera Hupirimi tino mahi ki te pātai o te kōmitimiti taea, e kore e ara ui mehemea e hiahia ana ratou ki te ki "teina nui" whakakotahi ki te "teina". arahina tenei katoa ki te meka e kua whakahuatia noho o Dubossary, Tiraspol me Bender ratou tautohe ki whaia e te tikanga o te Republic o Moldova, ka hanga te akoranga Pridnestrovian Mōtāwhiana Republic. Kua riro tenei ngā Manatü-āhua hou nga kuku katoa o te kaupapa Ariki o te ture te ao, de haamamae kore he taua. I roto i te meka ope Transnistrian (ka i huaina ai te Republican Guard) i whakapumautia Mahuru 24, 1991. I maoro i ia ki te whawhai.

whawhai

Tata te tau i muri mai, Hune 19, 1992, ua faaoti te mana Moldovan ki whakahokia te tapatahi rohe i te kaha. ka mau te tukinga tuatahi wahi i roto i Dubossary i Maehe 1991, a inaianei ko ratou i runga i nga waho o Bender. Ko te mau Ātete ki pirihimana Moldovan me ngā waeine o te ope patu whakaratohia ope Transnistrian te wehe o tūao faehau, i te taha i tae nei i roto i te rohe totohe o ngā waeine Cossack. Whakanuia te maha o kaitautoko i tauturu maha patunga i roto i te taupori haukāinga, me nga haurangi o te taha whawhai. ope Russian 14 i roto i Transnistria i kore tango whai wāhitanga, engari tangohia ona armories i raro i te mana o te TMR Sun Ko te hua o nga tau o te whawhai he mano o mate i runga i ngā taha e rua, me te tumu i te mua. Ko tētahi o nga nganatanga tuatahi ki panaia tangohia te "aroha o te whenua", ka, i te 1992, ua faaite te paruparu oti o nga ngā mahi ope ki nga militias tautoko e te taupori. Akoranga mo te heke mai kihai i haere rite "mahi" tonu i tenei ra.

rangatira tuatahi

I hanga te Republican Guard i raro i te ārahitanga o hoia ngaio o te kura Soviet, he aha i nga rangatira katoa o te ope i Transnistria. Ko te tuatahi o ratou ko te rangatira tuarua o te Republican Guard, Colonel SG Borisenko, a ka Stefan Kitsak, he hōia o Afghanistan, nei i mahi i mua i roto i te ope zamnachshtaba 14. Ko ia te tangata e hanga te hanganga o nga ope patu, a pau nga mahi whai tuatahi. I roto i te ngahuru 1992, ka whakakapia te pou o Minita Defence e S. G. hoki Hazheev rangatira tino tohu, e hoatu e te nuinga o tona ora te tavini i roto i te Ope Soviet. I raro i tona kaiārahi, i whakarite anōtia e te ope patu o te käwanatanga mōhiotia, ka i hua i roto i te ope Transnistrian he kaha paoro e nui te āheinga whawhai o te hoariri rohe matua pea, ahakoa te meka e te patu ia ki patu tawhitotia tauira whakaputaina i roto i te USSR. I tēnei wā, ko te ope patu o Moldova, i to ratou rahi haehaa me patu, whakarerea nganatanga he otinga hōia ki te raruraru rohe.

hoariri pea

kihai i ope Romanian i Transnistria i te whawhai, engari te āwhina i roto i te whakamahere o "pakanga whakaoranga" rangatira o tenei whenua, ko reira pea ki te whai, me te tae te tūao. I roto i nga tau mai i te whawhai raumati o 1992, whakangungu i roto i te whenua o NATO kua me te Russian Federation maha rangatira o nga ope patu o Moldova. Ko te hua o tenei whakangungu, Heoi, he iti, mai i te rākau o te riri, kei roto i te meka i te tikanga o te ope motu he tawhito. whakaaro te waro matua o te whakahau kaimahi te ki te waiho i te wänanga hōia Alexandru cel bun i Chisinau. Moldovan National Army (US) ngā rua ngā momo o ope (whenua me te rangi), tona tokotoko o kore ake atu i te wha me te hawhe mano hoia he. Kei te wehea Whakahaere US ki ngā kapa e toru:

- "Moldova" (Balti).

- "Stefan cel Mare" (Chisinau).

- "Dacia" (Cahul).

i roto i te ope Moldovan hoki tomo ope taua te rongomau, (22th), i roto i nei "haere" tata katoa e kua mahi nga marama e ono tuatahi (tapeke huihuia hoki te tau).

Moldovan tāke ope i reira, e te aroaro kaua tapa'o rererangi me topatopa.

hanganga Manga tīariari ra PMR

Faahiahia e te pūkete katoa titiro ope Transnistrian, i taua 7.5 mano iwi. Wae i hanga e te mau parau tumu kimi me te kirimana. Te anga whakahaere tikanga haamana'oraa Moldovan, ki raruraru musculoskeletal rohe. Pirikēti (wehenga) e kei roto i te pa nui rawa wha (Tiraspol, Bendery, Dubossary ko Rybnitsa). I roto i ia o ratou - e toru ngā ope hōia haere mīhini, e, i roto i te tahuri, kua hanga ki runga o wha kamupene. I tua atu, tomo te rōpū pūhiko kumete me Paratuunu motuhake (he engineering me kōrero). Ko te katoa maha o ia wehenga - e pā ana ki tetahi, me te hawhe mano hoia he.

Tanks me pū

Source PMR ringa tohu maitai te whawhai raumati o 1992, kihai nei i i whai wa ki te haere atu i te ope e tu i roto i Transnistria. Tanks e toru ngā momo (T-72, T-64B ko T-55), tata ratou nui katoa te ki kia whitu tekau tau, ko to ratou huru pai, kia rite ki ngā tohunga, kaua e neke atu i te 18.

puhipuhi taumaha hoki kua i roto i tona hanganga 40 pūnaha BM-21 "Grad", e toru pū tatini me howitzers me mōtā o ngā calibres, ZSU "Shilka" me whaiaro-tīhokatia pū.

I tua atu i patu taimaha i te tikanga o te ope PMR he me te tikanga kiato o te whakangaromanga e kua kï whai hua i roto i te pakanga o te tekau tau o mua - MANPADS ( "Pere", "ngira", "Arc"), RPG (7, 18, 22, 26, 27) me te LNG-9. Ki te aro waka Armoured (e kua ngā Moldova kahore, ki te kahore hoki BMP me BMD) e hangaia anti-tank missiles arahina "Fagot", "Baby" me "Competition".

rererangi

Ko te meka e he ona ake kaha rangi Transnistria, rite iwi te whakatūtū puritia i runga i hararei tūmatanui, i roto i nei nga tangata o Pridnestrovie whakaatu ope. Composition me hangarau kaipuke, Heoi, ko te tino haehaa. Just he torutoru rererangi me topatopa, 29 o ratou tika kaimahi o AN-2 me AN-26 e hangaia mō te utanga, me te waka taunga ranei heketaurewa (he wātea hoki VDV), me Hākinakina Yak-18.

I roto i nga tikanga o te whawhai hou hōia tautoko tika ai whai rotorcraft, era Soviet, e, Heoi, he tonu i roto i te mahi i roto i nga whenua maha hoki - te Mi-24, Mi-8 me Mi-2.

Ki te whakaaro ki te Force Air ōkawa he pai Moldova, te mea he mig-29 whakaeke whenua rererangi-Interceptor, Heoi, mahue ratou he iti moka, rawa i roto i te huru pai. Ko te nuinga o waka hōia Soviet kua hokona noa atu.

rāhui

He he tetahi āhuatanga nui o e rerekē ope tino patu o te ope Moldova me Transnistria. tau PMR i te hui o te riri kia nui atu atu atui e tika ana ki te roopu o mua. E tū auau reiti o ritenga o rangatira me nga tangata kararehe, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki o ratou utu, me te nuinga o ratou mo te mahi hōia e kore e rapu i ki te pare, tae atu te hunga e mau tari tiketike i roto i te kāwanatanga. I tua atu, i reira he he hoia Cossack motuhake, he kōwae o te Interior Tāhuhu me te KGB. matua motuhake motuhake "Delta" me "Dniester" kaimahi e ngaio pai-te whakaako, tetahi no ki te pirihimana, e whakaaro ano ki te kia whiriwhiri. No te whakarite - te roopu whānui o Moldova rāhui tata ki te iwi i te rau mano, ahakoa he tiketike rawa te matamua o tangata i te whenua, a ka arotake tautika uaua reira, e rua te ine nui me qualitatively. kua utu, me te whakangungu o mua i roto i te whenua kua puritia hoki nga tau maha.

He aha te mahi Russian i Transnistria?

whakaurua te ope Russian i roto i Transnistria i roto i 1992 hei wāhanga o te ope te rongomau,. oha te taupori rohe reira rite ratou kaiwhakaora, a tae noa tika i roto i nga hoia whawhai o kore nga Forces Armed i whai wāhi, ko te wikitoria o Transnistria nuinga au ratou. Ki te, i mua i te tiango o te Soviet 14 Army ko te hama uniana taimaha-ohipa, engari i tenei ra kei te tango i tata katoa reira te rohe o te Russian Federation. Ko te katoa maha o ope Russian i Transnistria kore tēnei wā e proveschal toru mano hoia me nga mano o civilians civilians. He wähanga nui o ratou he noho rohe nei ka mau te oati raraunga me te Russian Federation. He aha ratou e mahi me te aha te huru o te mahi e?

peacekeepers

Te rongomau, hokowhitu reira i roto i Transnistria i te mana kōkiri OSCE ngā 335 faehau Russian. I tua atu i enei, whakahekea te mana tahi o te āhuatanga i roto i na māngai o te ope patu o Moldova (453 tangata), PMR (490 tiau.) A mataitai i Ukraine (10 tiau.).

I roto i te wa katoa i pahure e mai te whakataki o te rohe o te kaha te rongomau, papā, e kore te take kotahi o te whakamahi o patu, i patua kahore tetahi tangata.

Ko te tokomaha iti o te hanganga, me ona mahi e tino faatea he tautohe nui ki te Moldovan karangatia, me te ake tata, Ukrainian Nationalists whakapae e pā ana ki te whakapae pukuriri āhua o te aroaro Russian i roto i te rohe.

rokiroki Haumarutanga № 1411

ope Russian i roto i Transnistria mahi i tetahi atu mahi nui. E kore e matara atu ana i reira ko te kainga o Rybnitsa Kolbasna e pai kia whakataunga ta'e ki te kahore e kei ona taiao whakapehapeha rohe paura taupuni o 130 heketea. He pōma, anga me te taonga hōia maha atu nekehia atu i Eastern Europe, a rongoa i nga wa mua. Ko te katoa taimaha o explosives roto i roto i te kariri, neke atu i te 20 kilotons, e ko, te kaha piri ki te poma ngota "Boy Little" maturuturu iho i runga i Hiroshima. Aha ki te mahi ki tenei utanga kino tenei ra, kahore tetahi tangata e mohio. tikanga rokiroki kē ki ia tau e haere, Kei te maha ngaro ipu. Ko te taua tau kua whakawāteatia, engari nga wa ka marie te.

e kore e whakaaetia 83rd me te 113raa o tiaki moto motuhake, me te matua 540th o te whakahaere, me te tiaki ki te hoko i te aituā e wehingia ana.

He aha te i muri?

I teie mahana, Transnistria ko te Unuhia kuiti o whenua ropu i whenua kino, Moldova ko Ukraine, mau whakaaturia pā o te käwanatanga mōhiotia. I roto i tenei āhuatanga, kite PMR ope i roto i te āhua o te mataara tiketike. Whakakā ano tetahi atu pakanga patu i roto i te rohe o te USSR mua, ki te kahore ārai reira kotahi anake kaha - i te hunga hohou rongo. He nganatanga tuarua ki te whakauru i Transnistria ki Moldova taea tahuri ki te raruraru nui. E kore te mea tino nui te pātai o te pehea, ki te tōtika e taea ki te mahi i te ope PMR tenei ra. Ko te mea matua - ki te karo te whawhai i te katoa.