Hiriani te peresideni Hafez Asad: biography, te utuafare

Hafez al-Assad (Oketopa 6, 1930 - Pipiri 10, 2000, Ramahiku) - kaitōrangapū Hiriani, "Baath" rōpū Hekeretari Tianara, te Pirimia o Hiria (1970-1971) me tona palesiteni (1971-2000).

takenga

Hafez Asad, timata i roto i te kainga Kardahe i Latakia kawanatanga nei haurongo, i whanau i roto i te utuafare e no ki te hapori fakalotu Alawite. Ana matua, ko NASA me Ali Suleiman al-Assad. ko Hafez te iwa te tama a Ali, me te tuawha o tona faaipoiporaa tuarua. kotahi tekau ma tahi tamariki a Matua, a ka mohiotia hoki tona kaha, me te kārangarangatia.

mai Assad whānau i Suleiman al-Vahhisha, koroua, Hafeza Asada, e hoki noho i roto i te maunga Hiriani raki i roto i te kainga Kardahe. Kāinga tapaina a reira ingoa Vahhish, e te tikanga "kararehe mohoao" i roto i te Arabic. I roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, ka tonoa te kawana Ottoman o te Vilayet Aleppo Kardahi hōia ki te rohe ki te kohikohi takoha me te kimi o taritari hou. i patua ratou e te wehe o peasants arahina e Suleiman Al-Vahhishem, ahakoa he hoari anake me pū tawhito tutu patu.

taea hoki Hafez Asad kia whakakake o tona papa Ali Suleymanom, i whanau nei i roto i te 1875. Ka rite ki te tino whakaaro i roto i te kāinga, whakahē ia i te mahi French o Hiria i muri i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. Assad tona ingoa, e te tikanga "raiona", hanga ana e ia tona ingoa i roto i te tau 1927. Ka ora noa 1963, i ia te whai wāhi ki te kite i te huarahi āta ki te tama a te mana nui i roto i te whenua.

Childhood me tau o ako

Alawites te tīmatanga whakahē te kāwanatanga Hiriani kotahi, no te mea ratou whakaaro e kore ratou mana paerikiriki motu e kia ratou te tango i reira tūranga tika. Na ka tautoko tona papa Hafez enei whakaaro. A, no te te Wīwī i mahue Hiria, e kore tokomaha Hiriani e whakawhirinaki ratou tautoko tawhito Alawite mo France. mahue Hafez Asad Alawite tona kainga taketake, ka timata tona mātauranga i te tau o iwa i roto i te Sunni Latakia (ko te hapori fakalotu matua o Mahometa katoa Sunnis, te tuarua nui ko te hapori Shiites, Alawites me i piri i roto i ngā karakia). Ko ia te tuatahi i roto i tona hapu, ki te haere kura nui, engari i roto i Latakia fehangahangai Assad ki faaiteraa o riri fakalotu i te Sunnis. Hafez Assad i te ākonga pai, kua riro ia te maha o ngā tohu mō te angitu mātauranga i roto i te tau o e pā ana ki 14 tau.

Hanganga o whakaaro tōrangapū

noho Asad i rawakore wahi nuinga Alawite Latakia. Ki te uru ki roto ki te huru anö a tawhio noa, i ia ki te whiriwhiri ki te tautoko i te rōpū tōrangapū e kua ngā pōwhiritia Alawites. Enei rōpū i te Hiriani Communist Party, Hiriani rōpū pāpori iwi (SSNP) me te rōpū Arab "Baath". piri Assad te whakamutunga i roto i te tau 1946, ahakoa no ki te SSNP etahi o ana hoa. Party "Baas" ( "Revival") piri e te whakaaro o te kāwanatanga Arab kotahi te hanga ki te Māoritanga hapori.

Tīmata o ngā mahi i roto i te rōpū "Baas"

I kaha Assad i te rōpū, te kaiwhakahaere o ngā pūtau ākonga, "Baas" me te whakaoho mo te whakaaro o te Baathists i te whenei rawakore o Latakia me nga kainga a tawhio noa Alawi. ātete ia nga teina Ihirama, i tautokona e te taonga me nga hapu Muslim momo. I roto i tona kura tiketike ako matou ki te haere mai i rua wāhanga taonga, me te rawakore o te hapori. Ko te tino taiao Hafez Asad ki a ia mo te whakauru i te rawakore, ki te Sunni Muslim Tupú o te rōpū "Baas", whakahe nei i te mau melo o te Ihirama teina. I taua wa kua riro maha taitamariki Sunnis ana hoa. ka waiho i muri me ana haumi tōrangapū etahi o ratou.

I tonu rawa taitamariki, hei Assad kua tino nui i roto i te rōpū hei kaiwhakahaere me te kaiwhakahaere, ko ia te upoko o te komiti Baath o ngā ākonga o tona kura i 1949 ki te 1950. I roto i tona mahi tōrangapū i te kura, ka tutaki ia he tokomaha te iwi e mahi ki a ia, ina riro ia peresideni.

mahi hōia

I roto i te 1950, rau Hafez Asad kura. moe ia o hoko he tākuta, engari e kore te mea te moni ki te ako mo te iwa o nga tama a te utuafare. Just i tenei wa, i timata te taitamariki Hiriani Republic ki te hanga i to ratou ake taua maia, me te kaitōrangapū taitamariki i tapaea ki te haere ki te wänanga hōia i roto i te pa o Homs. whakaae ia, engari hohoro whakawhiti ki te kura rere i roto i Aleppo, i puta ia i roto i 1955, riro te paetukutuku tuatahi o rūtene o te Hiriani Air Force. Na roto i tēnei tau, pā ki tona faaipoiporaa ki Mahluf Anicet nei riro tona hoa anake o te ora.

I roto i te raruraru Suez, pane Assad i ki Ihipa hei wāhanga o te rōpū o kaiurungi hōia i roto i te tautoko o te peresideni Nasser i roto i tona tautohetohe ki te United Basileia me te United States. I roto i te 1957, kua tonoa mai te reira ki te USSR mo te tikanga whakangungu e iwa-marama mig-17 nekeneke.

I roto i te 1958, i raro i te mana o iwi hoki paraharaha-Arabists i hanga e rite wāhanga o te United Arab Republic o Hiria ko Ihipa i raro i te ārahitanga o Gamal Abdel Nasser. whakahē Assad te kotahitanga, no te mea whakaaro ia e häpainga ngā ngākau nuitanga o Hiria i reira ki runga ki. Heoi, ahakoa te meka e maha Baathists kua tangohia i te ratonga tūmatanui i roto i tenei wā, noho Assad i te ope, ka haere i runga i ki te hanga i te mahi.

I muri i te raupapa o coups hōia i rewa tuatahi haumi o Hiria ki a Ihipa i te 1961, a ka reira ko te tukipoto March 8, 1963. E ai ki nga hua o te rōpū "Baas" i hanga te kāwanatanga, ki te tīmata i te hurihanga hapori, ko Kāpene al-Assad, nei kua he wāhi kaha i roto i aua ngā kua, hohoro haere i runga i te whakatairanga.

I whakatairangatia ana ia ki nui, me te ka rūtene kānara, a na te mutunga o 1963, i arahina e te Hiriani Air Force. Na roto i te mutunga o 1964 i whakaritea e ia rangatira o te Force Air ki te paetukutuku o Meiha Tianara. hoatu Assad haamaitairaa Air Force rangatira, whakaritea ona kia ngāwari ai ki pou nui katoa, ka hanga he ratonga ite whai hua te Air Force, i meinga motuhake i te tahi atu pokapū maramarama i roto i Hiria. tū ia tautuhinga, i waho te mana o te Force Air. Kei te te whakarite Assad ia mo te pakanga kaha mo te mana.

Ko te pikitanga ki te peresideniraa

I roto i te 1966, i muri i te tukipoto i hōia, e kore nei e hanga tino huringa i roto i te akoranga tōrangapū o te whenua, i whakaritea te Minita hou o Paruru o Hiria, i meinga Hafez Assad. I muri i te hinga i roto i te Day War ono i roto i te 1967 ki a Iharaira, kua te kāwanatanga Hiriani kua whakahengia. I ko te rangatira de märena o Hiria Haraha Jadid, ko wai i ōkawa he pou o te Hekeretari Tuarua General o te rōpū "Baath".

I roto i tona fekumi ki he mana Assad tuatahi hanga i roto i te 1968 ki te putere whakahaeretia Jadida Pirimia Yusuf al-Zuayina, a i roto i 1970 ka whakataka ia me ia Jadida, nei i mauheretia, ka noho i roto i te whare herehere noa tona mate i roto i 1993.

I roto i te 1970, he Minita hou Pirimia o Hiria - Hafez Asad, a mai i 1971 me te peresideni (i tū tona re-pōtitanga i roto i 1978, 1985, me te 1991.). I roto i te kaupapa here ke, tonu e ia te kaupapa o mua o te maungārongo ki te USSR me te riri ki te US ko Iharaira. Otiia i roto i te po nohopuku, War ra i roto i 1973, i taea e ki te ora anake te wahi iti o te Heights Korana, nohoia e Iharaira mai 1967 Hiria.

Hafez Assad - Peresideni

Ko te pou matua o tona kaha te ope, me te ratonga maramarama. tamata ia ki ripeneta te whenua, me te ki te whakakaha tona kaha hōia. Heoi, arahina ana tautooraa ki te riri ki te nuinga o nga whenua Arab i roto i te rohe, me te ki wehe te ao. Ko ia i hoatu e Assad pūmautanga tōrangapū o Hiria mo te wa tuatahi mai i tona mana motuhake. Ki te ko te kāwanatanga Assad i Repanona mau whakapumautia faatîtîraa Hiriani i roto i 1976, i mutu te whawhai metarahi nanakia me patua e Iharaira. Islamists me teina Ihirama murua ātete ki te tikanga Assad, engari i tāmia i roto i 1982 i roto i to ratou whakatikanga ake, e mohiotia ana ko te kohuru i roto i Hama.

I roto i te whenua i reira ko tetahi fifi korerotia o tuakiri o te peresideni, i tāutatia ona whakapakoko parahi i roto i te tapawhā pokapū o nga pa nui i roto i te whenua. Posters ki tona whakaahua kua oti te whakapaipai nga facades o whare.

I roto i te tuatahi Gulf War i waenganui i Iraq ko Iran o 1980-1988. tautoko ia Iran i te Gulf War Persian i 1990 ki te 1991, ka mau ia ki tetahi wahi i roto i te whakakotahitanga anti-Iraq. I roto i te 1990, ka tahuri Assad ki te Te Hau-ā-uru, me āhua momo Arapia ki te whakahaere i te mau a'oraa te rongo ki a Iharaira, i, Heoi, i rahua.

Family me te tauatanga

I roto i te Hafez ko Anisy Asadov i rima tamariki, tama wha me te tamahine. Ko te whakarau o nga tama e toru fakamamahi: i patua e rua o ratou, a monokia te tuatoru i roto i te pakanga kaiākiri. I te whawhai ano, ka patua e ia, me tana tane Asad tamahine.

Ko nga morehu anake o ana uri tika, - he rua o tama, Bashar al-Assad. Ka rite ki te tama matamua ka mono Bassel mate i roto i te 1994 i roto i te hoê ati purumu, ka riro ia mono o tona papa rite peresideni o Hiria. Ki taea-tau 34-tau Bashar al-Assad tīmata tenei pou i roto i te 2000, kua whakarerekētia āta te kaupapa ture kia i hinga te tau iti mo te peresideni i 40 ki te 34 tau.