Vladimir Myasischev: rererangi paorangi taimaha

Tata nei, whakaputaina nga pāpāho tangohia te kupu laconic i wahi te pūrongo, Vladimir Denisov, he kaimahi o te pokapū rangahau me te wāhi production Russian. haehae te reira i te whakaaro o te hanga i te waka ātea hoahoa tata-honoa, taea ki te hanga haerenga ki te marama Mars ranei, Venus rere a tawhio noa.

Te waka ātea, i runga i te mahere, ka kawe i te kaupapa o te aorangi i te mara o te mahara i te tikanga o te toko ngā o te tāutanga karihi. whakaritea rere orbital te ki kia tika ki te "toko hiko", ka pupü mai teihana mana karihi, kei runga i te poari.

whakahuatia hoki te korero e kua whakawhanakehia te pūtake mo te kaupapa pērā i pūtaiao Russian, i roto i ngā Myasishchev Vladimir Mikhailovich. I te wa ano e korero ana fakapotopoto puku e pā ana ki te paetukutuku hōia o te tangata i huaina.
Ko ia he mataaro Meiha Tianara.

Ko te rūraa o te take i whakaarahia i roto i te pūrongo

Vladimir Denisov, i whakakite ia he kaupapa rangahau taea te mārama tu'atiraa ki kawea ki te atamira o ngā tuhi plane Myasishcheva MG-19, whakawhanakehia i roto i te 70 o te rau tau whakamutunga.

Ko te tauira whaihua. I roto i te take o tona hanganga, whakaritea nei e te mutunga o te 80, te USSR pai i nui i roto i te wāhi i mua o te United States, tino kua, "patu" te hōtaka American "Space Shuttle". kihai i te "M-19" oti, Heoi, mo te rua whakatupuranga, Engineers wāhi Soviet, ka ia he kōrero.

Ki te tūranga ra hakari i runga i te hōtaka hukihuki Myasishcheva kua i roto i te 80 tau tutakina iho panaia. kia mohio te reira: te rererangi o te Soviet kihai i kaihoahoa rererangi Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19 anake te patunga. ka unuhia iho Rangitahi kaimahi-kaiwhakahaere te pūtaiao hōia katoa e titau pūtea, me te homai i te hua i roto i te tau anake, i huna i muri demagogy.

E ai ki ngā whakatau tata o nāianei, tekau rererangi Myasishcheva ki te taikaha e whakarite rerekē haere o te whenua - Space mo te wā tae noa ki te mutunga o te rau tau XXI. Ki te awhina o enei rererangi e ngawari me te nui e kia hanga he pūnaha o āmiorangi me ngā teihana wāhi. kaha whawhai o ngā pūnaha wāhi whakapiki i tino.

Universal hoahoa - rererangi Myasishcheva MG-19 - i te wa ano ki runga ki te wha whāinga pūtaiao, te hanga:

• rererangi paorangi ngota;
• rererangi hypersonic wahie cryogenic;
• aerospaceplane;
• waka ātea, aia e te pūrere karihi.

I te wa ano hei utu o te kaupapa Soviet MG-19 "Buran-2" whaia tetahi anake o enei mahi: hoahoa Aerospace rererangi. Mämä noa iho, ko ia anake whakautu tika ki te hōtaka American "Space Shuttle", kahore atu.

Vladimir, i mua i te tango ake i te hōtaka wāhi, whakakororia tona ingoa i roto i te mara o te hangarau rererangi, te hanga i te rererangi taimaha paorangi. Tona haurongo me rangahau hangarau whakatapua ki tenei tuhinga.

Myasischev Vladimir Mikhailovich. mahi wawe

I kaha a tenei tangata ora. oaoa Myasischev mana i roto i hoa. Tona Korolev whakaaro, e rua Engineers rangatira o te rererangi i te hoa tata. rokohanga tona whakaaro i te wā, me te tonu kua whanaketanga kua sverhaktualnymi. Kati te reira ki te whakahua i whakapumautia te Myasishcheva rererangi 19 pūkete ao.

Wāhi o te kaihoahoa whānui OKB-23 i roto i 1902, te tama a te kaihokohoko taonga i roto i te kawanatanga o Tula. Kua puta ake Interest i roto i te rererangi me te mea he tamaiti, ka u tona kainga Efremov i te kaiurungi Whero. pa te tamaiti nga ringa o ratou rererangi me "mate" ratou mo te ora.

puta Myasischev i te Moscow Higher School Hangarau. Bauman i roto i 25 tau, me te i te wa kotahi, me te marena - Spendiarova ki Elena, te tamahine o te kaitito Armenian.

I puta ia, mahi ia mo ma rua nga tau i roto i te Tupolev. haapii e ia nga whaktauiratia o hoahoa i roto i tona matenga Petlyakova VM Vladimir Myasischev. Aircraft "Maxim Gorky" ant-20, TB-3 Ko te hua o te mahi o te engineering me ngā kaimahi hangarau, i riro ite i te hero o tenei tuhinga.

tu Vladimir i roto i hoa taketake mōhiotanga tinana, me te pāngarau. I roto i te 1934, whakahokia mai e ia te hanga o te tōkiri rererangi popokorua-41, noho rite upoko o kapa TsAGI.

Mai 1937 Myasischev rite whakatau i te hanga papatipu o Li-2 rite te tino kaihoahoa o te tau tipu 84 (Khimki). ko āhukahuka reira mahi productionist tenei.

tiaki hopukina

Ehara i te mea ohie hoki i te ope wa ka repressed tona runga katoa. Ki te nama o nga kaimahi takitahi o te NKVD, i tamata i te "roro o te Forces Armed" ki te tiaki. Mahalo e he aha i roto i 1938, mahi i runga i te mataaro pūkaha ārahi atu Kostolomov Peria o aeronautical i mauheretia, ka takoha ki te haina i te whakaaetanga o te auru huna, tamata, ka tonoa ki te i roto i te pokapū tau hoahoa whare herehere 23 mahi tona whiu.

Kia reira, Myasischev miharo ki te kite i te mata maheni: te herehere ki te aroaro o tona kaitohutohu Petlyakova, Tupolev, Kuini me te neke atu i te ngaio tatini rererangi. e kore ratou mahi tahi anake, engari noho ano hoki i roto i te ruma kotahi.

Heoi, e kore ko te NKVD he aroha. I roto i te hāngū Vladimir Mikhailovich tae atu i te kupu whare herehere-tau 10 me te raupatu o te taonga. I te taha ki nama - te tiaki o te ora, mahi pakeke, taranata, tuku i roto i te heke mai ki te kia rehabilitated.

Ko te hanganga he tangata whānau pai. Ora i te whakamātautau i awhina tumanako ano ia ki te hoki ki te whānau. Ka rite ki haamana'o ia, i roto i anake reta wahine kore reira te whawhati.

ahumahi Aviation. mahi whakaako

mohio Aircraft e i hiahiatia ia ki auaha me te taketake. Ko te kaupapa ko te bomber roa-whānui auaha i roto i te 1939 whakawhanakehia Myasischev. Waka rererangi o production Soviet, ona matua i te whakatupuranga i muri ia ia. Vladimir whakaurua he whānuitanga katoa o innovations: mamao-te mana taputapu mīhini-pū, parirau angiangi ka hanga waka tauā, tahuhu ki tetahi wira puku. I roto i te tau 1940, tukua te rererangi i wawe.

Mai 1943, Vladimir Mikhailovich i muri i te matenga o tona mua arahina Kazan KB Petlyakova. I raro i tona kaiārahi, hua rererangi Pe-2Ka, hira o ritenga Tiamana i roto i ngā āhuatanga.

I te tau 1945 ka mohiotia e tona kaupapa ki te hanga i rererangi chetyrehdvigatelnogo whanaketanga unpromising ka katia. Mai i 1946 ki te 1951. mahi Myasischev tumuaki o te manga mo te hanga o te waka rererangi TsAGI. Ia pūtake faahohonu ratou matauranga. Ia, Meiha Engineer General, i whakawhiwhia te taitara mātauranga o te ahorangi.

Mai i rererangi rautaki ki te waka ātea

i faufaa whakahē Myasischev ki te meka i roto i 1946 ia "whana i roto o te tono o te rererangi" no te mea o te hepohepo o te whanaketanga. Ka rite ki te ahorangi, i taea ki te whakamatau i te piri pono o ona rangahau taketake i whakatakotoria atu i roto i te tau 1950 i roto i te pukapuka whaiaro ki Stalin ia. whakapono ia. I roto i te 1951, i whakaritea Meiha-Tianara te tino kaihoahoa mo te whanaketanga o te rererangi rautaki M-4.

ka tahuri te kaupapa i roto i ki te kia nui atu i angitu. hanga Vladimir Mikhailovich rererangi Soviet, e riro te utuafare katoa rodonachalnikdm o enei mihini (M-50, M-52, M-53, M-54).

I roto i te 1956, i mua i te hanganga mo te wa tuatahi fehangahangai ki te mahi o te hanga i te pūkaha karihi. tika tonu Engineer General ratou tauira o mua o te rererangi fakavaha'akonitinēnití M-50. Ki te kaha whawhai pai o te mīhini, Heoi, kua unu kohi faaino Fuel: 500 taranata ia rere i roto i te kotahi aronga ki te fenua Amerika. Hei whakahonore i te hero o tenei tuhinga, e kore ko te kaihanga pūkaha tona rahi.

I tino tenei ngoikoretanga mō te tīmata i te rererangi i roto i te hanga rangatū. faaoti kaihoahoa ki te whakakore i te reira i roto i te tauira i muri.

Ko te rererangi M-60 Myasishcheva - rererangi rautaki, peia pūrere karihi - i mahara ki te kia atu matatau patu fakavaha'akonitinēnití. Heoi, i mutu i te kaupapa. Reira e kore te ara i te meka e te raruraru o te radiation pūtaiao e kore i taea e taua taumata tukua. Just faaoti General Hekeretari Khrushchev e maha missiles ballistic fakavaha'akonitinēnití te fafau mō whakaeke.

faaoti rererangi i muri ki te whakawhanake i te waka rererangi mō te wāhi. Mai 1956, tona maha OKB 23, te tuatahi i roto i te Soviet Union mahi i runga i te hanganga o te rererangi tākirirangi, ka ū i runga i te rererangi. a Myasischev wheako rangahau nui. wāhi kei te i whakawhanakehia e ia rererangi rite ki te "kore", no te mea te hunga anake i roto i te ngā tino whānui, whakaahuatia e pūkenga. I roto i te whakarara ki te pūtaiao motu, kua whakawhanakehia Ameliká he hōtaka rite "Space Shuttle". putanga Soviet o te rakau wāhi i huaina "Buran-1."

Mataora Vladimir mahi nahanaha i runga i te rererangi, e kore kua analogues o nei. Hei timata ki, kua whakawhanakehia tona CB wha rerekē taea o tona hoahoa:

• parirau ki koki iti o te whawhai mo te tomokanga me ngā paki braking hypersonic;
• parirau ki koki tomokanga nui o whakaeke me te whakamahere taunga;
• parihau ki te heketanga o te rotor;
• hekerangi taunga koeke.

Na roto i te whanaketanga o te hanga whakaaetia o te momo tapatoru ki te raro flat. Hipanga-i-taahiraa kawea mahi whanaketanga i roto i uaua, engari te whakarau rite mo tetahi patu tukuna pūtaiao. katia Miro. e kore tenei wawaotanga tuakiri i roto i te pūtaiao i taea e ara ite Myasischev: i panaia hoki Planes Space i roto i te missiles USSR. General Hekeretari Khrushchev, faauruhia e te angitu o S. P. Koroleva, faaoti: "E matou e rua ngā hōtaka e kore e hutia!" Ta o te Kaunihera o Minita kua mutu te mahi i runga i te hanga o te tuatahi "Buran".

Ko te pūtaiao kaupapa hou

Vladimir Mikhailovich ko te nati uaua ki te anganga: repressed reira, a ka meinga e ia tetahi o nga pūtaiao ārahi i roto i te mara o te wāhi i roto i te ao. Ko te kaupapa o tona rangahau panaia katia rua, engari e kore ia i i hoatu e ake. ka whakarapopototia kotahi anake pūtaiao - tau. i mohio Myasischev, te timatanga o te mahi ao, kihai i whai ia ki te whakaoti. Ko te kupu tenei kotahi ia ka mea tona tuarua tuatahi: "tenei kaupapa ka waiho toku waiata wani. Ko te hua o reira, e kore e kitea e ahau ki a koutou. Heoi, ka taea e tīmata ai ahau i roto i te aronga tika. "

Shestidesyatichetyrehletny kaihoahoa rite iho ana e wha tekau nga tau, anaanatae ka mau ake te whanaketanga o te kaupapa ao "Chill-2", i hua i roto i te kaupapa "rererangi Suborbital Myasishcheva MG-19." hanga e ahau he rererangi rawa hou.

Ko te tika taketake rangahau, hoahoa, te whakamātau, me te mutunga whakaoti i te kaupapa i whakatakotoria i roto i hoki e pā ana ki e rua tekau nga tau. Tuatahi whakaritea ki te whakawhanake i te hangarau kohi wahie cryogenic, na te mahi hoahoa toe.

hanga Vladimir me rōpū ngaio, me te auaha fā'ūtaha ki te whakaoti mahi pūtaiao, me te engineering. Head o matatini hoahoa ka tuarua Tohunts AD Myasishcheva, tino kaihoahoa - iz Plyusnin, ārahi tohunga i roto i ngā wāhi whakaritea A. A. Bruk ko N. D. Baryshov.

Myasishcheva whati suborbital. pūkaha

pūnaha toko ahurei ko te faka'ilonga o te tauira 19. whakamatauria reira ki te waiho i te tutukitanga waewae mo pūtaiao maha. E whakaaro etahi o ratou faufaa roaahia'tu āhuatanga hangarau o te kaupapa. Etahi whakaaro e taea ki te hanga i tētahi pūkaha karihi, e kore te whakawehi astronauts radiation ratou.

Heoi, kaihoahoa kapa-peia, tātai i te tawhā hangarau hiahiatia o te pūkaha, kia e te manureva Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19 kore titiro te wawata. Ngā pūnaha toko e whakamahi ana i te pūngao o te tauhohenga karihi, hoatu ki a ia te whai wāhi kore anake ki te whakawhanake i tata-Earth wāhi, engari ano hoki e tata te marama. hanga whare karihi reira taea ki te whakamahi i ngā momo matatau o patu wāhi: kurupae, kurupae, makariri.

Kua hoki te kaupapa i mana waka puaretanga raruraru. tawhiti taiawhio iraruke i te whakamahi i te exchanger wera motuhake. I tenei take, tū Vladimir he kōrero auau ki te peresideni o te Soviet Academy o Sciences Aleksandrovym A. P. ia whakamoemiti te waka rererangi i hanga e Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19, hanga he tauākī kaha e ka whakapumautia te pūkaha rangatū ngā ki te wāhi karihi i roto i kotahi tekau nga tau.

Ētahi atu mōhiohio i runga i te pūkaha

A feruri i te kaupapa o te Myasishcheva pūkaha karihi. Kei te mahi hauwai wahie mo ia, e tukua nei ki te pūkaha. Hei whakamahi i tēnei pūnaha wai mahi āpitihāora pūrere karihi kore te hiahiatia. Fuel e ngingihatia i roto i te tauhohenga mekameka whakahaeretia heats te hauwai e puta nei ki wē pana te roto i te pupuha i raro i te pēhanga nui me te kaha "Space Shuttle" nekehanga.

hinga te kaupapa kotiti pārurenga

Kua whakapumautia rangahau Computational nga kaha hangarau faahiahia o te waka rererangi Aerospace. Heoi, titau te kaupapa anō ako-tau e rima, kitea rawatia ake te hoari o Damoclès iri tata. tautoko Defence Minita Ustinov te kaupapa kawea i roto i hohoro academician Glushko VP "Energía-Buran". Ki te whakamārama o te tūranga o te tangata te wha-tauanga i roto i te tūranga o te USSR Aircraft Minita Ahumahi Dementeva P. V. tautoko Myasishcheva rererangi karihi, kihai i reira whakatakotoria. Pita V., ka ako nga tuhinga, mahino e te MG-19 i roto i te hui o tona whakatū ka tohu i te wehenga kounga o te hōtaka wāhi Soviet, me te kaupapa "Buran" - he whakautu hangarite ki te Taparima.

tamata Minita o te ahumahi rererangi mo etahi wa ki te whakaroa i te mahi o te hōtaka academician Glushko. Heoi, whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o te wāhi Planes i whakawhitia hinonga awhenga i te raupapa o Minaviaproma i General Engineering Tāhuhu.

Na mutu kotiti mana te kaupapa, te hanga i te rere rererangi iti-orbital Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19. riro Vladimir he rangatira kaihoahoa kaimahi Lozino-Lozinski VG Mahi i runga i te waka rererangi Aerospace i āta poua atu, a muri iho i te Myasishcheva mate i roto i 1978, katia tona whanaketanga i.

Me pēhea te ki te matau i te tauākī o te pokapū Khrunichev?

Kaipānui e whai kē i te whakaaro whānui o te mea te tikanga he rererangi Myasishcheva VM MG-19, e taea inaianei mārama whakaaro te mea i te auraa i roto i te tauākī tata o te māngai o te ti'amâraa wāhi Russian.

Oku i ai e he nui etahi o te tinihanga. Matara atu i te mahi tāngata ko Meiha Tianara Myasischev. Whakaaturia i roto i te pūrongo hrunichevskom ako wāhi hohonu mau hoki Russia tenei ra, ko te kore me puta i te tau matua 1. tikanga e tika ana te tuatahi.

Tenei ko te wāhi i hanga i roto i te tau kua hipa, ko te upoko o te tari o te Institute o Space Research RAS Igor Mitrofanov. tuhia e ia e ka riro rangahau flights wāhi he mooni i roto i te 25 tau, ka e kia whakatau te raruraru o te tiaki o te kaipuke, me te waka i te radiation rangi.

nui rawa te faahemaraa ki te whakamahi i mutunga kaha wāhi hōia. rererangi Suborbital Soviet rererangi Vladimir Myasishcheva tino whakaiti te utu o te tuku, me te tāuta o ngā wāhanga o ngā pūnaha wāhi. Ko te hunga e taea te waiho i te patu e pānga te hoariri hiko pini hiko, haukotinga he tākirirangi taiaho kaha, launchers pere mamao-te mana turanga kaupeka. Kei te whanake kaihoahoa o teie mahana, me te kaua patu tāwāhi:

• āhuarangi;
• hopu Asteroids a retarget ratou i runga i ngā taumata whenua.

Ko te kupu, ki te i reira taea ki te hanga i te waka rererangi Myasishcheva M-19 i tenei ra, ka e auraa kotahi anake te mea - he a tawhio hou o te iwi ringa i roto i te kua whakawakia te wāhi e tata ana. I muri i te katoa, tūhura whai take o te matatini hohonu matapae e pūtaiao anake i roto i te rua tekau tau.

E riro te reira kuware ki te whakapono e ka riro i te Center Khrunichev tohatoha hoki e kore ko tenei kaupapa i te hōia.

mutunga

Kia i te Minita o Aviation Ahumahi o te USSR Dementyev wairangi ki te mea i te hui o te waka rererangi e ka kia whakatinana Myasishcheva kaupapa ka nga urupa o te hunga katoa reira, ka o ratou uri e wareware.

Te āhua e kore ko ia hape. ano riro teie mahana hāngaitanga i roto i te rau tau XXI, te whanaketanga o te hitu ahuru, te rere suborbital Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19.

E ai ki ona kaha rererangi e hāngai ana pūtaiao-, e nui Meiha Tianara te taumahinga o te rakau wāhi i runga i maha tohu taketake:

• tetahi Azimuth;
• hoki motuhake ki te pae tīmatanga me te taea o te whaiaro hūnuku-;
• nui haere pai ōhanga;
• te whakamahi o te whānui whānui o ngā momo āmionga;
• taea rererangi wāhi tētahi riro te rangi i te teitei o 50-60 Whārangi. km, a ka ano hoki ki te wāhi.

Heoi, ka-19 mig Myasishcheva riro te katoa "AtAKi" o te hiranga i roto i te ako o te matatini e kore matara i teie nei. I mua kia koe ia te iwi toa Me ki pūtaiao, me te tū whakaoti ratou raruraru o te haumaru radiation.