Order Andreya Pervozvannogo: hītori, whakaahuatanga, kaiaka

Order o St. Anaru - tetahi o nga tohu matua o te kāwanatanga Russian. E kore noa e, ko ia te tetahi tuatahi whakapumautia i roto i to tatou hōnore whenua, ko ia te roa te wa - tae noa ki 1917 - tū ia he taumata teitei i roto i te raupapatanga o whakahau kāwanatanga me mētara. I roto i 1998, tenei tūnga i te ture Borisa Eltsina i hoki mai ai.

I hanga Order Andreya Pervozvannogo i roto i te wa tino uaua mo te whenua: i reira ko te faaineineraa kaha mo te Northern War nui, i te whakarite Russia ki te riro i te par ki te mana nui Pākehā. Ko te tuatahi i roto i te tohu āhua Russian i ki tohu mana te whenua o, tona matau ki te faatura i te tahi atu āhua. Ko kahore aituā te kaiwhakaruruhau o tenei tohu ko tetahi o nga akonga tata i pōtitia a Pita - Andrey Pervozvanny, e takaro i te wa kotahi i te tūranga nui i roto i te hanganga o Kievan Rus.

Te tikanga tauira, i whakaahuatia te Order Andreya Pervozvannogo, tae atu te whakarite me te mau tautooraa kaha o Pita I. E ai ki tetahi putanga ko reira ia te tangata te whakaaro ki te hanga i te tohu o tenei tohu e rua whiti rārangi ma i runga i te mara puru, me te Order te whakawhiwhia ano ki te hunga e i "mahi nui ki te fatherland ". Tikanga i runga i te Whakatūnga o te Order i hainatia e te emepera i mua nei i roto i te mutunga o Maehe 1699.

rīpene Knights 'tuatahi, i taiepa e te Order o St. Anaru, tamata i runga i Admiral FA Golovin, engari te kaiaka tuarua o te raruraru puta: ka he rangatira ingoa nui Ivan Mazepa, e hohoro tuku ki Charles XII, mo e kore anake i Anatema, engari ngaro ano hoki te tohu Russian rawa. Pita ia, rokohanga, ka anake te taata tei mau ono o tenei tikanga nui.

Knights o te Order Andreya Pervozvannogo riro Tohu Hei, i ko te ripeka hiriwa, hutia i runga i te whakamārama o te-ahu rua ekara tae koura, me te whetu waru-oka. Ia peita tenei tohu i puru, ka i roto i te pokapū o te whakapakoko Andreya Pervozvannogo. a Order ki kia mau i runga i te miro puru, huatau piua atu i runga i tona pokohiwi matau, ko te uma mahue ukraschat whetu waru-oka.

Muri, i iti te porohita o kaitono mo tenei tohu ki te whiriwhiri teitei o te kāwanatanga, me te tino utu hoatu ratou te tika ki te taitara o te rūtene-whānui he tangata. I tua atu, kua riro te reira whakaatu ana te iho o te Whakatau Andreya Pervozvannogo i te mau melo whanau o te whānau o te emepaea.

Wä, kihai i taea e nga tangata Russian o tenei tohu e neke atu i te kotahi tekau ma rua. Just i te wa o te Hui-tanguru Revolution, i whakawhiwhia te Order Andreya Pervozvannogo, kia rite ki ngā whakatau tata, i 900 ki 1,100 iwi, tae atu taua iwi rongonui rite Alexander Suvorov, G. Potemkin, Rumyantsev, Napoleon. Ko te rangatira whakamutunga o tenei tohu i roto i Tsarist Russia ko te māngai o te whānau kingi Prince Petrovich Roma.

I roto i Russia hou, tangohia kotahi ano te Order Andreya Pervozvannogo tona wahi tika, ano he tohu whenua nui i roto i te 1998. hanga Ko tōna ahua e te huahua ora, na reira tino kape te tikanga, i a tae noa ki 1917. I hoatu te tohu tuatahi ki te rongonui academician Dmitry Likhachev. I muri, ka whakawhiwhia ratou ki te 12 atu iwi, tae atu Nazarbayev, Kalashnikov, Solzhenitsyn, Alexiy II, te S. Mikhalkov.